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                    <text>~UHMARY FACT SnEET
nIGHWAY U.S. 89 - LOGAN CANYON STUDY
NOVEMBER 1986

Utah Department of Transportation (UOOT)
CII2M IIILL Engineering Consultants

INTRODUCTION
UDOT has contracted with CH2M HILL for a study of US-89 in
Logan Canyon. The objective of the study is to evaluate
transportation needs, develop improvement alternatives and
to conduct an environmental evaluation of the alternative
concepts .
Findings of each step of this study will be
reported to the public through a public involvement program,
of which this fact sheet is a part. Previously circulated
information about this study is available at the Logan
Public Library, Utah State University Library and Valley
Engineering in Logan; U.S. Forest Service in Ogden; and CH2M
HILL and UOOT offices in Salt Lake City.
The purpose of this fact sheet is to report the preliminary
findings of the first task of the study. A report on the
preliminary identification of public concerns/issues regarding
potential improvements to U.S. Highway 89 in Logan Canyon
from Right Hand Fork east to Garden City is also included.
Questions about the following information or the project in
general may also be directed to Gale Larson, Valley Engineering, in Logan at 753-0153 or Cliff Forsgren, CH2M HILL, in
Salt Lake City at 363-0200.

Additionally, ~anual counts were taken at several points
within the canyon during 1986 to provide .ore detailed characteristics of the traffic flow.
Table 1 ahows the annual
average vehicles per day (AnT) and su~er average vehicles
per day on the road. Figure 1 shows the distribution of
traffic during the year, and Figure 2 shows the distribution
during the week.
Table 1
TRAFFIC VOLUME
U.S. 89 LOGAN CANYON
(CARD CUARD STATION)

RECORDED

The first task of the study, the determination of transportation needs on Highway 89 through the canyon, was to identify
existing roadway conditions; examine accident records for
the road; identify maintenance problems; identify traffic
volumes and characteristics; project future volumes; and
determine road capacity. The conclusions drawn from analyzing
this information include the location and nature of specific
highway safety hazards; the capability of the existing road
to carry present and future traffic volumes; and what problems exist that may keep the highway from functioning at a
reasonable operational level. This information will be the
basis for the second task of the study, the development of
alternative improvements, if improvements are found to be
needed.

Su~r

~:")J

2798
)022
)140
34(11
3400
)180

1)67

1927.
1907.
JROG
1013
1007
18&lt;10
17&lt;0
1773

1980
1981
1902 ••
1984~.

1985

.

AOT

(Vehicles Per O&lt;1l')

1774
155S
IG80

1973
197&lt;1
197 5
1976
1977
1978
19:'~

REPORT ON TRANSPORTATION NEEDS

.

Annual AnT
(Vehicles ~'cr Oa1':)

Year

)276

3424
)406
)503
)5)6

•• June. July and Augu sc
Adjusted to reflect difference in t~affic between C.Jrd
Guard Station where counter was originally installed and
the present location west of Garden City. The station was
moved in August of 1963.
1983 date!. ...·as not used .
Station moved to new location in
1983 ana oata is from two locatior.s.

EXISTING ROADWAY CONDITIONS
Design conditions of the road that affect traffic flow include cross-section elements, roadway curvature, roadway
gradient, and the width of and access to the highway rightof-way. These are generally referred to as roadway geometrics.
Data for cross-section elements show the road section between
Right Fork and Tony Grove as being well below standard in
terms of width of traffic lanes, shoulders, surfacing slopes,
and ditches.
The other sections, while below standard, are
not as seriously so.
Roadway curvature results in limited visibility and reduced
speeds.
The curves of each road section were categorized by
their recommended speed. The section from Right Fork to
Tony Grove ranked highest in the number of curves and in
their severity, followed by the section from the Cache-Rich
County line to Garden City. Gradient describes how fast a
highway climbs or descends in elevation. The section from
Tony Grove to Garden City has gradients of 6 to 7 percent
over 31 percent of its distance.
The majority of the road
from Logan to Tony Grove has gradients from 0 to 3 percent.

2' .9

r---

20

15

'"

12 . 0

0
t0

~

-

10 -

..,
..,
C

8 .2

,.---

0

SAFETY ANALYSIS

10 . 5

a..

The highway has been examined to identify specific locations,
or general conditions which may be contributing to traffic
accidents in the Canyon. To do this, the consultant examined
the number, type and location of accidents in the study section
from 1980 thrugh 1985. The hgihway was divided into 374 sections of 0.10 mile each. The average number of accidents
per year for each section were then computed. Those sections
with significantly higher than average accident rates (accidents/
year) are being considered for safety related improvements.
There are 16 sections in this category.

~.o

5

I---

l .6

0

1.6

F

l.a

~
l .4

~

M

A

M

A

S

0

N

l .S
~

0

Month of Yeac

MAINTENANCE FACTORS
Keeping the road open in winter is the single greatest maintenance problem faced in Logan Canyon.
In the narrower parts
of the canyon, there is nowhere to push the snow but into
the river.
Where snow can be plowed to only one side of the
road, plows must move across both traffic lanes. This creates
a potential safety hazard, particularly when coupled with
low visibility due to curves and snow. Winds and steep slopes
in the canyon also create maintenance problems with drifting
and slides.
Some flooding along the road occurs occasionally
during spring runoff.
TRAFFIC VOLUMES, CHARACTERISTICS, AND PROJECTIONS
Traffic volumes for Logan Canyon were obtain ed from the permanent counting station located at Card Ranger ~tation from
1974 to 1983, and just west of Garden City from 1983 on.

FIGURE
U.S. 89 LOGAN CANYON
PERCENT OF AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC
OY MONTI!
1984'-1985

These figures show that the road is heavily travelled in
summer (53.1 percent of the total from June through August)
and on weekends (53 percent of the total on Fridays, Saturdays, and Sundays). This indicates orientation of the road
to recreational traffic.

�20

.".'

, • •1

r---

t--

15 S . - r Count s

'l.8

r---

0

" ,)

t-

O

1-29

~r---

r---

1\Je8.

~

'2 . 0

~

2:..2~
2iJ!!
~

8 - 13

Wed .

8 - 16

Sat

~

~

~

~

RIght Fork Road (W)

25)4

5)l1

2144

2881

5306

56'4

Right fork Ro.d (E)

2389

5081

2581

7110

S035

SJJ1

Tony Grove Road (W)

2221

4896

2485

2609

4193

5081

Tony Grove Road (E)

2130

4666

2317

2496

4588

4863

S.... lt - Slnks Road (II)

10

2014

4445

2217

2391

4261

45 23

4351

2239

2351

4148

4391

2225

~

4187

4448

C
C&gt;

U

~

a..

5 -

s.-lt - :Hnks Road (E)

o

1991

Pe.,...nent Sta ti on

~-S-U-H--~M-O-H--+--T-U~€-4~W-€-O--~-r-"U--+--F-n-'~--S-A-T~

(e)

(e)

(e)

(e)

105

24 hr as percent of 16 hr

Oay of Week

Permanent station as percent of
Right Fork (W)
["IGUHE 2
89 LOGI\N CANYOtl
PERCENT OF AVERAGE DI\ILY TRAFFIC
OY DAY
1984-1985
U. S.

Data collected from manual counts at the Right Fork intersection, Tony Grove intersection, Reaver Mountain intersection, and Summit (Sinks Road), showed:
o

Composition of the traffic by vehicle type (car,
light truck, heavy truck)

79

(a)

(w) Indicates total traffic on west leg of intersection
(E) Indicates total traffic on east leg of intersection
24-hour counts for the manual count stations were
computed using the ratio of the 24-hour to the IO-hour counts at
the permanent station .
(c ) The permanent counter west of Garden City was not
operating on 7-29 and 8-2 .

(b)

Distribution of traffic by direction of travel
(east/west)

o

81

Variance in traffic volume between Right Fork and
Garden City,

o

106

Table 2 shows the variation in traffic volume over the entire
project route.
It can be seen that in winter, counts at the
permanent station near the east end of the route were less
than half the volumes at the west end of the route (34 percent and 44 percent). This indicates that there is/are substantial traffic generators (origins/destinations) within
the canyon - Beaver Mountain ski area, cross-country skiing,
snow mobiling and other winter recreation destinations.
The
summer volumes also show lower volumes on the east end than
on the west end of the route, (81 percent and 79 percent).
Since the summer time east end volumes are closer to west
end volumes than in winter, this suggests that recreation
within the canyon is less of a traffic generator in summer
than in winter. Most summer traffic in the Canyon is
through traffic.

Table 3 gives the percentage composition of tra!fic by vehicle
type at three counting stations. Passenger cars and light
trucks can be grouped together since their operation is
similar. The relatively high percentage of recreation
vehicles and trucks combined have significant consequences
for a two-lane road with many locations of limited sightdistance for passing and considerable road gradient (see
Roadway Conditions).

TalJle)
U.S. 89 r.ocAN CMYON
TRAFFIC COMPOSITION
(Percent)

Hid Week
Pass'enger Car
r.i9ht: Truck, Van
G Wheel Truck
lIeavy Truck
Recreat:ional Veh.

Table 2
U.S. 89 LOGAN CANYON
TRAFFIC VOLUME VARIATION

Wint~r

Right: t-'ork
52
J3

~

GI~ OVC

Sun.... it:

, ~

52
30

5S
30
1
2
12

S)

S8
29
.S
.5
12

51
)0
.S
_S
12

1
)

11

I)

56

56
)0
.S

)1

12

Weekend

Counts
2-22 ::;aturda:i

2-25

Tuesda:i

hr(a)
~E. 24

]0 hr

Passengec Car
Li9ht Truck, Van
G Wheel Truck
lIeavy Truck
Recreat:ional Veh.

11

_5
.5
12

•S
13

24 hr

Right Fork Road (W) (a)

1176

] 541

848

1111

(a)

1170

]533

83]

]089

]041

1364

712

932

55R

731

382

500

530

~

Right Fork Road

(E)

Beilver Mountain Road (W)
Beaver Mountain Roarl

fE)

Permanent Stilt ion

.-!Qi

:!4 hr as percent of 10 hr
Permanent

~tation

of Right Fork {WI

~

131

] 3]

34

44

as percent

Because of economic and other considerations, highways are
normally not designed to accommodate the highest hours of
traffic volume during the year, which .ay happen infrequently,
but instead are designed for a lower volume hour that occurs
.ore often.
UDOT nor.ally uses the 30th highest hourly volume
for the design hour volume (DIN). As is shown in Figure J,
the 30th highest volume hour for this study road segment is
consistent with hourly volumes immediately above and below
it, so little would be gained by choosing a different hourly
volume for the DIiV. The 30th highest hourly volume, about
14 percent of the average summer traffic, will therefore he
used as the hourly volume for which any improvements will be
designed.

�30,-------~r_------_r--------~--------r_------_y------__,

CAPACITY ANALYSIS

".

Highway capacity analysis is the estimation of the maximum
amount of traffic that can be carried by a given length of
highway at various operational qualities. Six categories of
road operational quality are defined as Levels of Service
(LOS) "A" through "F", "A" being the best operational conditions, F being the worst. Criteria for levels of service
address the freedom to move along a roadway without interference from other vehicles. Once estimated; these road
capacities can be compared with existing and projected
traffic volumes to determine the current and future ability
of the road to carry the traffic.

2S

The methodology used to analyze the traffic capacity of
U.S. 89 through the canyon is published in the Transportation Research Board report, "Highway Capacity Manual, Special
Report 209." A "general terrain" methodology, which is based

.a ·+----------jl -------~------~

-------~ .--------_I-------___l

Table 4
CAPACITY .AT EACtI LEVEL OF SERVICE
FOR LOGAN CANYON
PRESENT ROAOWAY CONDITIONS

0~--------~--------+--------1---------_I -------_4--------~
10
30
.0
o
GO
20
50
'~ighest

Hours of the Year

lEGEND

o

Level of
Service

or .JUNE.
""UlY AHO AUCUSf fHAF"ee

Segment
1

Maximum Vehicles Per lIour
Segment
Segment
2
3

.AVI[AAGE

a

A

FIGURE )
HIGHEST SOURLY VOWMES AS PERCENT
OF SU~~~R AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC

53

68

n

191

174

165
267

C

'010

I
I

I

~

&lt;

Q

V

V

/

V

Y
I

I
I

538

461

1508

1152

10~6

on average terrain, geOMetrics and traffic conditions, vas
applied to the highway study aection. For conditions above
or below the average of these elements, the capacity was
increased or decreased.
Under ideal operational conditions,
capacity for a two-lane road is 2,800 vehicles per hour (vph).
The results of the analysis are given in Table 4.

YEAR

It~O

306

629

E

Various techniques are used to project future traffic volumes.
All techniques rely on certain assumptions to provide the
basis of the forecast.
This study selected a past trends
technique, which assumes that the trend established by past
changes in traffic volume will generally continue into the
future.
Forecasts prepared using this method show an
increase in summer traffic volume of approximately
2 percent. The summer ADT in the year 2010 is projected to
be approximately 5800, a 75 percent increase over the
present.
Figure 4 shows that these figures compare very
favorably to projections based on the current baseline
population projections for the Wasatch Front and Bear River
areas developed by the State of Utah. These areas are projected to experience population increases averaging 1.95 percent compounded annually.
Using a projected annual growth
rate of 1.95 percent, the ADT in Logan Canyon at the Card
Guard Station would increase from 3,276 vehicles per day in
1980 to 5,847 vehicles per day in 2010. A summer ADT of
5,800 will therefore be used as the projected ADT for this
study.

386

D

U.S. 89 LOGAN CANYON

By comparing these capacities with the selected design hour
volume (DIN) based on present summer traffic volumes of
between 370 and 425 vehicles per hour (vph) and a OHV based
on projected summer traffic volumes of 545 to 627 vph, it
can be seen in Table 5 that the road is currently operating
during the summer at Level of Service D. By 2005, summer
operational conditions will have deteriorated in all segments
of the road to Level of Service E. This means that the road
is currently over its capacity to carry its traffic without
substantial delays occurring 75 percent or more of the time.
With future traffic volumes, delays on the road can be expected more than 75 percent of the time.
CONCLUSIONS ABOUT TRANSPORTATION NEEDS
An examination of highway characteristics for the study section
of road suggests that the high number of curves resulting in
limited visibility, which prevents passing, and substandard
lane and shoulder widths are the greatest cause of the capacity
problem. The large proportion of recreational vehicles and
other slower vehicles of the total traffic volume is also a
significant contributor to the problem that may increase in
the future.
If it is desirable to accommodate present and projected
vehicle loads in Logan Canyon through the year 2010 at a
level of service higher than "OW or WE," it will be necessary to improve problem areas of the roadway in some manner.
This can best be accomplished by increasing passing opportunities and widening traffic lanes and shoulders, thus
helping to prevent the formation of vehicle platoons and
allowing traffic to move more freely through the canyon.

I
I
lEGENO
ECONOMIC' POPUlAT ION ,IIENO
9"5EO FOAEC"ST

nGURE 4

PAST TAENO 8"S£ 0 fOil£C"Sl

US - 59 PAST TREND VS ECONOMC
AND POPULATlO~ ADT FORECAST

Specific methods of achieving these improvements will be
developed in the next step of the study, the development of
improvement alternatives.

�Table :;
LEVEL or SERVICE AT PROJECTED
DESIGN HOUR VOLUMES (OHVl
PR.ESENT ROAOW~Y CONDITION

1990

1985

Segment

2000

1995

2010

2005

OHV

LOS

OHV

LOS

~

LOS

OHV

LOS

OHV

~

OHV

LOS

425

0

469

0

S17

0

569

0

627

O-E

690

t

389

0

428

0

472

0

519

0

S72

630

E

)70

~

0

408

0

&lt;449

0

495

545

600

PRELIMINARY REPORT ON ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND CONCERNS
On August 26, the environmental and engineering staff of
CH2M HILL working on the Logan Canyon project toured the
Highway 89 study section with representatives of various
local enviro~ntal groups and the U.S. Forest Service. The
purpose of the tour was for the engineering consultant to
gain a preliminary understanding of what environmental issues
and concerns need to be considered in the development of
improvement plans for the canyon.
The following s\l~ary of the findings is preliminary because
other opportunit1es for public input regardi.ng environmental
~oncerns will occur prior to the selection of the preferred
~mprovement alternatives and prior to the environmental analysis of the project. Nevertheless, it is important for the
consultant to be aware, prior to any development of improvement alternatives, what are considered to be the most important and sensitive environmental resources of the canyon.
During the tour, it was suggested by some present that the
Canyon should be treated as a recreational corridor (a destination) rather than as a transportation link (a conduit
for traffic). Recreational use of the corridor should be
given priority over transportation use whenever a decision
involving trade-offs is to be made in the study. Recreational
use . d~a~s with visual resources, fishery habitat, recreational
fac11~t1es, vegetation, and possibly other environmental
elements.
It was also pointed out that a special ambience exists in
the lower part of the study route (Right Fork to below Lower
Twin Bridge), created by the narrm" canyon walls, sheer rock
cliffs, and tree canopy. Although the existing highway has
been constructed through the canyon, other signs of human
alteration are minimal. A number of specific elements that
contribute to this overall ambience were identified.

o

Visual - . concern regarding road cuts and fills;
destruct~on of focal points and existing fields of
v~ew; introduction of artificial features; imposit10n of human alterations upon a relatively natura).
setting

o

Recreation - protection of campgrounds, picnic
areas and features of interest (springs, caves,
etc.); provision of necessary facilities at interest points (parking, restrooms, etc.); bicycle
safety; protection of fisheries
•

o

River Protection - as a visual element; as a water
body; as fishery habitat; as a recreational resource

The tour progressed through the canyon from Logan to Bear
Lake viewpoint w~t~ stops a~ong the way to address specific
concerns ~t sens~t1ve locat~ons where road improvements were
proposed 1n the past. The area from Right Fork to Tony Grove,
the summit, and the Bear Lake viewpoint are the locations on
the route that are most sensitive.
Concern was cited that slopes in the lower canyon are so
steep that cuts for the purpose of road widening can result
in serious slope instability and slides. Avalanches can
also be a problem in winter.
Installation of guardrails in
some places on the road has decreased site distance, cutting
utilization of the few good passing locations.
In other
locations, their installation has eliminated views of the
river.
As additional concerns and issues relating to possible road
improvements in the canyon become identified, they will be
reported in project fact sheets, press releases, and public
meetings.

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              <text>SUMMARY FACT SHEET  HIGHWAY U.S. 89 - LOGAN CANYON STUDY  NOVEMBER 1986  Utah Department of Transportation (UOOT)  CH2M HILL Engineering Consultants  INTRODUCTION  UDOT has contracted with CH2M HILL for a study of US-89 in  Logan Canyon. The objective of the study is to evaluate  transportation needs, develop improvement alternatives and  to conduct an environmental evaluation of the alternative  concepts . Findings of each step of this study will be  reported to the public through a public involvement program,  of which this fact sheet is a part. Previously circulated  information about this study is available at the Logan  Public Library, Utah State University Library and Valley  Engineering in Logan; U.S. Forest Service in Ogden; and CH2M  HILL and UOOT offices in Salt Lake City.  The purpose of this fact sheet is to report the preliminary  findings of the first task of the study. A report on the  preliminary identification of public concerns/issues regarding  potential improvements to U.S. Highway 89 in Logan Canyon  from Right Hand Fork east to Garden City is also included.  Questions about the following information or the project in  general may also be directed to Gale Larson, Valley Engineering,  in Logan at 753-0153 or Cliff Forsgren, CH2M HILL, in  Salt Lake City at 363-0200.  REPORT ON TRANSPORTATION NEEDS  The first task of the study, the determination of transportation  needs on Highway 89 through the canyon, was to identify  existing roadway conditions; examine accident records for  the road; identify maintenance problems; identify traffic  volumes and characteristics; project future volumes; and  determine road capacity. The conclusions drawn from analyzing  this information include the location and nature of specific  highway safety hazards; the capability of the existing road  to carry present and future traffic volumes; and what probå_lems  exist that may keep the highway from functioning at a  reasonable operational level. This information will be the  basis for the second task of the study, the development of  alternative improvements, if improvements are found to be  needed.  EXISTING ROADWAY CONDITIONS  Design conditions of the road that affect traffic flow inå_clude  cross-section elements, roadway curvature, roadway  gradient, and the width of and access to the highway rightå_of-  way. These are generally referred to as roadway geometrics.  Data for cross-section elements show the road section between  Right Fork and Tony Grove as being well below standard in  terms of width of traffic lanes, shoulders, surfacing slopes,  and ditches. The other sections, while below standard, are  not as seriously so.  Roadway curvature results in limited visibility and reduced  speeds. The curves of each road section were categorized by  their recommended speed. The section from Right Fork to  Tony Grove ranked highest in the number of curves and in  their severity, followed by the section from the Cache-Rich  County line to Garden City. Gradient describes how fast a  highway climbs or descends in elevation. The section from  Tony Grove to Garden City has gradients of 6 to 7 percent  over 31 percent of its distance. The majority of the road  from Logan to Tony Grove has gradients from 0 to 3 percent.  SAFETY ANALYSIS  The highway has been examined to identify specific locations,  or general conditions which may be contributing to traffic  accidents in the Canyon. To do this, the consultant examined  the number, type and location of accidents in the study section  from 1980 thrugh 1985. The hgihway was divided into 374 secå_tions  of 0.10 mile each. The average number of accidents  per year for each section were then computed. Those sections  with significantly higher than average accident rates (accidents/  year) are being considered for safety related improvements.  There are 16 sections in this category.  MAINTENANCE FACTORS  Keeping the road open in winter is the single greatest mainå_tenance  problem faced in Logan Canyon. In the narrower parts  of the canyon, there is nowhere to push the snow but into  the river. Where snow can be plowed to only one side of the  road, plows must move across both traffic lanes. This creates  a potential safety hazard, particularly when coupled with  low visibility due to curves and snow. Winds and steep slopes  in the canyon also create maintenance problems with drifting  and slides. Some flooding along the road occurs occasionally  during spring runoff.  TRAFFIC VOLUMES, CHARACTERISTICS, AND PROJECTIONS  Traffic volumes for Logan Canyon were obtained from the perå_manent  counting station located at Card Ranger ~tation from  1974 to 1983, and just west of Garden City from 1983 on.  Additionally, ~anual counts were taken at several points  within the canyon during 1986 to provide .ore detailed charå_acteristics  of the traffic flow. Table 1 ahows the annual  average vehicles per day (AnT) and su~er average vehicles  per day on the road. Figure 1 shows the distribution of  traffic during the year, and Figure 2 shows the distribution  during the week.  Year  1973  197&amp;lt;1  1975  1976  1977  1978  19:'~  1980  1981  1902 ‰Û¢‰Û¢  1984~.  1985 .  Table 1  RECORDED TRAFFIC VOLUME  U.S. 89 LOGAN CANYON  (CARD CUARD STATION)  Annual AnT  (Vehicles ~'cr Oa1':)  1774  155S  IG80  1)67  1927.  1907.  JROG  1013  1007  18&amp;lt;10  17&amp;lt;0  1773  . Su~r AOT  (Vehicles Per O&amp;lt;1l')  ~:")J  2798  )022  )140  34(11  3400  )180  )276  3424  )406  )503  )5)6  ‰Û¢‰Û¢ June. July and Augusc  Adjusted to reflect difference in t~affic between C.Jrd  Guard Station where counter was originally installed and  the present location west of Garden City. The station was  moved in August of 1963.  1983 date!. ... åáas not used . Station moved to new location in  1983 ana oata is from two locatior.s.  20  15  '"  0  t-  0 10 -  .C.,  0 ..,  a..  5 - ~  l .6 1.6  l.a  ~  0  F M A  12 .0  ~  8 .2  2' .9  r---  10 . 5 -  ,.---  ~.o  I---  l . 4 l .S  ~  M A S 0 N 0  Month of Yeac  FIGURE  U.S. 89 LOGAN CANYON  PERCENT OF AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC  OY MONTI!  1984'-1985  These figures show that the road is heavily travelled in  summer (53.1 percent of the total from June through August)  and on weekends (53 percent of the total on Fridays, Saturå_days,  and Sundays). This indicates orientation of the road  to recreational traffic.  0  t-  O  C  C&amp;gt;  U  ~  a..  20 , ‰Û¢ ‰Û¢ 1  t--  15 -  10  5 -  'l.8 r--- '2 .0  " ,) r---  ~r---  .".' r---  o ~-S-U-H--~M-O-H--+--T-U~‰âÂ-4~W-‰âÂ-O--~-r-"U--+--F-n-'~--S-A-T~  Oay of Week  ["IGUHE 2  U. S. 89 LOGI\N CANYOtl  PERCENT OF AVERAGE DI\ILY TRAFFIC  OY DAY  1984-1985  Data collected from manual counts at the Right Fork interå_section,  Tony Grove intersection, Reaver Mountain intersecå_tion,  and Summit (Sinks Road), showed:  o Variance in traffic volume between Right Fork and  Garden City,  o Distribution of traffic by direction of travel  (east/west)  o Composition of the traffic by vehicle type (car,  light truck, heavy truck)  Table 2 shows the variation in traffic volume over the entire  project route. It can be seen that in winter, counts at the  permanent station near the east end of the route were less  than half the volumes at the west end of the route (34 perå_cent  and 44 percent). This indicates that there is/are subå_stantial  traffic generators (origins/destinations) within  the canyon - Beaver Mountain ski area, cross-country skiing,  snow mobiling and other winter recreation destinations. The  summer volumes also show lower volumes on the east end than  on the west end of the route, (81 percent and 79 percent).  Since the summer time east end volumes are closer to west  end volumes than in winter, this suggests that recreation  within the canyon is less of a traffic generator in summer  than in winter. Most summer traffic in the Canyon is  through traffic.  Table 2  U.S. 89 LOGAN CANYON  TRAFFIC VOLUME VARIATION  Wint~r Counts  2-22 ::;aturda:i  ~E. 24 hr(a)  Right Fork Road (W) (a) 1176 ] 541  Right Fork Road (E) (a) 1170 ]533  Beilver Mountain Road (W) ]041 1364  Beaver Mountain Roarl fE) 55R 731  Permanent Stilt ion .-!Qi 530  :!4 hr as percent of 10 hr 131  Permanent ~tation as percent  of Right Fork {WI 34  2-25 Tuesda:i  ]0 hr 24 hr  848 1111  83] ]089  712 932  382 500  ~ ~  ] 3]  44  S.-r Counts  1-29 1\Je8. 2:..2~ 8 - 13 Wed . 8 - 16 Sat  ~ ~ ~ 2iJ!! ~ ~ ~ ~  RIght Fork Road (W) 25)4 5)l1 2144 2881 5306 56'4  Right fork Ro.d (E) 2389 5081 2581 7110 S035 SJJ1  Tony Grove Road (W) 2221 4896 2485 2609 4193 5081  Tony Grove Road (E) 2130 4666 2317 2496 4588 4863  S .... lt - Slnks Road (II) 2014 4445 2217 2391 4261 4523  s.-lt-:Hnks Road (E) 1991 4351 2239 2351 4148 4391  Pe.,...nent Sta tion ( e ) (e) (e) (e) 2225 ~ 4187 4448  24 hr as percent of 16 hr 105 106  Permanent station as percent of  Right Fork (W) 81 79  (a)  (w) Indicates total traffic on west leg of intersection  (b)  (E) Indicates total traffic on east leg of intersection  24-hour counts for the manual count stations were  computed using the ratio of the 24-hour to the IO-hour counts at  (c ) the permanent station .  The permanent counter west of Garden City was not  operating on 7-29 and 8-2 .  Table 3 gives the percentage composition of tra!fic by vehicle  type at three counting stations. Passenger cars and light  trucks can be grouped together since their operation is  similar. The relatively high percentage of recreation  vehicles and trucks combined have significant consequences  for a two-lane road with many locations of limited sightå_distance  for passing and considerable road gradient (see  Roadway Conditions).  Hid Week  Pass'enger Car  r.i9ht: Truck, Van  G Wheel Truck  lIeavy Truck  Recreat:ional Veh.  Weekend  Passengec Car  Li9ht Truck, Van  G Wheel Truck  lIeavy Truck  Recreat:ional Veh.  TalJle)  U.S. 89 r.ocAN CMYON  TRAFFIC COMPOSITION  (Percent)  Right: t-'ork ~ GI~ OVC  52 52  J3 30  1  )  11 I)  56 56  11 )0  _5 . S  .5 ‰Û¢ S  12 13  Sun .... it:  5S  30  1  2  12  S8  29  .S  .5  12  , ~  S)  )1  12  51  )0  .S  _S  12  Because of economic and other considerations, highways are  normally not designed to accommodate the highest hours of  traffic volume during the year, which .ay happen infrequently,  but instead are designed for a lower volume hour that occurs  .ore often. UDOT nor.ally uses the 30th highest hourly volume  for the design hour volume (DIN). As is shown in Figure J,  the 30th highest volume hour for this study road segment is  consistent with hourly volumes immediately above and below  it, so little would be gained by choosing a different hourly  volume for the DIiV. The 30th highest hourly volume, about  14 percent of the average summer traffic, will therefore he  used as the hourly volume for which any improvements will be  designed.  30,-------~r_------_r--------~--------r_------_y------__,  ".  2S  .a åá+----------jl-------~------~ -------~ .--------_I-------___l  0~--------~--------+--------1---------_I -------_4--------~  o 10 20 30 .0 50 GO  '~ighest Hours of the Year  lEGEND  o  a .AVI[AAGE or .JUNE.  ""UlY AHO AUCUSf fHAF"ee  FIGURE )  HIGHEST SOURLY VOWMES AS PERCENT  OF SU~~~R AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC  U.S. 89 LOGAN CANYON  Various techniques are used to project future traffic volumes.  All techniques rely on certain assumptions to provide the  basis of the forecast. This study selected a past trends  technique, which assumes that the trend established by past  changes in traffic volume will generally continue into the  future. Forecasts prepared using this method show an  increase in summer traffic volume of approximately  2 percent. The summer ADT in the year 2010 is projected to  be approximately 5800, a 75 percent increase over the  present. Figure 4 shows that these figures compare very  favorably to projections based on the current baseline  population projections for the Wasatch Front and Bear River  areas developed by the State of Utah. These areas are proå_jected  to experience population increases averaging 1.95 perå_cent  compounded annually. Using a projected annual growth  rate of 1.95 percent, the ADT in Logan Canyon at the Card  Guard Station would increase from 3,276 vehicles per day in  1980 to 5,847 vehicles per day in 2010. A summer ADT of  5,800 will therefore be used as the projected ADT for this  study.  ~  &amp;lt; Q  YEAR  It~O '010  I  I I Y  V I  /  I  I  V  V  I  I  lEGENO  ECONOMIC' POPUlAT ION ,IIENO  9"5EO FOAEC"ST  PAST TAENO 8"Så£ 0 fOilå£C"Sl  nGURE 4  US - 59 PAST TREND VS ECONOMC  AND POPULATlO~ ADT FORECAST  CAPACITY ANALYSIS  Highway capacity analysis is the estimation of the maximum  amount of traffic that can be carried by a given length of  highway at various operational qualities. Six categories of  road operational quality are defined as Levels of Service  (LOS) "A" through "F", "A" being the best operational conå_ditions,  F being the worst. Criteria for levels of service  address the freedom to move along a roadway without interå_ference  from other vehicles. Once estimated; these road  capacities can be compared with existing and projected  traffic volumes to determine the current and future ability  of the road to carry the traffic.  The methodology used to analyze the traffic capacity of  U.S. 89 through the canyon is published in the Transportaå_tion  Research Board report, "Highway Capacity Manual, Special  Report 209." A "general terrain" methodology, which is based  Level of  Service  A  n  C  D  E  Table 4  CAPACITY .AT EACtI LEVEL OF SERVICE  FOR LOGAN CANYON  PRESENT ROAOWAY CONDITIONS  Segment  1  53  191  386  629  1508  Maximum Vehicles Per lIour  Segment  2  68  174  306  538  1152  Segment  3  165  267  461  10~6  on average terrain, geOMetrics and traffic conditions, vas  applied to the highway study aection. For conditions above  or below the average of these elements, the capacity was  increased or decreased. Under ideal operational conditions,  capacity for a two-lane road is 2,800 vehicles per hour (vph).  The results of the analysis are given in Table 4.  By comparing these capacities with the selected design hour  volume (DIN) based on present summer traffic volumes of  between 370 and 425 vehicles per hour (vph) and a OHV based  on projected summer traffic volumes of 545 to 627 vph, it  can be seen in Table 5 that the road is currently operating  during the summer at Level of Service D. By 2005, summer  operational conditions will have deteriorated in all segments  of the road to Level of Service E. This means that the road  is currently over its capacity to carry its traffic without  substantial delays occurring 75 percent or more of the time.  With future traffic volumes, delays on the road can be exå_pected  more than 75 percent of the time.  CONCLUSIONS ABOUT TRANSPORTATION NEEDS  An examination of highway characteristics for the study section  of road suggests that the high number of curves resulting in  limited visibility, which prevents passing, and substandard  lane and shoulder widths are the greatest cause of the capacity  problem. The large proportion of recreational vehicles and  other slower vehicles of the total traffic volume is also a  significant contributor to the problem that may increase in  the future.  If it is desirable to accommodate present and projected  vehicle loads in Logan Canyon through the year 2010 at a  level of service higher than "OW or WE," it will be neceså_sary  to improve problem areas of the roadway in some manner.  This can best be accomplished by increasing passing opporå_tunities  and widening traffic lanes and shoulders, thus  helping to prevent the formation of vehicle platoons and  allowing traffic to move more freely through the canyon.  Specific methods of achieving these improvements will be  developed in the next step of the study, the development of  improvement alternatives.  Table :;  LEVEL or SERVICE AT PROJECTED  DESIGN HOUR VOLUMES (OHVl  PR.ESENT ROAOW~Y CONDITION  Segment 1985 1990  ~ OHV LOS OHV LOS ~  425 0 469 0 S17  389 0 428 0 472  )70 0 408 0 &amp;lt;449  PRELIMINARY REPORT ON ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND CONCERNS  On August 26, the environmental and engineering staff of  CH2M HILL working on the Logan Canyon project toured the  Highway 89 study section with representatives of various  local enviro~ntal groups and the U.S. Forest Service. The  purpose of the tour was for the engineering consultant to  gain a preliminary understanding of what environmental issues  and concerns need to be considered in the development of  improvement plans for the canyon.  The following s\l~ary of the findings is preliminary because  other opportunit1es for public input regardi.ng environmental  ~oncerns will occur prior to the selection of the preferred  ~mprovement alternatives and prior to the environmental analå_ysis  of the project. Nevertheless, it is important for the  consultant to be aware, prior to any development of improveå_ment  alternatives, what are considered to be the most imporå_tant  and sensitive environmental resources of the canyon.  During the tour, it was suggested by some present that the  Canyon should be treated as a recreational corridor (a deså_tination)  rather than as a transportation link (a conduit  for traffic). Recreational use of the corridor should be  given priority over transportation use whenever a decision  involving trade-offs is to be made in the study. Recreational  use . d~a~s with visual resources, fishery habitat, recreational  fac11~t1es, vegetation, and possibly other environmental  elements.  It was also pointed out that a special ambience exists in  the lower part of the study route (Right Fork to below Lower  Twin Bridge), created by the narrm" canyon walls, sheer rock  cliffs, and tree canopy. Although the existing highway has  been constructed through the canyon, other signs of human  alteration are minimal. A number of specific elements that  contribute to this overall ambience were identified.  1995  LOS  0  0  0  2000 2005 2010  OHV LOS OHV ~ OHV LOS  569 0 627 O-E 690 t  519 0 S72 630 E  495 545 600  o Visual - .concern regarding road cuts and fills;  destruct~on of focal points and existing fields of  v~ew; introduction of artificial features; imposiå_t10n  of human alterations upon a relatively natura).  setting  o Recreation - protection of campgrounds, picnic  areas and features of interest (springs, caves,  etc.); provision of necessary facilities at interå_est  points (parking, restrooms, etc.); bicycle  safety; protection of fisheries ‰Û¢  o River Protection - as a visual element; as a water  body; as fishery habitat; as a recreational resource  The tour progressed through the canyon from Logan to Bear  Lake viewpoint w~t~ stops a~ong the way to address specific  concerns ~t sens~t1ve locat~ons where road improvements were  proposed 1n the past. The area from Right Fork to Tony Grove,  the summit, and the Bear Lake viewpoint are the locations on  the route that are most sensitive.  Concern was cited that slopes in the lower canyon are so  steep that cuts for the purpose of road widening can result  in serious slope instability and slides. Avalanches can  also be a problem in winter. Installation of guardrails in  some places on the road has decreased site distance, cutting  utilization of the few good passing locations. In other  locations, their installation has eliminated views of the  river.  As additional concerns and issues relating to possible road  improvements in the canyon become identified, they will be  reported in project fact sheets, press releases, and public  meetings.</text>
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                    <text>PROJECT INTRODUCTION
STUDY OF U.S. HIGHWAY 89 THROUGH LOGAN CANYON
UTAH DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
PURPOSE
The Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) has the responsibility of maintaining all state and federal highways in a
condition that will allow safe transportation. A number of
specific sites along U.S. Highway 89 in Logan Canyon have
been identified by UDOT as requiring repair in the near future to provide safe transportation in the Canyon. Much of
the highway in the Canyon lies within the Cache National
Forest, which is administered by the U.S. Forest Service
(USFS) who must approve all work on the road beyond routine
maintenance. As a result of these currently needed repairs
and other perceived problems, UDOT and USFS have agreed that
an overall transportation plan for the Canyon is necessary
and that a comprehensive study of the possible problems and
needed repairs/improvements should be conducted rather than
examining each site independently as major problems occur.
To begin, UDOT selected CH2M HILL, a consulting firm of
Engineers, Planners, Economists, and Scientists with offices
in Salt Lake City and other communities throughout the country
to conduct the study. Valley Engineering, Inc. of Logan is
a major subcontractor.
This study has three major objectives:
o

To identify locations on the road where problems
in safety, maintenance, road design, and capacity
occur, and to document these problems.

o

To propose several alternative means, through repair
or improvements, to correct the problems.

o

To conduct an analysis of the potential impacts of
the proposed alternatives on the environment.
BACKGROUND

This portion of U.S. 89 has been under scrutiny by UDOT for
some time because of congestion, accidents, and maintenance
problems. The highway has been on UDOT's schedule for improvement since the late 1950s. In 1961, improvements were
made to the road between Logan and DeWitt Springs.
In 1969,
the section between DeWitt Springs and Right Hand Fork was
improved. Pre-design work on improvements between Right
Hand Fork and Ricks Springs was completed in late 1968, but
following passage of the National Environmental Policy Act

1

�(NEPA) in 1969, local concern showed the necessity to reevaluate the project. The Federal Highway Administration
(FHWA) determined in 1972 that an environmental impact statement (EIS) would be required for the project in accordance
with NEPA. At this time, the project consisted of improvements to the road that would result in a 4-lane highway.
Considerable study of the project intended to conclude in a
draft EIS continued until April 1979. The original 4-lane
highway concept was discarded for one that would widen the
pavement from the existing 22 feet to 34 feet, provide a
5-foot cut ditch, and raise the design speed from 35 to
40 miles per hour. As a result of that change, the FHWA
reclassified the project to require only an environmental
assessment rather than a full EIS. Again, local concern
(involving the environmental community), over the reclassification of the project resulted in the FHWA revising its
decision and requiring a full EIS for the project. Changes
to NEPA adopted by Congress in 1977 resulted in revision of
all federal agency guidelines for the preparation of EIS.
UDOT therefore suspended work on the EIS in 1980 to await
the new directives, and is now reactivating the process.
DESCRIPTION OF STUDY
The first task is to analyze travel constraints in the Canyon,
including safety, maintenance costs, points of substandard
design, and congestion. Accident reports will be reviewed
in an attempt to determine the cause, and accident rates
will be compared with those of comparable roads in the state.
Locations with abnormally high maintenance costs will be
evaluated. This analysis will include calculation of permile costs for the entire length of road, identification of
specific sites of unusually high costs, and comparison of
these costs with statewide road maintenance costs. Highway
segments where the road geometrics may be inadequate for the
overall design speed will be inventoried and assessed. Finally, the degree and occurrence of congestion on the road
will be determined by identifying the road capacity and
evaluating current traffic volumes. The level of service
that can be provided on the existing highway in year 2010,
with expected traffic increases, will be projected. A report will be prepared explaining the findings of this part
of the study.
The second task will be to prepare a transportation plan for
the corridor, including up to six alternative concepts. The
alternatives will consider specific repairs or improvement
plans for sites where problems have been identified including
spot improvements, resurfacing, new signing, reconstruction
along the existing alignment, and widening of the existing

2

�roadway between Right-Hand Fork and Garden City. Such
widening might include slow-moving vehicle lanes, passing
lanes, or minor alignment changes. From Bear Lake Summit to
Garden City, the plan will consider the location of two
totally new, alternative routes, one to the north of the
existing road and one to the south. Each alternative will
be evaluated in terms of costs and benefits, including construction costs, reduction of travel time, vehicle and road
maintenance costs, safety, aesthetics, and recreational factors.
General environmental trade-offs and a comparison of engineering requirements for each alternative will also be incorporated into the technical report prepared upon completion of this study task.
Major geologic features of the study corridor will be identified and a geotechnical analysis conducted. A description
of engineering conditions of the soils and geology as they
relate to possible construction and maintenance problems
will result from the analysis. Northern Engineering and
Testing of Salt Lake City is a subcontractor to CH2M HILL
for the geotechnical work.
An environmental analysis will then be conducted. A full
environmental impact statement may ultimately be required.
The environmental analysis will include participation of
interest groups, agencies, and the general public to identify major issues to be investigated in the analysis.
The
analysis will be based on literature review and field studies and will identify possible impacts of each project
alternative and suggest mitigation measures.
SCHEDULE
Work on the project began in June and is expected to be completed by June 1987, with the possible exception of some
public participation activities and completing the environmental analysis. A study task schedule for major work in
each task is provided below.
Task 1

Analysis of Transportation Need
Started early June 1986; complete August 1986

Task 2

Location Studies/Transportation Plan
Begin early August 1986; complete late November
1986

Task 3

Geotechnical Considerations
Begin early September 1986; complete late October
1986

Task 4

Public Involvement
To be conducted throughout study duration

3

�Task 5

Coordination
To be conducted throughout study duration

Task 6

Environmental Analysis
Started June 1986; complete late January 1987

Task 7

Preparation of Documents
Begin early January 1987; complete late May 1987
PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT/AGENCY COORDINATION

A public involvement plan based upon project milestones will
be implemented during the study.
In addition to the program
proposed for each study milestone, the following activities
will occur continuously throughout the study:
o

Maintenance of a Mailing List - all individuals
an~ interest groups requesting mailings will be
included on this list (list available upon request)

o

Local Study Liaison - Valley Engineering, Inc. in
Logan will maintain copies of all informational
material on the study in its Logan office, and
will answer or refer questions to the appropriate
person. CH2M HILL will also perform this service
in its Salt Lake City office

o

Local repositories for study materials will be
arranged at the Logan Public Library, Utah State
University Library, Garden City Municipal Offices,
and Salt Lake City Public Library. All informational materials will also be available at Wasatch/
Cache National Forest offices in Ogden and at the
Utah Department of Transportation offices in Salt
Lake City

MILESTONE 1 - BEGINNING OF PROJECT
o

Study Organization and Data Gathering and the
analysis of transportation needs began in early
June 1986.

o

Interdisciplinary Team Organization - an interdisciplinary team which includes representatives from
UDOT, USPS, FHWA, the environmental community and
CH2M HILL was organized in June 1986.

o

Press Release to be submitted to all media included
on mailing list - week of July 28, 1986.

4

�o

Project Introduction - a detailed written explanation of the history of this study, the reasons for
conducting this study, and the tasks to be conducted, will be mailed to all groups/individuals
included on the mailing list - week of July 28,
1986.

MILESTONE 2 - COMPLETION OF TRANSPORTATION NEEDS ANALYSIS
The analysis and conclusions of this study should be close
to completion by mid August 1986.
o

Press Release to be submitted to all media included
on mailing list - late August 1986.

o

Summary Report of Findings/Fact Sheet will be
mailed to all groups/individuals on mailing list late August 1986.

o

Town Meeting to discuss findings and answer
questions, to be held in Logan - early
September 1986.

o

Meetings With Interest Groups as requested - following town meeting - early September 1986.

o

Written Summary of activities, response, and
issues will be prepared upon completion of ·the
second phase of the public involvement program late September 1986.

MILESTONE 3 - COMPLETION OF ALTERNATIVES DEVELOPMENT
(Prior to environmental impact analysis) - This should occur
near the end of November.
o

Press Release giving brief review of study findings
to date, explaining proposed alternatives, and
reviewing the proposed scoping activities will be
submitted to all media on the mailing list - late
November 1986.

o

Fact Sheet giving detailed explanation of each
alternative with graphic illustration, explanation
of level of service provided by each, and general
advantages and disadvantages, will be sent to each
entry on mailing list - late November 1986.

o

Meetings With Interest/Service Groups expressing
strong interest in the study will be held during
December to discuss the alternatives and identify
their concerns. A maximum of four such meeting
are planned, and as a result some groups might be
requested to meet together. Groups that request
such a meeting might include:
5

�Sierra Club
Utah Wilderness Association
Bridgerland Audubon Society
Rich-Cache Tourist Council
Cache County Chamber of Commerce
Bear River Association of Governments
Bear Lake Convention and Visitors Bureau
Cache Economic Development Council
Civic/Service Clubs
o

Town Meeting will be held in Logan to summarize
alternatives, report on concerns voiced by groups/
individuals, receive testimony on other concerns.
Issues to be addressed in environmental analysis
will be summarized - early January 1987.

o

Press Release reviewing scoping process activities
and issues to be studied in environmental analysis
will be submitted to all media included on mailing
list - mid January 1987.

o

Written Summary of all public involvement activities, response, and issues will be prepared after
the activities of this phase have been conducted late January 1987.

MILESTONE 4 - COMPLETION OF DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENT
This milestone will occur approximately May 29, 1986.
o

Videotape explaining the alternatives and discussing the environmental tradeoffs will be developed
prior to Milestone 4 to be presented during this
stage - Months of February and March 1987.

o

Summary Report reviewing findings of the draft
analysis will be mailed to all groups/individuals
included on mailing list - early June 1987.

o

Press Release reporting findings of environmental
analysis and schedule for public input/hearings to
be submitted to all media listed in mailing list early June 1987.

o

Workshop Meeting to present videotape, discuss
environmental analysis findings, allow questions
and answers - Logan, late June 1987.

o

Public Hearing to present videotape and receive
testimony on draft environmental analysis - Logan,
July 1987; possible hearing in Ogden or Salt Lake
City, July 1987. Written testimony will be accepted for 30 days after last hearing.

6

�o

Written Summary of all public involvement activities, response, and issues will be prepared after
the activities of Phase 4 have been conducted August 1987.

All aspects of the public involvement program will remain
flexible since it must be responsive to the conduct of the
project and the needs of the community. Public involvement
activities will be announced in all press releases.
Public agencies indicating interest in the study will be
included in the public involvement activities.
In addition
to the U.S. Forest Service and Federal Highway Administration, other public agencies that will be involved in the
study include the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Bureau
of Air Quality, Bureau of Water Quality, Geological and
Mineral Survey, and Division of State History.
STUDY ORGANIZATION
In addition to personnel from CH2M HILL and Valley Engineering,
Inc., an interdisciplinary team has been established to provide
input and recommendations throughout the course of the study.
Study team members are listed below.
Team Leader

Stan Nuffer
CH2M HILL

Commission Representative

Todd Weston
Utah Dept. of Transportation

Highway Preconstruction
Engineer

Lynn Zollinger
Utah Dept. of Transportation

Environmental Engineer

John Neil
Utah Dept. of Transportation

Transportation Planning

Stan Nuffer
CH2M HILL

Recreation

Fred Labar
USFS, Logan

Geotechnical

Allan Stilley
Northern Engineering &amp; Testing

Public Involvement

Sheldon Barker
CH2M HILL

Representative a of the
Environmental Community

Jack Spence
Sierra Club

7

�Landscape Architecture

Clark Ostergaard
Wasatch/Cache Nat'l. Forest

Fisheries Biologist

Mark Shaw
Wasatch/Cache Nat'l. Forest

Ex-Officio

Duncan Silver
FHWA

aAlternate Environmental Community Representatives:
Rudy Lukez
Torn Lyon
Steve. Flint
Bill Helm

Sierra Club
Utah Wilderness Association
Bridgerland Audubon Assoc.
Unattached

QUESTIONS
Stan Nuffer
Sheldon Barker
Cliff Forsgren
CH2M HILL, Salt Lake City
(801) 363-0200

Contact:

Gale Larson
Valley Engineering Inc., Logan
(801) 753-0153

SLC79/d.402

8

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              <text>PROJECT INTRODUCTION  STUDY OF U.S. HIGHWAY 89 THROUGH LOGAN CANYON  UTAH DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION  PURPOSE  The Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) has the responsibility  of maintaining all state and federal highways in a  condition that will allow safe transportation. A number of  specific sites along U.S. Highway 89 in Logan Canyon have  been identified by UDOT as requiring repair in the near future  to provide safe transportation in the Canyon. Much of  the highway in the Canyon lies within the Cache National  Forest, which is administered by the U.S. Forest Service  (USFS) who must approve all work on the road beyond routine  maintenance. As a result of these currently needed repairs  and other perceived problems, UDOT and USFS have agreed that  an overall transportation plan for the Canyon is necessary  and that a comprehensive study of the possible problems and  needed repairs/improvements should be conducted rather than  examining each site independently as major problems occur.  To begin, UDOT selected CH2M HILL, a consulting firm of  Engineers, Planners, Economists, and Scientists with offices  in Salt Lake City and other communities throughout the country  to conduct the study. Valley Engineering, Inc. of Logan is  a major subcontractor.  This study has three major objectives:  o To identify locations on the road where problems  in safety, maintenance, road design, and capacity  occur, and to document these problems.  o To propose several alternative means, through repair  or improvements, to correct the problems.  o To conduct an analysis of the potential impacts of  the proposed alternatives on the environment.  BACKGROUND  This portion of U.S. 89 has been under scrutiny by UDOT for  some time because of congestion, accidents, and maintenance  problems. The highway has been on UDOT's schedule for improvement  since the late 1950s. In 1961, improvements were  made to the road between Logan and DeWitt Springs. In 1969,  the section between DeWitt Springs and Right Hand Fork was  improved. Pre-design work on improvements between Right  Hand Fork and Ricks Springs was completed in late 1968, but  following passage of the National Environmental Policy Act  1  (NEPA) in 1969, local concern showed the necessity to reevaluate  the project. The Federal Highway Administration  (FHWA) determined in 1972 that an environmental impact statement  (EIS) would be required for the project in accordance  with NEPA. At this time, the project consisted of improvements  to the road that would result in a 4-lane highway.  Considerable study of the project intended to conclude in a  draft EIS continued until April 1979. The original 4-lane  highway concept was discarded for one that would widen the  pavement from the existing 22 feet to 34 feet, provide a  5-foot cut ditch, and raise the design speed from 35 to  40 miles per hour. As a result of that change, the FHWA  reclassified the project to require only an environmental  assessment rather than a full EIS. Again, local concern  (involving the environmental community), over the reclassification  of the project resulted in the FHWA revising its  decision and requiring a full EIS for the project. Changes  to NEPA adopted by Congress in 1977 resulted in revision of  all federal agency guidelines for the preparation of EIS.  UDOT therefore suspended work on the EIS in 1980 to await  the new directives, and is now reactivating the process.  DESCRIPTION OF STUDY  The first task is to analyze travel constraints in the Canyon,  including safety, maintenance costs, points of substandard  design, and congestion. Accident reports will be reviewed  in an attempt to determine the cause, and accident rates  will be compared with those of comparable roads in the state.  Locations with abnormally high maintenance costs will be  evaluated. This analysis will include calculation of permile  costs for the entire length of road, identification of  specific sites of unusually high costs, and comparison of  these costs with statewide road maintenance costs. Highway  segments where the road geometrics may be inadequate for the  overall design speed will be inventoried and assessed. Finally,  the degree and occurrence of congestion on the road  will be determined by identifying the road capacity and  evaluating current traffic volumes. The level of service  that can be provided on the existing highway in year 2010,  with expected traffic increases, will be projected. A report  will be prepared explaining the findings of this part  of the study.  The second task will be to prepare a transportation plan for  the corridor, including up to six alternative concepts. The  alternatives will consider specific repairs or improvement  plans for sites where problems have been identified including  spot improvements, resurfacing, new signing, reconstruction  along the existing alignment, and widening of the existing  2  roadway between Right-Hand Fork and Garden City. Such  widening might include slow-moving vehicle lanes, passing  lanes, or minor alignment changes. From Bear Lake Summit to  Garden City, the plan will consider the location of two  totally new, alternative routes, one to the north of the  existing road and one to the south. Each alternative will  be evaluated in terms of costs and benefits, including construction  costs, reduction of travel time, vehicle and road  maintenance costs, safety, aesthetics, and recreational factors.  General environmental trade-offs and a comparison of engineering  requirements for each alternative will also be incorporated  into the technical report prepared upon com-pletion  of this study task.  Major geologic features of the study corridor will be identified  and a geotechnical analysis conducted. A description  of engineering conditions of the soils and geology as they  relate to possible construction and maintenance problems  will result from the analysis. Northern Engineering and  Testing of Salt Lake City is a subcontractor to CH2M HILL  for the geotechnical work.  An environmental analysis will then be conducted. A full  environmental impact statement may ultimately be required.  The environmental analysis will include participation of  interest groups, agencies, and the general public to identify  major issues to be investigated in the analysis. The  analysis will be based on literature review and field studies  and will identify possible impacts of each project  alternative and suggest mitigation measures.  SCHEDULE  Work on the project began in June and is expected to be completed  by June 1987, with the possible exception of some  public participation activities and completing the environmental  analysis. A study task schedule for major work in  each task is provided below.  Task 1  Task 2  Task 3  Task 4  Analysis of Transportation Need  Started early June 1986; complete August 1986  Location Studies/Transportation Plan  Begin early August 1986; complete late November  1986  Geotechnical Considerations  Begin early September 1986; complete late October  1986  Public Involvement  To be conducted throughout study duration  3  Task 5 Coordination  To be conducted throughout study duration  Task 6 Environmental Analysis  Started June 1986; complete late January 1987  Task 7 Preparation of Documents  Begin early January 1987; complete late May 1987  PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT/AGENCY COORDINATION  A public involvement plan based upon project milestones will  be implemented during the study. In addition to the program  proposed for each study milestone, the following activities  will occur continuously throughout the study:  o Maintenance of a Mailing List - all individuals  an~ interest groups requesting mailings will be  included on this list (list available upon request)  o Local Study Liaison - Valley Engineering, Inc. in  Logan will maintain copies of all informational  material on the study in its Logan office, and  will answer or refer questions to the appropriate  person. CH2M HILL will also perform this service  in its Salt Lake City office  o Local repositories for study materials will be  arranged at the Logan Public Library, Utah State  University Library, Garden City Municipal Offices,  and Salt Lake City Public Library. All informational  materials will also be available at Wasatch/  Cache National Forest offices in Ogden and at the  Utah Department of Transportation offices in Salt  Lake City  MILESTONE 1 - BEGINNING OF PROJECT  o Study Organization and Data Gathering and the  analysis of transportation needs began in early  June 1986.  o Interdisciplinary Team Organization - an interdisciplinary  team which includes representatives from  UDOT, USPS, FHWA, the environmental community and  CH2M HILL was organized in June 1986.  o Press Release to be submitted to all media included  on mailing list - week of July 28, 1986.  4  o Project Introduction - a detailed written explanation  of the history of this study, the reasons for  conducting this study, and the tasks to be conducted,  will be mailed to all groups/individuals  included on the mailing list - week of July 28,  1986.  MILESTONE 2 - COMPLETION OF TRANSPORTATION NEEDS ANALYSIS  The analysis and conclusions of this study should be close  to completion by mid August 1986.  o Press Release to be submitted to all media included  on mailing list - late August 1986.  o Summary Report of Findings/Fact Sheet will be  mailed to all groups/individuals on mailing list -  late August 1986.  o Town Meeting to discuss findings and answer  questions, to be held in Logan - early  September 1986.  o Meetings With Interest Groups as requested - following  town meeting - early September 1986.  o Written Summary of activities, response, and  issues will be prepared upon completion of åáthe  second phase of the public involvement program -  late September 1986.  MILESTONE 3 - COMPLETION OF ALTERNATIVES DEVELOPMENT  (Prior to environmental impact analysis) - This should occur  near the end of November.  o Press Release giving brief review of study findings  to date, explaining proposed alternatives, and  reviewing the proposed scoping activities will be  submitted to all media on the mailing list - late  November 1986.  o Fact Sheet giving detailed explanation of each  alternative with graphic illustration, explanation  of level of service provided by each, and general  advantages and disadvantages, will be sent to each  entry on mailing list - late November 1986.  o Meetings With Interest/Service Groups expressing  strong interest in the study will be held during  December to discuss the alternatives and identify  their concerns. A maximum of four such meeting  are planned, and as a result some groups might be  requested to meet together. Groups that request  such a meeting might include:  5  Sierra Club  Utah Wilderness Association  Bridgerland Audubon Society  Rich-Cache Tourist Council  Cache County Chamber of Commerce  Bear River Association of Governments  Bear Lake Convention and Visitors Bureau  Cache Economic Development Council  Civic/Service Clubs  o Town Meeting will be held in Logan to summarize  alternatives, report on concerns voiced by groups/  individuals, receive testimony on other concerns.  Issues to be addressed in environmental analysis  will be summarized - early January 1987.  o Press Release reviewing scoping process activities  and issues to be studied in environmental analysis  will be submitted to all media included on mailing  list - mid January 1987.  o Written Summary of all public involvement activities,  response, and issues will be prepared after  the activities of this phase have been conducted -  late January 1987.  MILESTONE 4 - COMPLETION OF DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENT  This milestone will occur approximately May 29, 1986.  o Videotape explaining the alternatives and discussing  the environmental tradeoffs will be developed  prior to Milestone 4 to be presented during this  stage - Months of February and March 1987.  o Summary Report reviewing findings of the draft  analysis will be mailed to all groups/individuals  included on mailing list - early June 1987.  o Press Release reporting findings of environmental  analysis and schedule for public input/hearings to  be submitted to all media listed in mailing list -  early June 1987.  o Workshop Meeting to present videotape, discuss  environmental analysis findings, allow questions  and answers - Logan, late June 1987.  o Public Hearing to present videotape and receive  testimony on draft environmental analysis - Logan,  July 1987; possible hearing in Ogden or Salt Lake  City, July 1987. Written testimony will be accepted  for 30 days after last hearing.  6  o Written Summary of all public involvement activities,  response, and issues will be prepared after  the activities of Phase 4 have been conducted -  August 1987.  All aspects of the public involvement program will remain  flexible since it must be responsive to the conduct of the  project and the needs of the community. Public involvement  activities will be announced in all press releases.  Public agencies indicating interest in the study will be  included in the public involvement activities. In addition  to the U.S. Forest Service and Federal Highway Administration,  other public agencies that will be involved in the  study include the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Bureau  of Air Quality, Bureau of Water Quality, Geological and  Mineral Survey, and Division of State History.  STUDY ORGANIZATION  In addition to personnel from CH2M HILL and Valley Engineering,  Inc., an interdisciplinary team has been established to provide  input and recommendations throughout the course of the study.  Study team members are listed below.  Team Leader  Commission Representative  Highway Preconstruction  Engineer  Environmental Engineer  Transportation Planning  Recreation  Geotechnical  Public Involvement  Representativea of the  Environmental Community  7  Stan Nuffer  CH2M HILL  Todd Weston  Utah Dept. of Transportation  Lynn Zollinger  Utah Dept. of Transportation  John Neil  Utah Dept. of Transportation  Stan Nuffer  CH2M HILL  Fred Labar  USFS, Logan  Allan Stilley  Northern Engineering &amp; Testing  Sheldon Barker  CH2M HILL  Jack Spence  Sierra Club  Landscape Architecture  Fisheries Biologist  Ex-Officio  Clark Ostergaard  Wasatch/Cache Nat'l. Forest  Mark Shaw  Wasatch/Cache Nat'l. Forest  Duncan Silver  FHWA  aAlternate Environmental  Sierra Club  Community Representatives:  Utah Wilderness Association  Bridgerland Audubon Assoc.  Unattached  Rudy Lukez  Torn Lyon  Steve. Flint  Bill Helm  QUESTIONS  Contact:  SLC79/d.402  8  Stan Nuffer  Sheldon Barker  Cliff Forsgren  CH2M HILL, Salt Lake City  (801) 363-0200  Gale Larson  Valley Engineering Inc., Logan  (801) 753-0153</text>
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                <text>Project introduction of the study of U.S. Highway 89 through Logan Canyon by the Utah Department of Transportation.</text>
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                <text>Inventory for the Utah Department of Transportation Thistle Flood photograph collection can be found at: &lt;a href="http://archives.utah.gov/research/inventories/25473.html"&gt;http://archives.utah.gov/research/inventories/25473.html&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the Utah State Archives, phone (801) 533-3535.</text>
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        <name>Bridges</name>
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        <name>Water and Water Rights</name>
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          <name>Digital Publisher</name>
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              <text>Digitized by: Utah State Archives and Records Service</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Inventory for the Utah Department of Transportation Thistle Flood photograph collection can be found at: &lt;a href="http://archives.utah.gov/research/inventories/25473.html"&gt;http://archives.utah.gov/research/inventories/25473.html&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <name>Rights Holder</name>
            <description>A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.</description>
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                <text>Utah State Archives and Records Service</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the Utah State Archives, phone (801) 533-3535.</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>image/jpeg</text>
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        <name>Glen Canyon</name>
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        <name>Public Works</name>
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        <name>Water and Water Rights</name>
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          <name>Digital Publisher</name>
          <description>List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online.</description>
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              <text>Digitized by: Utah State Archives and Records Service</text>
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          <description>Height of digital item in pixels</description>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                    <text>~UHMARY FACT SnEET
nIGHWAY U.S. 89 - LOGAN CANYON STUDY
NOVEMBER 1986

Utah Department of Transportation (UOOT)
CII2M IIILL Engineering Consultants

INTRODUCTION
UDOT has contracted with CH2M HILL for a study of US-89 in
Logan Canyon. The objective of the study is to evaluate
transportation needs, develop improvement alternatives and
to conduct an environmental evaluation of the alternative
concepts .
Findings of each step of this study will be
reported to the public through a public involvement program,
of which this fact sheet is a part. Previously circulated
information about this study is available at the Logan
Public Library, Utah State University Library and Valley
Engineering in Logan; U.S. Forest Service in Ogden; and CH2M
HILL and UOOT offices in Salt Lake City.
The purpose of this fact sheet is to report the preliminary
findings of the first task of the study. A report on the
preliminary identification of public concerns/issues regarding
potential improvements to U.S. Highway 89 in Logan Canyon
from Right Hand Fork east to Garden City is also included.
Questions about the following information or the project in
general may also be directed to Gale Larson, Valley Engineering, in Logan at 753-0153 or Cliff Forsgren, CH2M HILL, in
Salt Lake City at 363-0200.

Additionally, ~anual counts were taken at several points
within the canyon during 1986 to provide .ore detailed characteristics of the traffic flow.
Table 1 ahows the annual
average vehicles per day (AnT) and su~er average vehicles
per day on the road. Figure 1 shows the distribution of
traffic during the year, and Figure 2 shows the distribution
during the week.
Table 1
TRAFFIC VOLUME
U.S. 89 LOGAN CANYON
(CARD CUARD STATION)

RECORDED

The first task of the study, the determination of transportation needs on Highway 89 through the canyon, was to identify
existing roadway conditions; examine accident records for
the road; identify maintenance problems; identify traffic
volumes and characteristics; project future volumes; and
determine road capacity. The conclusions drawn from analyzing
this information include the location and nature of specific
highway safety hazards; the capability of the existing road
to carry present and future traffic volumes; and what problems exist that may keep the highway from functioning at a
reasonable operational level. This information will be the
basis for the second task of the study, the development of
alternative improvements, if improvements are found to be
needed.

Su~r

~:")J

2798
)022
)140
34(11
3400
)180

1)67

1927.
1907.
JROG
1013
1007
18&lt;10
17&lt;0
1773

1980
1981
1902 ••
1984~.

1985

.

AOT

(Vehicles Per O&lt;1l')

1774
155S
IG80

1973
197&lt;1
197 5
1976
1977
1978
19:'~

REPORT ON TRANSPORTATION NEEDS

.

Annual AnT
(Vehicles ~'cr Oa1':)

Year

)276

3424
)406
)503
)5)6

•• June. July and Augu sc
Adjusted to reflect difference in t~affic between C.Jrd
Guard Station where counter was originally installed and
the present location west of Garden City. The station was
moved in August of 1963.
1983 date!. ...·as not used .
Station moved to new location in
1983 ana oata is from two locatior.s.

EXISTING ROADWAY CONDITIONS
Design conditions of the road that affect traffic flow include cross-section elements, roadway curvature, roadway
gradient, and the width of and access to the highway rightof-way. These are generally referred to as roadway geometrics.
Data for cross-section elements show the road section between
Right Fork and Tony Grove as being well below standard in
terms of width of traffic lanes, shoulders, surfacing slopes,
and ditches.
The other sections, while below standard, are
not as seriously so.
Roadway curvature results in limited visibility and reduced
speeds.
The curves of each road section were categorized by
their recommended speed. The section from Right Fork to
Tony Grove ranked highest in the number of curves and in
their severity, followed by the section from the Cache-Rich
County line to Garden City. Gradient describes how fast a
highway climbs or descends in elevation. The section from
Tony Grove to Garden City has gradients of 6 to 7 percent
over 31 percent of its distance.
The majority of the road
from Logan to Tony Grove has gradients from 0 to 3 percent.

2' .9

r---

20

15

'"

12 . 0

0
t0

~

-

10 -

..,
..,
C

8 .2

,.---

0

SAFETY ANALYSIS

10 . 5

a..

The highway has been examined to identify specific locations,
or general conditions which may be contributing to traffic
accidents in the Canyon. To do this, the consultant examined
the number, type and location of accidents in the study section
from 1980 thrugh 1985. The hgihway was divided into 374 sections of 0.10 mile each. The average number of accidents
per year for each section were then computed. Those sections
with significantly higher than average accident rates (accidents/
year) are being considered for safety related improvements.
There are 16 sections in this category.

~.o

5

I---

l .6

0

1.6

F

l.a

~
l .4

~

M

A

M

A

S

0

N

l .S
~

0

Month of Yeac

MAINTENANCE FACTORS
Keeping the road open in winter is the single greatest maintenance problem faced in Logan Canyon.
In the narrower parts
of the canyon, there is nowhere to push the snow but into
the river.
Where snow can be plowed to only one side of the
road, plows must move across both traffic lanes. This creates
a potential safety hazard, particularly when coupled with
low visibility due to curves and snow. Winds and steep slopes
in the canyon also create maintenance problems with drifting
and slides.
Some flooding along the road occurs occasionally
during spring runoff.
TRAFFIC VOLUMES, CHARACTERISTICS, AND PROJECTIONS
Traffic volumes for Logan Canyon were obtain ed from the permanent counting station located at Card Ranger ~tation from
1974 to 1983, and just west of Garden City from 1983 on.

FIGURE
U.S. 89 LOGAN CANYON
PERCENT OF AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC
OY MONTI!
1984'-1985

These figures show that the road is heavily travelled in
summer (53.1 percent of the total from June through August)
and on weekends (53 percent of the total on Fridays, Saturdays, and Sundays). This indicates orientation of the road
to recreational traffic.

�20

.".'

, • •1

r---

t--

15 S . - r Count s

'l.8

r---

0

" ,)

t-

O

1-29

~r---

r---

1\Je8.

~

'2 . 0

~

2:..2~
2iJ!!
~

8 - 13

Wed .

8 - 16

Sat

~

~

~

~

RIght Fork Road (W)

25)4

5)l1

2144

2881

5306

56'4

Right fork Ro.d (E)

2389

5081

2581

7110

S035

SJJ1

Tony Grove Road (W)

2221

4896

2485

2609

4193

5081

Tony Grove Road (E)

2130

4666

2317

2496

4588

4863

S.... lt - Slnks Road (II)

10

2014

4445

2217

2391

4261

45 23

4351

2239

2351

4148

4391

2225

~

4187

4448

C
C&gt;

U

~

a..

5 -

s.-lt - :Hnks Road (E)

o

1991

Pe.,...nent Sta ti on

~-S-U-H--~M-O-H--+--T-U~€-4~W-€-O--~-r-"U--+--F-n-'~--S-A-T~

(e)

(e)

(e)

(e)

105

24 hr as percent of 16 hr

Oay of Week

Permanent station as percent of
Right Fork (W)
["IGUHE 2
89 LOGI\N CANYOtl
PERCENT OF AVERAGE DI\ILY TRAFFIC
OY DAY
1984-1985
U. S.

Data collected from manual counts at the Right Fork intersection, Tony Grove intersection, Reaver Mountain intersection, and Summit (Sinks Road), showed:
o

Composition of the traffic by vehicle type (car,
light truck, heavy truck)

79

(a)

(w) Indicates total traffic on west leg of intersection
(E) Indicates total traffic on east leg of intersection
24-hour counts for the manual count stations were
computed using the ratio of the 24-hour to the IO-hour counts at
the permanent station .
(c ) The permanent counter west of Garden City was not
operating on 7-29 and 8-2 .

(b)

Distribution of traffic by direction of travel
(east/west)

o

81

Variance in traffic volume between Right Fork and
Garden City,

o

106

Table 2 shows the variation in traffic volume over the entire
project route.
It can be seen that in winter, counts at the
permanent station near the east end of the route were less
than half the volumes at the west end of the route (34 percent and 44 percent). This indicates that there is/are substantial traffic generators (origins/destinations) within
the canyon - Beaver Mountain ski area, cross-country skiing,
snow mobiling and other winter recreation destinations.
The
summer volumes also show lower volumes on the east end than
on the west end of the route, (81 percent and 79 percent).
Since the summer time east end volumes are closer to west
end volumes than in winter, this suggests that recreation
within the canyon is less of a traffic generator in summer
than in winter. Most summer traffic in the Canyon is
through traffic.

Table 3 gives the percentage composition of tra!fic by vehicle
type at three counting stations. Passenger cars and light
trucks can be grouped together since their operation is
similar. The relatively high percentage of recreation
vehicles and trucks combined have significant consequences
for a two-lane road with many locations of limited sightdistance for passing and considerable road gradient (see
Roadway Conditions).

TalJle)
U.S. 89 r.ocAN CMYON
TRAFFIC COMPOSITION
(Percent)

Hid Week
Pass'enger Car
r.i9ht: Truck, Van
G Wheel Truck
lIeavy Truck
Recreat:ional Veh.

Table 2
U.S. 89 LOGAN CANYON
TRAFFIC VOLUME VARIATION

Wint~r

Right: t-'ork
52
J3

~

GI~ OVC

Sun.... it:

, ~

52
30

5S
30
1
2
12

S)

S8
29
.S
.5
12

51
)0
.S
_S
12

1
)

11

I)

56

56
)0
.S

)1

12

Weekend

Counts
2-22 ::;aturda:i

2-25

Tuesda:i

hr(a)
~E. 24

]0 hr

Passengec Car
Li9ht Truck, Van
G Wheel Truck
lIeavy Truck
Recreat:ional Veh.

11

_5
.5
12

•S
13

24 hr

Right Fork Road (W) (a)

1176

] 541

848

1111

(a)

1170

]533

83]

]089

]041

1364

712

932

55R

731

382

500

530

~

Right Fork Road

(E)

Beilver Mountain Road (W)
Beaver Mountain Roarl

fE)

Permanent Stilt ion

.-!Qi

:!4 hr as percent of 10 hr
Permanent

~tation

of Right Fork {WI

~

131

] 3]

34

44

as percent

Because of economic and other considerations, highways are
normally not designed to accommodate the highest hours of
traffic volume during the year, which .ay happen infrequently,
but instead are designed for a lower volume hour that occurs
.ore often.
UDOT nor.ally uses the 30th highest hourly volume
for the design hour volume (DIN). As is shown in Figure J,
the 30th highest volume hour for this study road segment is
consistent with hourly volumes immediately above and below
it, so little would be gained by choosing a different hourly
volume for the DIiV. The 30th highest hourly volume, about
14 percent of the average summer traffic, will therefore he
used as the hourly volume for which any improvements will be
designed.

�30,-------~r_------_r--------~--------r_------_y------__,

CAPACITY ANALYSIS

".

Highway capacity analysis is the estimation of the maximum
amount of traffic that can be carried by a given length of
highway at various operational qualities. Six categories of
road operational quality are defined as Levels of Service
(LOS) "A" through "F", "A" being the best operational conditions, F being the worst. Criteria for levels of service
address the freedom to move along a roadway without interference from other vehicles. Once estimated; these road
capacities can be compared with existing and projected
traffic volumes to determine the current and future ability
of the road to carry the traffic.

2S

The methodology used to analyze the traffic capacity of
U.S. 89 through the canyon is published in the Transportation Research Board report, "Highway Capacity Manual, Special
Report 209." A "general terrain" methodology, which is based

.a ·+----------jl -------~------~

-------~ .--------_I-------___l

Table 4
CAPACITY .AT EACtI LEVEL OF SERVICE
FOR LOGAN CANYON
PRESENT ROAOWAY CONDITIONS

0~--------~--------+--------1---------_I -------_4--------~
10
30
.0
o
GO
20
50
'~ighest

Hours of the Year

lEGEND

o

Level of
Service

or .JUNE.
""UlY AHO AUCUSf fHAF"ee

Segment
1

Maximum Vehicles Per lIour
Segment
Segment
2
3

.AVI[AAGE

a

A

FIGURE )
HIGHEST SOURLY VOWMES AS PERCENT
OF SU~~~R AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC

53

68

n

191

174

165
267

C

'010

I
I

I

~

&lt;

Q

V

V

/

V

Y
I

I
I

538

461

1508

1152

10~6

on average terrain, geOMetrics and traffic conditions, vas
applied to the highway study aection. For conditions above
or below the average of these elements, the capacity was
increased or decreased.
Under ideal operational conditions,
capacity for a two-lane road is 2,800 vehicles per hour (vph).
The results of the analysis are given in Table 4.

YEAR

It~O

306

629

E

Various techniques are used to project future traffic volumes.
All techniques rely on certain assumptions to provide the
basis of the forecast.
This study selected a past trends
technique, which assumes that the trend established by past
changes in traffic volume will generally continue into the
future.
Forecasts prepared using this method show an
increase in summer traffic volume of approximately
2 percent. The summer ADT in the year 2010 is projected to
be approximately 5800, a 75 percent increase over the
present.
Figure 4 shows that these figures compare very
favorably to projections based on the current baseline
population projections for the Wasatch Front and Bear River
areas developed by the State of Utah. These areas are projected to experience population increases averaging 1.95 percent compounded annually.
Using a projected annual growth
rate of 1.95 percent, the ADT in Logan Canyon at the Card
Guard Station would increase from 3,276 vehicles per day in
1980 to 5,847 vehicles per day in 2010. A summer ADT of
5,800 will therefore be used as the projected ADT for this
study.

386

D

U.S. 89 LOGAN CANYON

By comparing these capacities with the selected design hour
volume (DIN) based on present summer traffic volumes of
between 370 and 425 vehicles per hour (vph) and a OHV based
on projected summer traffic volumes of 545 to 627 vph, it
can be seen in Table 5 that the road is currently operating
during the summer at Level of Service D. By 2005, summer
operational conditions will have deteriorated in all segments
of the road to Level of Service E. This means that the road
is currently over its capacity to carry its traffic without
substantial delays occurring 75 percent or more of the time.
With future traffic volumes, delays on the road can be expected more than 75 percent of the time.
CONCLUSIONS ABOUT TRANSPORTATION NEEDS
An examination of highway characteristics for the study section
of road suggests that the high number of curves resulting in
limited visibility, which prevents passing, and substandard
lane and shoulder widths are the greatest cause of the capacity
problem. The large proportion of recreational vehicles and
other slower vehicles of the total traffic volume is also a
significant contributor to the problem that may increase in
the future.
If it is desirable to accommodate present and projected
vehicle loads in Logan Canyon through the year 2010 at a
level of service higher than "OW or WE," it will be necessary to improve problem areas of the roadway in some manner.
This can best be accomplished by increasing passing opportunities and widening traffic lanes and shoulders, thus
helping to prevent the formation of vehicle platoons and
allowing traffic to move more freely through the canyon.

I
I
lEGENO
ECONOMIC' POPUlAT ION ,IIENO
9"5EO FOAEC"ST

nGURE 4

PAST TAENO 8"S£ 0 fOil£C"Sl

US - 59 PAST TREND VS ECONOMC
AND POPULATlO~ ADT FORECAST

Specific methods of achieving these improvements will be
developed in the next step of the study, the development of
improvement alternatives.

�Table :;
LEVEL or SERVICE AT PROJECTED
DESIGN HOUR VOLUMES (OHVl
PR.ESENT ROAOW~Y CONDITION

1990

1985

Segment

2000

1995

2010

2005

OHV

LOS

OHV

LOS

~

LOS

OHV

LOS

OHV

~

OHV

LOS

425

0

469

0

S17

0

569

0

627

O-E

690

t

389

0

428

0

472

0

519

0

S72

630

E

)70

~

0

408

0

&lt;449

0

495

545

600

PRELIMINARY REPORT ON ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND CONCERNS
On August 26, the environmental and engineering staff of
CH2M HILL working on the Logan Canyon project toured the
Highway 89 study section with representatives of various
local enviro~ntal groups and the U.S. Forest Service. The
purpose of the tour was for the engineering consultant to
gain a preliminary understanding of what environmental issues
and concerns need to be considered in the development of
improvement plans for the canyon.
The following s\l~ary of the findings is preliminary because
other opportunit1es for public input regardi.ng environmental
~oncerns will occur prior to the selection of the preferred
~mprovement alternatives and prior to the environmental analysis of the project. Nevertheless, it is important for the
consultant to be aware, prior to any development of improvement alternatives, what are considered to be the most important and sensitive environmental resources of the canyon.
During the tour, it was suggested by some present that the
Canyon should be treated as a recreational corridor (a destination) rather than as a transportation link (a conduit
for traffic). Recreational use of the corridor should be
given priority over transportation use whenever a decision
involving trade-offs is to be made in the study. Recreational
use . d~a~s with visual resources, fishery habitat, recreational
fac11~t1es, vegetation, and possibly other environmental
elements.
It was also pointed out that a special ambience exists in
the lower part of the study route (Right Fork to below Lower
Twin Bridge), created by the narrm" canyon walls, sheer rock
cliffs, and tree canopy. Although the existing highway has
been constructed through the canyon, other signs of human
alteration are minimal. A number of specific elements that
contribute to this overall ambience were identified.

o

Visual - . concern regarding road cuts and fills;
destruct~on of focal points and existing fields of
v~ew; introduction of artificial features; imposit10n of human alterations upon a relatively natura).
setting

o

Recreation - protection of campgrounds, picnic
areas and features of interest (springs, caves,
etc.); provision of necessary facilities at interest points (parking, restrooms, etc.); bicycle
safety; protection of fisheries
•

o

River Protection - as a visual element; as a water
body; as fishery habitat; as a recreational resource

The tour progressed through the canyon from Logan to Bear
Lake viewpoint w~t~ stops a~ong the way to address specific
concerns ~t sens~t1ve locat~ons where road improvements were
proposed 1n the past. The area from Right Fork to Tony Grove,
the summit, and the Bear Lake viewpoint are the locations on
the route that are most sensitive.
Concern was cited that slopes in the lower canyon are so
steep that cuts for the purpose of road widening can result
in serious slope instability and slides. Avalanches can
also be a problem in winter.
Installation of guardrails in
some places on the road has decreased site distance, cutting
utilization of the few good passing locations.
In other
locations, their installation has eliminated views of the
river.
As additional concerns and issues relating to possible road
improvements in the canyon become identified, they will be
reported in project fact sheets, press releases, and public
meetings.

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              <text>To order photocopies, scans, or prints of this item for fair use purposes, please see Utah State University's Reproduction Order Form at: &lt;a href="https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php"&gt;https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Summary fact sheet Highway 89, 1986</text>
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                <text>Four page fact sheet of the Logan Canyon Study from November 1986 by Utah Department of Transportation and CH2M HILL summarizing the area's transportation needs, roadway conditions, safety, and maintenance. Also included are graphs and tables detailing the percent of daily traffic, and current and projected service level capacities.</text>
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                <text>Utah Department of Transportation</text>
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                <text> CH2M Hill (Firm : Salt Lake City, Utah)</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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              <elementText elementTextId="73435">
                <text>Logan Canyon (Utah)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="73436">
                <text> United States Highway 89</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="73437">
                <text> Utah</text>
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                <text> Roadside improvement--Utah--Logan Canyon</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="73439">
                <text> Roads--Design and construction</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="73440">
                <text> Logan Canyon Study</text>
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                <text>Utah Department of Transportation</text>
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                <text>1905-06-08</text>
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                <text>Logan Canyon (Utah)</text>
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                <text> Utah</text>
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                <text> United States</text>
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                <text>1980-1989</text>
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                <text> 20th century</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="73451">
                <text>Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Senator John P. Holmgren papers, 1985-1989, COLL MSS 133 Box 10 Folder 6</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="73452">
                <text>View the inventory for this collection at: &lt;a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv07669"&gt;http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv07669&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Inventory for the Utah Department of Transportation Thistle Flood photograph collection can be found at: &lt;a href="http://archives.utah.gov/research/inventories/25229.html"&gt;http://archives.utah.gov/research/inventories/25229.html&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Utah State Archives and Records Service, Official Photographs: Thistle Disaster Documentation, Series 25229, Box 1, Folder 46</text>
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                <text>Inventory for the Utah Department of Transportation Thistle Flood photograph collection can be found at: &lt;a href="http://archives.utah.gov/research/inventories/25229.html"&gt;http://archives.utah.gov/research/inventories/25229.html&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Utah State Archives and Records Service, Official Photographs: Thistle Disaster Documentation, Series 25229, Box 1, Folder 62</text>
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                <text>Inventory for the Utah Department of Transportation Thistle Flood photograph collection can be found at: &lt;a href="http://archives.utah.gov/research/inventories/25229.html"&gt;http://archives.utah.gov/research/inventories/25229.html&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the Utah State Archives, phone (801) 533-3535.</text>
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        <name>Public Works</name>
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        <name>Spanish Fork Canyon</name>
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        <name>Thistle</name>
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              <text>To order photocopies, scans, or prints of this item for fair use purposes, please contact the Utah State Archives History Research Center at: &lt;a href="http://archives.utah.gov/research/index.html"&gt;http://archives.utah.gov/research/index.html&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Flood Debris at Thistle Lake on April 18, 1983</text>
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                <text>This image documents the Thistle Flood that began in April 1983 with a massive mud slide that created an earthen dam, blocking the flow of the Spanish Fork River. In addition to severing Highway 89 as a transportation route, the dam destroyed the Denver and Rio Grande Western railroad tracks, cutting off the railroad link between Salt Lake and Denver. As flood waters rose, the town of Thistle (located on Highway 89) was inundated with the water that would form Thistle Lake. Massive construction efforts were made between 1983 and 1984 to reconstruct rail and road lines, as well as divert and drain water from Thistle Lake into the nearby Spanish Fork River. </text>
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                <text>Utah Department of Transportation</text>
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                <text>US 89 (Utah County)--Photographs</text>
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                <text>Utah State Archives and Records Service, Official Photographs: Thistle Disaster Documentation, Series 25229, Box 1, Folder 2, Photo 83034-6.</text>
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                <text>Inventory for the Utah Department of Transportation Thistle Flood photograph collection can be found at: &lt;a href="http://archives.utah.gov/research/inventories/25229.html"&gt;http://archives.utah.gov/research/inventories/25229.html&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the Utah State Archives, phone (801) 533-3535.</text>
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