14 50 1396 https://highway89.org/files/original/a7d1bcfe5a5e756e7f1855a042906a6b.jpg 368fb1a79d36b11d16cd59a9fa2f0427 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Salt Lake County Archives Conversion Specs Scanned by Salt Lake County Archives using Epson GT-15000 scanner, at 400 dpi. Display file is JPG. Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2014 Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies or scans of this item, please contact Salt Lake County Archives at: http://admin.slco.org/archives/resFees.aspx Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hardee's restaurant at 162 South State Street in Salt Lake City, UT. Description An account of the resource Hardee's restaurant at 162 South State Street. Image taken in 1980s. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Salt Lake County (Utah). Assessor's Office Subject The topic of the resource State Street (Salt Lake City, Utah) Salt Lake County (Utah)--History Tax Assessment-Utah Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs Color photographs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980-1989 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Salt Lake County (Utah) State Street (Salt Lake City, Utah) United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980-1989 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Salt Lake County Archives, Tax Appraisal Cards and Photographs Collection. Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://admin.slco.org/archives/resPHtaxAppraisalCards.aspx Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Salt Lake County Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource No copyright is held. Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is permissible. Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SLCO_1_2529b.jpg Highway 89 Restaurants https://highway89.org/files/original/d300b3cf43bd29cfa8ed3cb1a86427cd.jpg 77c22d6a41181bd61a755216a1c5aba8 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Salt Lake County Archives Conversion Specs Scanned by Salt Lake County Archives using Epson GT-15000 scanner, at 400 dpi. Display file is JPG. Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2014 Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies or scans of this item, please contact Salt Lake County Archives at: http://admin.slco.org/archives/resFees.aspx Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Store at 237 South State Street in Salt Lake City, UT. Description An account of the resource Store at 237 South State Street. Image taken in 1981. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Salt Lake County (Utah). Assessor's Office Subject The topic of the resource State Street (Salt Lake City, Utah) Salt Lake County (Utah)--History Tax Assessment-Utah Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs Black and white photographs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Salt Lake County (Utah) State Street (Salt Lake City, Utah) United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980-1989 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Salt Lake County Archives, Tax Appraisal Cards and Photographs Collection. Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://admin.slco.org/archives/resPHtaxAppraisalCards.aspx Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Salt Lake County Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource No copyright is held. Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is permissible. Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SLCO_01B_0079.jpg Highway 89 Stores & Shops https://highway89.org/files/original/827b989a1f391115663a669dc17bc89a.jpg 68f0c44282415b553afae37868ee13a2 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Salt Lake County Archives Conversion Specs Scanned by Salt Lake County Archives using Epson GT-15000 scanner, at 400 dpi. Display file is JPG. Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2014 Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies or scans of this item, please contact Salt Lake County Archives at: http://admin.slco.org/archives/resFees.aspx Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Store at 245 South State Street in Salt Lake City, UT. Description An account of the resource Store at 245 South State Street. Image taken in 1981. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Salt Lake County (Utah). Assessor's Office Subject The topic of the resource State Street (Salt Lake City, Utah) Salt Lake County (Utah)--History Tax Assessment-Utah Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs Black and white photographs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Salt Lake County (Utah) State Street (Salt Lake City, Utah) United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980-1989 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Salt Lake County Archives, Tax Appraisal Cards and Photographs Collection. Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://admin.slco.org/archives/resPHtaxAppraisalCards.aspx Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Salt Lake County Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource No copyright is held. Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is permissible. Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SLCO_01B_0078.jpg Highway 89 Stores & Shops https://highway89.org/files/original/77fe7c56c610f14d75b4450981bb3e1c.jpg 3b598b55c375855fd5d396751b68c736 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Salt Lake County Archives Conversion Specs Scanned by Salt Lake County Archives using Epson GT-15000 scanner, at 400 dpi. Display file is JPG. Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2014 Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies or scans of this item, please contact Salt Lake County Archives at: http://admin.slco.org/archives/resFees.aspx Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Stores at 215 South State Street in Salt Lake City, UT. Description An account of the resource Stores at 215 South State Street. Image taken in the 1980s. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Salt Lake County (Utah). Assessor's Office Subject The topic of the resource State Street (Salt Lake City, Utah) Salt Lake County (Utah)--History Tax Assessment-Utah Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs Black and white photographs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980-1989 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Salt Lake County (Utah) State Street (Salt Lake City, Utah) United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980-1989 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Salt Lake County Archives, Tax Appraisal Cards and Photographs Collection. Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://admin.slco.org/archives/resPHtaxAppraisalCards.aspx Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Salt Lake County Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource No copyright is held. Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is permissible. Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SLCO_01B_0076.jpg Highway 89 Stores & Shops https://highway89.org/files/original/dfef84b6e74488e26ebff74468f94bce.jpg a4769bb73601766f7632cc54d2741748 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Salt Lake County Archives Conversion Specs Scanned by Salt Lake County Archives using Epson GT-15000 scanner, at 400 dpi. Display file is JPG. Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2014 Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies or scans of this item, please contact Salt Lake County Archives at: http://admin.slco.org/archives/resFees.aspx Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wolfe's Outlet Store at 255 South State Street in Salt Lake City, UT. Description An account of the resource Wolfe's Outlet Store at 255 South State Street. Image taken in 1978. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Salt Lake County (Utah). Assessor's Office Subject The topic of the resource State Street (Salt Lake City, Utah) Salt Lake County (Utah)--History Tax Assessment-Utah Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs Black and white photographs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1978 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Salt Lake County (Utah) State Street (Salt Lake City, Utah) United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Salt Lake County Archives, Tax Appraisal Cards and Photographs Collection. Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://admin.slco.org/archives/resPHtaxAppraisalCards.aspx Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Salt Lake County Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource No copyright is held. Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is permissible. Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SLCO_01B_0075.jpg Highway 89 Stores & Shops https://highway89.org/files/original/b4c38f8b0a9066bcb04a27174ea67438.jpg fedf43a9ed08043e38c866a4ea1a81ea Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Salt Lake County Archives Conversion Specs Scanned by Salt Lake County Archives using Epson GT-15000 scanner, at 400 dpi. Display file is JPG. Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2014 Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies or scans of this item, please contact Salt Lake County Archives at: http://admin.slco.org/archives/resFees.aspx Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Stores at 245 South State Street in Salt Lake City, UT. Description An account of the resource Stores at 245 South State Street. Image taken in the 1940s. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Salt Lake County (Utah). Assessor's Office Subject The topic of the resource State Street (Salt Lake City, Utah) Salt Lake County (Utah)--History Tax Assessment-Utah Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs Black and white photographs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940-1949 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Salt Lake County (Utah) State Street (Salt Lake City, Utah) United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1940-1949 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Salt Lake County Archives, Tax Appraisal Cards and Photographs Collection. Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://admin.slco.org/archives/resPHtaxAppraisalCards.aspx Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Salt Lake County Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource No copyright is held. Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is permissible. Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SLCO_01_2111 Highway 89 Stores & Shops https://highway89.org/files/original/e0e0bd9cf1743e0cb7b48b33ad01a6a0.jpg f07931dadadc4243a885bde131f337e0 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Salt Lake County Archives Conversion Specs Scanned by Salt Lake County Archives using Epson GT-15000 scanner, at 400 dpi. Display file is JPG. Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2014 Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies or scans of this item, please contact Salt Lake County Archives at: http://admin.slco.org/archives/resFees.aspx Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Stores at 237 South State Street in Salt Lake City, UT. Description An account of the resource Stores at 245 South State Street. Image taken in the 1940s. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Salt Lake County (Utah). Assessor's Office Subject The topic of the resource State Street (Salt Lake City, Utah) Salt Lake County (Utah)--History Tax Assessment-Utah Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs Black and white photographs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940-1949 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Salt Lake County (Utah) State Street (Salt Lake City, Utah) United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1940-1949 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Salt Lake County Archives, Tax Appraisal Cards and Photographs Collection. Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://admin.slco.org/archives/resPHtaxAppraisalCards.aspx Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Salt Lake County Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource No copyright is held. Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is permissible. Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SLCO_01_2112 Highway 89 Stores & Shops https://highway89.org/files/original/d85cd2f3c216d984dd9de86476dd4977.jpg bf7c0f2fd126abfe4abb6676e4606d87 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Salt Lake County Archives Conversion Specs Scanned by Salt Lake County Archives using Epson GT-15000 scanner, at 400 dpi. Display file is JPG. Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2014 Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies or scans of this item, please contact Salt Lake County Archives at: http://admin.slco.org/archives/resFees.aspx Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Stores at 10985 South State Street in Sandy, UT. Description An account of the resource Stores at 10985 South State Street. Image taken in the 1970s. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Salt Lake County (Utah). Assessor's Office Subject The topic of the resource State Street (Salt Lake City, Utah) Salt Lake County (Utah)--History Tax Assessment-Utah Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs Black and white photographs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970-1979 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Salt Lake County (Utah) State Street (Salt Lake City, Utah) United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Salt Lake County Archives, Tax Appraisal Cards and Photographs Collection. Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://admin.slco.org/archives/resPHtaxAppraisalCards.aspx Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Salt Lake County Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource No copyright is held. Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is permissible. Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SLCO_35A_37 Highway 89 Stores & Shops https://highway89.org/files/original/2bc705c17169057f35f2c8daa0d808eb.jpg 5d708c88f6ef7c9cf3ac0e3ec3ecd898 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Salt Lake County Archives Conversion Specs Scanned by Salt Lake County Archives using Epson GT-15000 scanner, at 400 dpi. Display file is JPG. Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2014 Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies or scans of this item, please contact Salt Lake County Archives at: http://admin.slco.org/archives/resFees.aspx Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Residences at 259-263 North State Street in Salt Lake City, UT. Description An account of the resource Residences at 259-263 North State Street. Image taken in the 1940s. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Salt Lake County (Utah). Assessor's Office Subject The topic of the resource State Street (Salt Lake City, Utah) Salt Lake County (Utah)--History Tax Assessment-Utah Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs Black and white photographs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940-1949 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Salt Lake County (Utah) State Street (Salt Lake City, Utah) United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1940-1949 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Salt Lake County Archives, Tax Appraisal Cards and Photographs Collection. Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://admin.slco.org/archives/resPHtaxAppraisalCards.aspx Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Salt Lake County Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource No copyright is held. Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is permissible. Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SLCO_04_2344a Highway 89 Residences https://highway89.org/files/original/f7a689d0c1aa6cef8c817271463740c2.jpg e4a3c6459cadcf19221fc5eaa9d4d0f4 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Salt Lake County Archives Conversion Specs Scanned by Salt Lake County Archives using Epson GT-15000 scanner, at 400 dpi. Display file is JPG. Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2014 Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies or scans of this item, please contact Salt Lake County Archives at: http://admin.slco.org/archives/resFees.aspx Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Residences at 259-263 North State Street in Salt Lake City, UT. Description An account of the resource Residences at 259-263 North State Street. Image taken in the 1950s. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Salt Lake County (Utah). Assessor's Office Subject The topic of the resource State Street (Salt Lake City, Utah) Salt Lake County (Utah)--History Tax Assessment-Utah Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs Black and white photographs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1950-1959 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Salt Lake County (Utah) State Street (Salt Lake City, Utah) United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1950-1959 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Salt Lake County Archives, Tax Appraisal Cards and Photographs Collection. Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://admin.slco.org/archives/resPHtaxAppraisalCards.aspx Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Salt Lake County Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource No copyright is held. Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is permissible. Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SLCO_04_2344b Highway 89 Residences https://highway89.org/files/original/cef692bb827d1e7e88c9743ffa7116fd.jpg b7d67c21f060399dc410a27ab8fddbea Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Salt Lake County Archives Conversion Specs Scanned by Salt Lake County Archives using Epson GT-15000 scanner, at 400 dpi. Display file is JPG. Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2014 Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies or scans of this item, please contact Salt Lake County Archives at: http://admin.slco.org/archives/resFees.aspx Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Residences at 259-263 North State Street in Salt Lake City, UT. Description An account of the resource Residences at 259-263 North State Street. Image taken on December 8, 1986. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Salt Lake County (Utah). Assessor's Office Subject The topic of the resource State Street (Salt Lake City, Utah) Salt Lake County (Utah)--History Tax Assessment-Utah Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs Black and white photographs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986-12-08 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Salt Lake County (Utah) State Street (Salt Lake City, Utah) United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980-1989 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Salt Lake County Archives, Tax Appraisal Cards and Photographs Collection. Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://admin.slco.org/archives/resPHtaxAppraisalCards.aspx Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Salt Lake County Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource No copyright is held. Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is permissible. Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SLCO_04_2344c Highway 89 Residences https://highway89.org/files/original/07ddeec4784d47964717cc162ec08fd6.jpg 5392c41f4572926b9d1d0cf399039563 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Salt Lake County Archives Conversion Specs Scanned by Salt Lake County Archives using Epson GT-15000 scanner, at 400 dpi. Display file is JPG. Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2014 Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies or scans of this item, please contact Salt Lake County Archives at: http://admin.slco.org/archives/resFees.aspx Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Residences at 259-263 North State Street in Salt Lake City, UT. Description An account of the resource Residences at 259-263 North State Street. Image taken on May 14, 1986. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Salt Lake County (Utah). Assessor's Office Subject The topic of the resource State Street (Salt Lake City, Utah) Salt Lake County (Utah)--History Tax Assessment-Utah Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs Black and white photographs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986-05-14 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Salt Lake County (Utah) State Street (Salt Lake City, Utah) United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980-1989 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Salt Lake County Archives, Tax Appraisal Cards and Photographs Collection. Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://admin.slco.org/archives/resPHtaxAppraisalCards.aspx Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Salt Lake County Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource No copyright is held. Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is permissible. Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SLCO_04_2344d Highway 89 Residences https://highway89.org/files/original/e953b331f84e3c9692b848e10d0a997c.jpg e58128b9b27cd5d2b940c880440551b8 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 2061 Image Width Image Width in pixels 2643 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example RGB Checksum 0x10E8BB3C File Size Size of the file in bytes. 8031.316 KB Conversion Specs jp2 image created using CONTENTdm Acquisition Station version 4.2 JPEG2000 extention software Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2004-07 Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/Savage/id/932">http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/Savage/id/932</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Salt Palace, Salt Lake Description An account of the resource A woman standing by a pond, the Salt Palace behind her. Written on front- OK Pond Salt Palace Salt Lake. Hand tinted. Note: Written on back- Transferred from Tammen P-167. Probably photographed by Charles R. Savage. Original is a Collodion Cabinet- 4 1/4 x 6 1/2 in. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Savage, C. R. (Charles Roscoe), 1832-1909 Subject The topic of the resource Salt Palace (Salt Lake City, Utah : 1899-1910) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs Cabinet photographs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1900 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Salt Palace (Salt Lake City, Utah : 1899-1910) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1890-1899 19th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, MSS P 24 Item 316 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. <a href="http://lib.byu.edu/EAD/XML/MSSP24.xml">http://lib.byu.edu/EAD/XML/MSSP24.xml</a> Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, L. Tom Perry Special Collections Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Courtesy L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Charles R. Savage Photograph Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 316_MSS_P_24_B2_F13.jpg Highway 89 Salt Lake City https://highway89.org/files/original/8dad1337aea81902891e81e77db7f387.jpg 56d1f10631fc3acc33e5391ac345308f Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 2214 Image Width Image Width in pixels 3466 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example RGB Checksum 0x1CA980FD File Size Size of the file in bytes. 9908.287 KB Conversion Specs jp2 image created using CONTENTdm Acquisition Station version 4.2 JPEG2000 extention software Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2004-07 Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/Savage/id/1003">http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/Savage/id/1003</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Main St., Ogden, Utah, C.R. Savage, Salt Lake. Description An account of the resource A tree- lined dirt road on one side of railroad tracks buildings and a dirt road are on the other side. Back label- C.R. Savage, Art Bazar...Medals...1891. Original is an Albumen Boudoir- 5 5/16 x 8 1/2 in. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Savage, C. R. (Charles Roscoe), 1832-1909 Subject The topic of the resource Ogden (Utah) Streets--Utah Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs Boudoir Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Art Bazar, Salt Lake City Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1875-1890 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Ogden (Utah) Weber County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1870-1879 1880-1889 19th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, MSS P 24 Item 412 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. <a href="http://lib.byu.edu/EAD/XML/MSSP24.xml">http://lib.byu.edu/EAD/XML/MSSP24.xml</a> Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, L. Tom Perry Special Collections Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Courtesy L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Charles R. Savage Photograph Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jp2 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 968421514112005_412_MssP24_B3_F7.jpg Highway 89 Main Street Ogden https://highway89.org/files/original/53b0901b89a4574ee3053522acacb362.jpg d104313f1f47f8ec9b1b1c5b31253ee7 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 2919 Image Width Image Width in pixels 4047 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example RGB Checksum 0xECFA1573 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 15202.413 KB Conversion Specs jp2 image created using CONTENTdm Acquisition Station version 4.2 JPEG2000 extention software Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2004-07 Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/Savage/id/1183">http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/Savage/id/1183</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lake Nettie, Castilla Springs Spanish Fork Canyon, R.G.W.Ry. (Rio Grande Western Railway), C.R. Savage Salt Lake. Description An account of the resource People standing by a lake and a building with a sign for "Castilla Plunge Baths" in Spanish Fork Canyon. Front label- C.R. Savage, Salt Lake City, Utah. Original is albumen 5 x 8 in. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Savage, C. R. (Charles Roscoe), 1832-1909 Subject The topic of the resource Spanish Fork Canyon (Utah) Castilla Springs (Utah) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1891 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Spanish Fork Canyon (Utah) Castilla Springs (Utah) Utah County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1890-1899 19th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, MSS P 24 Item 576 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. <a href="http://lib.byu.edu/EAD/XML/MSSP24.xml">http://lib.byu.edu/EAD/XML/MSSP24.xml</a> Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, L. Tom Perry Special Collections Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Courtesy L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Charles R. Savage Photograph Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jp2 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 171331514112005_576_MssP24_B7_F1.jpg Highway 89 https://highway89.org/files/original/ae5f5615fdf0258f15f8ed3e3c159cd0.jpg dc34d3e51b26c0f38ecd3ff446a6e310 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 3712 Image Width Image Width in pixels 4590 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example RGB Checksum 0x7E568CA4 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 21349.63 KB Conversion Specs jp2 image created using CONTENTdm Acquisition Station version 4.2 JPEG2000 extention software Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2004-07 Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/Savage/id/1267">http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/Savage/id/1267</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Town view of Logan Description An account of the resource A view of a town (Logan) with the temple to the left and mountains in the distance. Written on the back- Logan City, Utah, showing the great Mormon Temple, in background. Note: Written on the back- Transferred from H.H. Tammen Collection P-167. Original is a collodion 9 x 11 in. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Savage, C. R. (Charles Roscoe), 1832-1909 Subject The topic of the resource Logan (Utah) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1891 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan (Utah) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1890-1899 19th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, MSS P 24 Item 687 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. <a href="http://lib.byu.edu/EAD/XML/MSSP24.xml">http://lib.byu.edu/EAD/XML/MSSP24.xml</a> Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, L. Tom Perry Special Collections Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Courtesy L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Charles R. Savage Photograph Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 656491514112005_687_MssP24_B7_F13.jpg Highway 89 https://highway89.org/files/original/22e788c66a037849dee45ed26deb71a2.jpg 2af27e980519282c5bc79ad34c1f61d0 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 2149 Image Width Image Width in pixels 2883 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example RGB Checksum 0x3CA2C3DA File Size Size of the file in bytes. 6748.619 KB Conversion Specs jp2 image created using CONTENTdm Acquisition Station version 4.2 JPEG2000 extention software Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2004-07 Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/Savage/id/1297">http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/Savage/id/1297</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lees Ferry Colorado River 1870, C.R. Savage Description An account of the resource Four men on the banks of a river. Original is a silver gelatin print. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Savage, C. R. (Charles Roscoe), 1832-1909 Subject The topic of the resource Lees Ferry (Ariz.) Colorado River (Colo.-Mex.) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1870 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Lees Ferry (Arizona) Colorado River (Colo.-Mex.) Coconino County (Arizona) Arizona United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1870-1879 19th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, MSS P 24 Item 731 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. <a href="http://lib.byu.edu/EAD/XML/MSSP24.xml">http://lib.byu.edu/EAD/XML/MSSP24.xml</a> Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, L. Tom Perry Special Collections Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Courtesy L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Charles R. Savage Photograph Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 984431514112005_731_MssP24_B7_F16.jpg Colorado River Highway 89 https://highway89.org/files/original/8a3ccd844991cb704a8998f67d368955.jpg dd9c15773730a96b08334b9bc845eb29 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 4722 Image Width Image Width in pixels 6708 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Scanning resolution Resolution in DPI 5000 Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example RGB Checksum 50F9A26154083C48BB96C3FEF0A5B05F File Size Size of the file in bytes. 212544948 Conversion Specs Scanned by Northern Arizona University. Cline Library using Imacon Flextight 848, display file is JPEG. Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2012-09-18 Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order a print or digital file of this item, please see Northern Arizona University. Cline Library's Reproduction Order Form at: <a>http://archive.library.nau.edu/cdm/ordering/#ordering</a> Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/10478">http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/104787</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource View North, Along Lee's Ferry Road Route, From 89-A at Navajo Bridge Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Schafer, Paul H. Subject The topic of the resource Rock formations; Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Color transparency Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1976 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Grand Canyon (Ariz.); Navajo Bridge (Ariz.); United States Highway 89 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979; 20th century Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital surrogates are the property of the repository. Reproduction requires permission, please contact special.collections@nau.edu. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Schafer, Paul H. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context NAU_154429.jpg https://highway89.org/files/original/01ef58bdd477ae42d606b8caa95a2d02.jpg 228ac136e76880d7c42e54596f88b0e0 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 4371 Image Width Image Width in pixels 6304 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Scanning resolution Resolution in DPI 1200 Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example Grayscale Checksum 1AFED9CE812944C94FEA03E3497788FD File Size Size of the file in bytes. 216840476 Conversion Specs Scanned by Northern Arizona University. Cline Library using Epson Expression 10000XL scanner, display file is JPEG. Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2012-09-20 Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order a print or digital file of this item, please see Northern Arizona University. Cline Library's Reproduction Order Form at: <a>http://archive.library.nau.edu/cdm/ordering/#ordering</a> Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/10492">http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/104921</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navajo Bridge Looking North Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Schafer, Paul H. Subject The topic of the resource Bridges--Arizona--Grand Canyon; Rock formations; Rivers--Arizona; Canyons--Arizona; Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Color transparency Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1976 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Grand Canyon (Ariz.); Colorado River (Colo.-Mexico); Navajo Bridge (Ariz.); United States Highway 89 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979; 20th century Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital surrogates are the property of the repository. Reproduction requires permission, please contact special.collections@nau.edu. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Schafer, Paul H. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context NAU_154558.jpg https://highway89.org/files/original/3b35c50e08f5d316abe31d149c82dbf0.pdf 4130eeb856c349f5c5d1e5ef2b76ee72 PDF Text Text -CPLC An analysis of the proposed re-alignment of U.S. 89 in Logan Canyon, Utah. August 20, 1979 Presented to Mr. David Stanley, Mr. Roger Williams, and staff, U.-S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region VIII, Denver, CO. Contents: I. Critique of UDOT traffic forecasts, by Dr. David Schimpf, University of Minnesota at Duluth II. C,ritique of UDOT Safety statements, by Dr. Jack T. Spence, Utah State University III. Commentary on environmental impacts, by. Dr. William Helm, Utah State University IV. Description.of slides/prints of areas to he impacted Enclosures: "Preliminary Proposals and Alternatives," UDOT "Accident Statistics," Officer Leslie Langford, UHP presented by Dianne Siegfreid 765 1/2 'E. Center Logan, UT 84321 801-753-3982 Thomas Lyon 655 Canyon Road Logan, UT 84321 801-752-6571 CitizellS for tile Protection of Logan Canyon �1. 1. 2~ 3. 4. 5• GENERAL SUI1I1ARY Major impact on both environmental and visual quality of canyon. Project contradicts nat'i onal energy concern. 80-9~fo of project requires cutting. (Remark by Project Engineer} "Waste poses a major engineering problem." (Project Engineer) "It'll never be worth as much as we've put into it already." (Project Engineer) TRAFFIC GROWTH FACTORS UDOT uses an unrealistic exponential model. A linear growth model better fits daily traffic data. 'Linear model forecasts lower traffic levels than UDOT's projections Traffic data used by UDOT are limited to one busy section of the highway, yetar~ used to describe whole road. .Need for highway re-alignment not documented by current data. SAFETY FACTORS 1. Suggested danger of Logan Canyon "Section III" is not supported by current data • . 2. A major discrepancy exists between accident rate data and traffic volume. 3. 1977 accident rate figured by Utah Highway Patrol does not agree with UDOT report. 4. 4Statistical significance of accident data used is suspect. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS 1. Numerous spills would encroach . into Logan River from pla~ed fills. 2. Silt deposits in river would destroy trout habitat and breeding . cycle. . 3. Loss of riverside vegetation needed by trout for low light intensit; 4. Creation of any culverts would impair spawning success of trout. 5. · Loss of vegetative barrier lessens quality of fishing experience. 6. Major visual impact would result from the cuts planned, especially the two major cuts at the Temple Fork area, which would be, by Project Engineer Gary Lindley's report, 75' and as much as 150' across. �, I. Critique of Traffic Forecasts I The UDOT projects future · traffic levels in the section of canyon highway under discussion with a model which assumes exponential growth ' at 4% per year. Based on the UDOT's average daily traffic data (ADT) for Right Hand Fork, a linear traffic growth model fits the data nearly perfectly (r2 = 0.975). Such a linear model forecasts lower traffic levels in the futur'e than the seemingly unrealis tic exponential model. Average daily traffic at Right Hand Fork after widening of lower canyon: Year ADT , 70 71 72 73 , 74 75 2225 2300 2450 2500 2550 2670 Linear model Number of vehicles/day = -3817 + (86.4'3 x year) We were unable to obtain ADT's from the UDOT for 76,77, or 78; they were said to not be available. ' ,The ADT's reported for Right Hand Fork are actually for the Logan River Bridge just below the section of road in question. Bet~een this bridge and the narrowed roadway is the junction with the Right Hand Fork road, which leads to a youth camp, Forest Service campground, and major hunting and snowmobiling grounds. Our observations on a July weekend afternoon (high volume) suggest that about 5% of the traffic, at the bridge actually comes or goes on this other road. The ADT projections should be scaled down 5% from those based on traffic at , the bridge. In the projections of the OOOT, the Design Hourly Volume (DHV) is not a constant .ratio of the Peak Hourly Volume (PHV) , varying from 1.'22 to 1.40, depending on the year. This needs to be explained. �, • f ~ . Critique, p. 2 In sununa,ry, we reconunend that the Federal Highway Administration not grant permission ' for this project before the need for it is first documented ' via realistic traffic projections. These should embody all recent ADT's (after lower canyon was widened) and a realistic growth model which takes into account the projected availabilitY , of fuel for motor vehicles. Projections for the highway section in question should be 5% less than those at Logan River Bridge. A constant ratio ', of DRV to PHV should be used, and its absolute value justified. These considerations could well postpone the time at which the capacity of the existing alignment (including a new surface on it) would become inadequate. �JI . TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN LOGAN CANYON, 1970-77 , The Utah Department of Transportation (UDT) has concluded the unim- _ proved sections of the Logan Canyon highway are especially dangerous. This conclusion has been advanced as one of the major reasons for undertaking an improvement project for section 3 and part of section 4. This conclusion is not supported by an analysis of the currently available ' data. Complete data for the period (70~78) has been requested from UDT but not yet received. The UDT decision is based on data published 'in the report, ' "Preliminary Proposals and Alternatives. SR-13 (US-89) Logan to Garden City," District one Office, Utah Department of Transportation, February, 1977, and some recent updates (included as inserts for the report). In 'addition, an independ~nt studY" "Accident Statistics, Logan Canyon and Rich County, 1976-77" by Utah Highway Patrolman L.D. Langford,. has been made available(included). The following analysis is based on these reports. I. Errors and Discrepencies 1. There is a major discrepencY between the accident rate data presented in the UDT report, graph p. 39 insert, and ·the traffic volume data) ~t-a)phT. . z...J p. 2~. Using the accident rate of 6.1 accidents/million miles for section ' 3 for the period 1970-77 (graph, ,p.39 insert) and the length of section 1 (5.1 miles) the average daily traffic (ADT) may be calculated, given the tcital number of accidents in this section (120): ' ADT .= 120 x 10 6/ 6.1 ~ 365 x 7 = 1509.5 VPD (vehicles per day). From table T-2 of the UDT report (p.28) ADT for section 3 v~ries from 2225 VPO (1970) to 2888 VPD 1977 festimated from 1975 by adding 4% increase per year, as suggested by the UDT). Clearly, the 1509.5 VPD figure does not agree with the data of Table T-2. If, instead of 1509.5 VPD, an average~ figure for the period of 2549 VPO, an accident rate for section 3 may be calculated: Accident rate = 120 x 10 6/ 2549 x 365 x 7 x 5.1 = 3.61 accidents/million mi1eJl~ te f t e sa e Therefore, either the data of table T-2 is wrong, or the accident rates used by UDT in the graph of p.39 insert are ,grossly inflated. If the accident rate for section 3 is, in fact, 3.61, this section ':is not dangerous. Since this section has the highest r~te, when similar calculations are made for the other sections . it appears the Logan Canyon highway is much safer than most roads in Utah. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ a~h 0~ r~ ~ n~~~ · ~~l . 9~ t t. 2. The accident rate for 1977 calculated from the Langford study is not in agreement with that reported for the same year in the UOT graph (p.39 insert). The Langford report covers a slightly longer section (Zone II) (8.27 miles) and the data must be correct~d slightly for this; this correction, however, has no significant effect on the result. Using the Langford data for Zone II (Right Fork to Cattle Gaurd above Ricks Springs), the accident rate may be calculated (Langford report, p. 16): ~o~~~ accident rate = 4.84 x 10 6/ 365 x 2797.6 (AOT) =4.74 accidents/million miles. Clearly, this is considerably lower than the '7.2 value used by UOT (gtaph p.'39 insert), and gives considerable support to the calculation in 1. above. . ~ L\DOTC-.~\c..\'.l~./\O M\\ ~ . �• • Again, this rate (which is the highest for any Zone of Logan Canyon in the Langford report) indicates Logan Canyon highway is relatively safe. II. Ooubtful and Erroneous Conclusions 1. Using the data of UOT graph, p.39 insert, for accident rates for various sections of the Canyon, the question must be asked whether this distribution . is significant or is it, in fact, simply due to random variation. This question may be answered by a relatively simple statistical test, the chi squared test for normal distribution in a set of data. If there are no differences between sections with respect to accident rates, then all should have the same, or the average for all sections: x = t'xi/n , xi= accident rate for each section, n= number of sections(7). x = 4.107 accidents/million miles chi square (Kl ={(Xi - xi / n-l = 3.390 Using a chi sqare table at 6 degrees of freedom, the critical values of chi square are 2.20 at 90% and3.45 at 75%. The calculated value for the data (3.390) indicates the probability of this distri.bution b.eing random is between 75 and 90~~ . · In other words, the distribution of the graph on p. 39, UOT report indicates there is only a probability of 10-25% of the . apparent differences in accident rates for the various sections being real. The conclusion therefore, that section 3 is significantly more dangerous than section 1 or 2 (already improved) i.s not valid. To base a decision to improve this section on such unlikely probabilities is , at the very least, highly questionable . . 2. On p. 40 of the UOT report, it is stated a definite relationship between volume of traffic and accident experience. This may be tested statistically by plotting the data of the table on p.23 o·{ the report (traffic volume by month) against the data of of the table on p. 41 (accidents by month). It is assumed the traffic volume data distributions for 74-75 are the same as for 71-75 (since all data are normalized to percentage distributlons by month, this assumption seems highly reason. able). Thi~ plot should be a straight line, and the coefficient of determination, r. , for this line, is a measure of the correlation that does in fact exist between the two variables. This calculation from the UOT data gives: . 2 r = 0.37. . 2 2 For ~ 1/1 correlation, r = 1;00, and for no correlation, r = O. Anyth i ng 1esst han abo uto. 9 iss ta tis tic a 11 y sus pect. The act ua1 va 1ue , 0.37, is indicative of a very poor correlation at best. The conclusion that traffic volume and accident rates are correlated must be regarded as quite unlikely. Since this conclusion is used by UOT to justify the project ( wider highway = less congestion by spreading out the traffic of high volume periods = fewer accidents), it appears UOT is grasping at straws in a desparate attempt to rationalize the construction. A better conclusion would be ·that the safest time to travel the canyon is during periods of high volume. ex~sts ,. �The same calculation may be m ade from the data for 1976-77 from the Langford Report, normalized to percent (Langford Report, p.12), assuming the traffic volume distribution used in the UOT ·report applies to 1976-77. The result is: r2 = 0.32 Again, a· poor correlation between traffic volume and accident frequency . is found. ' These results may reflect the fact that 'road condition - in Winter, particularly in the upper canyon (section 3) is more important than traffic volume, a factor not considered in the UOT report. III. Types of Accidents No data is yet available from UOT with respect to type of accident in each section. For 1976~77 from the Langford Report, 33% of the acci~ dents in Zone II (section 3 and part of section 4) resulted in personal injury (PI), while 41 % of the accidents in Zone I (sections 1 and 2, improved) resulted in perspnal injury. This suggests the severity of the accidents in the new sections 1 and 2 is greater than in sections 3 and 4, but more data over a longer period is needed to confirm this. With respect to fatalities and deaths from accidents, the data 1970-77 . are (see insert to UDT report): secti~n~ 1 ~nd 2 settions 3 and 4 Fatalities 5 4 8 4 Deaths In view of the small numbers, no statistical conclusions may be drawn; with respect to fatalities and deaths, however, there is no evidence to indicate the improved sections 1 and · 2 are any safer than the unimproved sections 3. and 4. . IV. Causes of Accidents The single most improtant cause of accidents is speed- traveling too fast for conditions: UDT ,report (insert) 1970-77 47% Langford report 1976-77 63% While the improved sections 1 and 2 were originally designed for 40mph . they ar'e signed for 50 mph. This may account for the higher PI accident rate and rtumbe~ of deaths in the improved sections, V. Further Analysis UDr officials have promised a complete set of accident statistics (avail~ able on computer printout) will be furnished shortly. These statistics, covering the period 1970 - 77 will be analyzed with respect to accident rates, type of accidents, road conditions, and other pertinent factors, and the results will be made available as soon, as possible. �. i. I • : I. I ~ . '! . .... . ,,~J ' \ eVA. • f ",. ~\l.~.)\>')) Y "~ ;'O '-~-""r' \ .t. -<.:r \. ~< .. 1. c. Ii.'\,· \::;:.;,t~).· -<.J "c\, .l( ",J l,,><... \lA it.,j) t (." 'I.' 0' T-2 Table ',' 6'W \l ;i\ ~Il."" A.l.<>J) \.Jt~· t 0'(f )J~<. \ "- . f' , II I J . Year · Right Hand Fork L . Tony Grove Jct . Uv".D ~ L~ ·f·A.,.C. ' ~ Garden SR-243 Rich County Line City 193'7 470 1'97 19/~0 809 338 . 1945 706 295 1950 1195 . 557 1955 1540 77G 1960 1760 1285 1965 1970 1420 1280 765 975 1970 2225 1050 1050 9/~O 960 71 2300 1080 1080 940 72 2450 1230 1230 1070 73 2500 1200 1200 lOllS 1065 74 2550 1560 1560 1075 1100 75 2670 1680 1680 1145 1170 ~ I ,i .. , ' I _ _ _ .... _ _ _ _ , •_ _ _ I •_ _ t, I • _ _ • __ _ w _ ___ . _ . '" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ traffic volumes ba sed on the mostrp· ~~babJe growth "rate of .._-. -: ,..- - ,-. _..-. --- .. .. ...-' .-,..-_ ._----_ l~£-,~c.r_-~~~ . ~~j Fi ~llJrcS presented In parenthesis Indicate expected peak hour V01111ll(~ S usinfl c1 peak hour factor of 9:t of the A.D.T., obtained from the graph pre5enteo earlrer showing hourly fluctuations. It should be ernph~5lzed .-- �-I · . J u . . ... I '(J1a I An' I I , .. J �, 8 I 7,t, . I ! Slate Wide Average (FA?) I I /977 / ,,' .2 4 . ,5 3 Section In I ? Logan Canyon 5 4 3 2 6 6 7 • 8':.... J' . . .i . ., .. " . . ',. ;- I. i: ':, '~,;;":' :.,. ' :. ' :\ , :~:.>,: ;:,J1':, ,' "":::,,::! i ' I • I " :; l',~;: ;~?" ;:i:l~{11~~~I~i111!i~!li~~{~'~~!;i Stote Wide' Average (FAP) From /970 TIJrolJgIJ /971' \ ' 1 , �· ;. 1 I / highw~y As one might expect from a with Logan Ca~yonls geometrical con.. figuration, the largest single type ...of accident was running off the highway o~-. !.l.. _~~~y~e. Hitting . another r;'" v~hicle was the next largest category. . they accounted for 69% ~ 0l a 11 accidents on the highway. f . of " ~ .!~.. of Together The apparent cause _ _ , .J Logan Canyon accidents is credited to careless driv.ing, too fast for prevailing condifions. o~ _ driving Recognizing the major cause of these accidents, and in light of numerous accidents encountered in Sections 3, 4, and 7, it is reasonable to place a portion of the blame on the highway itself • . All three sections ~ossess ' similar characteristics - intermittent steep grades, narrow traffic lanes, sma) 1 shoulders, tight curves, and poor sight distance, a combination which will surely induce abrupt speed .changes and increasing the potential , for traffic accidents. Fatalities: . 2 -L 4 _ 5_ 6 _7_ Total 54 Sec t i on 120 117 103 40 112 610 'Tota 1 AccIdents 89 Fata·l Accidents 4 4 0 0 2 3 14 Deaths 7 4 0 0 3 5 20 There ~ere twenty fatalities which occurred along the Logan Canyon high- .way during the·,..seven-year ~tud·; ·-·~~~i-~d)- six in 1973, six in 1974, four in . _ " _ • • ,J _ _ ----- - - ·- - -- O - - . . .. --"' . 1975, one in 1976, and three In 1977. Eighteen of them happened whi Ie attempt- j. ing to negotiate a curve. Alcohol may have been a contributing factor In six . of . the fatal accidents, two ot" which oc'c urred in Section 3, and four in Section 1. , . Costs: ,. (Space for Graph) . " J �_III. EFFECTS OF ROAD BUILDING ON THE LOGAN RIVER Utah , Department of Transportation personnel have stated that they plan to keep the Logan Canyon road as close as possible to the river to minimize the 'size of road cuts. This will probably result in numerous fills encroaching on the river bank and spillin~into ' the river. -These fills contribute silt to the river via runoff during r a in , s to rm s, and b.~ era s ion 0f the s lop e b'y t hPo r i ve r its elf. Bot h types are evident on fills created by previous construction at lower . elevations in the canyon. ~ilt in streams creates several problems for the following reasons. In genera'l" the larger the size of a particle of soil ' or rock, -the higher , the velocity of water flow required to transport it downstream. Conversely, small particles can be transported ~y relatively low 6 velocities (see lower curve in Figure 1). If a silt-sized particle is deposited, because of passing ' into a region of low velocity or because of bein9 added to the stream during a period of low flow, it . will not be picked up again without a velocity of flow above the lower 1i ne . 1ft hepa r tic 1e~ 'Iii tho the r s whi c h we red e po sit ed wit hit, rema i ~ s in position so as to become consolidated, it will take a much hiqher velocity to dislodge it (see upper curve in Figure 1). As can be seen the finest silt and 'clay materials require rather high velocities to dislodge and transport them once they become consolidated. normally in this region the heaviest runoff, and thus most erosion, occurs during the spr, ng. i Streams appear discolored because of the . heavy silt load, but stream velocities are also high because of �• t • ,) - the extra volume of water. ( - Under these conditions silt is most apt to be transported downstream until velocity of water flow decreases ' in a reservoi~ or marsh. The keY .to minimum stream damage due to silt is . the high transport capability of swiftly ·flO\ving water. Durin~ summer and fall volume of stream flow is low, velocity of flow is minimum for the year, and thus transport capability is low. This is also the season of low erosion potential, · with fully leaved trees, shrubs, and grass intercepting rainfall, and a layer of leaf litter protecting the soil surface in or undisturbed areas. nat~ral Summer storms may cause a small increase in stream volume, but do not add silt. Streams remain larg~ ~oad q~ite quantities of clear. cuts tend to be prone to erosion. vegetative cover sparse. ~arge Slopes are steep and . Raindrops from summer storms have a high probability of striking .the soil surface, dislodging particles and .washing '" the~ downhill. Erosion from such areas can be severe. Road construction or any other activity which produces large expanses of bare earth changes the normal pattern of erosion and transnort of silt. The change adds silt to streams . at the worst possible time, during · low flow periods . . Large, relatively bare slopes \vhich result frolll the type of construction being proposed are the s00rce of too much silt to be ' intercepted and retained by a narrow strip of vegetated land between road and river. If large fills are necessary a broad zone should be left between road and river, but this forces the road into the mountainside, creating additional problems. Much of the bottom of trout streams is gravel or stones. Invertebrates, upon which the - - - . - .-~.~ fis~ -~-- feed, reside not only upon the upper "- ~~- ~.- - -.-.-~'--"-- �· ~ .. - 3- surface of the bottom but well distributed in the spaces between stones _, tO ,depths of sev~ral inches. Young fish~ shortly after hatching, will seek shelter beneath and between stones on the bottom. Fish eggs are deposited in shallow nests scooped into gravel bottoms, and covered with _ ,gravel from upstream. - Hhere silt has been deposited the spaces between stones are filled, greatly decreasing the supply of food for trout. Hiding and resting places, for small fish are also decreased. Silt in -gravel decreases -the flow of water through the gravel.' Trout eggs require a water. supply of oxygen, available only _ from flowing .. Mortalities of 95-100 percent are to be expected when water con~tant flow through gravel is impeded by silt deposits. As pointed out above silt deposited during SUMner may become consolidated, resisting removal by all but the highest velocity of flow. -Such high velocities ,are not normally found prior to brown trout srawning season in the fall. -, Another effect of fills encroaching into the river is the destruction of pools. ' Trout require , areas of low velocity flows for resting, _and pools next to the stream bank are particularly desirable. Such pools are frequent~y filled in when ~oad - fills encroach on a river. A particularly damaging effect of fill encroachment is the elimination of vegetation which hangs over the river. provides shade, especially in trout can rest. area~ v~getation of low velocity currents, where Brown trout require low currents for resting areas. This li~ht intensities and slow In shallovJ rivers, such as the logan" low light intensities are usually found along banks with abundant vegetation , hanging over the water. Elimination of such vegetation will greatly decrease the number of brown trout inhabiting the area. �-~ - There is a prorosal to change the location of the road in the vicinity of Logan Cave by cutting into the mountainside across the river from the present road, crossing the river for a very short distance, and returning to the old roadbed. This will 'require an oblique crossin0 of the river. ' If such a crossing is accomplished by ' installing a cul,vert, such a long tunnel may create an impediment to fish movement during spawning seasons. Finally, denuding the area between the stream and road by filling to or very nearly tQ the river creates an undesirable condition for fishermen ,. One of the reasons for fishing is to get away from the hustle and bustle of the working world, and seek solitud~ and quiet. Without a vegetative ' barrier between the river and the road, fishermen are exposed to the sight and sound of passing traffic. This converts fishing from an experience in the wild, to a noisy session next to the highway. From the standpoint of erosive slopes, s,iltation of the river and scenic considerations, a, wide roadbed is not acceptable in this canyon. �- - ----_ _. .--.-.. {, , "? 0 - I • !\ ... . --. '- r •• ~ .. • . , , ~ ..... ~ \) A ~ ...• .... . .. '- ~ Q ..... . •• .. --- [ . E ) - .. • ~ . c •• • ." ... ., -- ' Q • ... ""I " - .X' \..u • \.to- ." w,,' }~ :l -.. .. . - • 4 ~ ~. \J E ~ ~ 0 a () '- .:J~$/~~ C) :\-- ~ l' ~ --"' . ...&...J " " ..- • '" \lJ ) )- , -. () 0 ~J~'''I'''' - 0 �IV. Description of prints showing ' areas to be impacted: 1. 2. ~ 4. 5A. 5B. Just downstream of China Row, looking eastward. This is the first proposed cut of any size. China Row picnic area, looking eastward. Proposed cut would take most of the trees in the photo, then go through a ridge just visible at curve of road in photo. Wood Camp Hollow, . looking northwards. Site of District Ranger's proposed ' road and campground, and thus site of waste from cuts on the proposed re-alignment. Ridge in background is part of Mt. Naomi Wilderness Study Area (RARE I,. RARE II); entire Wood Camp Hollow has been proposed for addition to the WSA by local conservationists. Present trail in Wood Camp Hollow, where the proposed Forest Service road would go. At Logan Cave, looking westward downstream. First bridge of proposed re-alignment would cross Logan River just downstream of curve, then highway· would cut hillside on left before recrossing river. Slightly upstream of Logan Cave, looking downstr. am; photo shows e proposed alignment cutting 'hillside and bridging Logan River. 6. Slightly upstream of Cottonwood Creek, looking downstream at proposed cut.' 'Ridge to be cut is first ridge east of Cottonwood Creek. 7· Between cottonwood and Lower Twin Bridge; cut is near to base of cliffs; similar cut slightly upstream was not photographed. $. Unstable rock face in cut at Lower Twin Bridge. would eliminate visible cliff. Re-alignment 9. ' Lower . Twin Bridge, looking downstream, showing cut of rock .face and proposed w~dening of high bridge. 10. & 11. Dugway between the Twin Bridges. Re-alignment proposed here is a widening, supported by a retaining way the length of the dugway, standing on the .steep talus. 12 •. Unstableroc'k face at .upper end of Dugway, to be eliminated in proposed re-alignment. 13. ' 14. 15. Looking upstream (eastwards) at ridge just east of Upper Twin Bridge. Photo shows jundtion of Temple Fork road and US 89; looking northward. Proposed alignment goes through ridge at left (seen from downstream in photo # 13) with 75' deep cut, bridges Logan River slightly upstream of junction of two roads visible, then cuts ridge to the right. Looking downstream from hill above Ricks Spring. Photo shows both ridges to be cut. Proposed re-alignment is now on opposite side of Logan River from present highway, thus necessitating another bridge upstream of Ricks Spring. � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/118">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/118</a> Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies, scans, or prints of this item for fair use purposes, please see Utah State University's Reproduction Order Form at: <a href="https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php">https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2013 Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner. Checksum 680766323 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 11450424 Bytes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An analysis of the proposed re-alignment of U.S. 89 in Logan Canyon, Utah. Description An account of the resource A Citizens for the Protection of Logan Canyon analysis of the proposed re-alignment of U.S. 89 in Logan Canyon. Critique of UDOT traffic forecasts by Dr. David Schmipf, Critique of UDOT safety statements by Dr. Jack T. Spence, and a commentary on enviromental impacts by Dr. William Helm. Included with a general summary, traffic growth factors, safety factors, effects on the road building on the Logan River, and traffic accidents in Logan Canyon from 1970-1977. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Schmipf, David Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Spence, Jack Helm, William Subject The topic of the resource Traffic engineering Roadside improvement--Utah--Logan Canyon Logan Canyon (Utah) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Administrative records Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979-08-20 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 20th century 1970-1979 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Sierra Club, Utah Chapter Archives, 1972-1986, COLL MSS 148 Series VIII Box 28 Folder 12 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. View the inventory for this collection at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Special Collections and Archives, phone (435) 797-2663. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Highway 89 Digital Collections Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS148VIIIB28_Fd12_Page_1.pdf Highway 89; https://highway89.org/files/original/1ea510c15a238ccf9fa7358fcb64fc32.mp3 f78c986a0fdab62b3571ef694644db75 https://highway89.org/files/original/cdd79f69f24af51026686026396d0e40.pdf a76a08d31a66f0f33e03b8cae68995c3 PDF Text Text LAND USE MANAGEMENT TRANSCRIPTION COVER SHEET Interviewee: Ted Seeholzer Place of Interview: Date of Interview: Beaver Mountain Ski Area Office, Logan, Utah November 19, 2008 Interviewer: Recordist: Brad Cole and Clint Pumphrey Brad Cole Recording Equipment: Marantz PMD660 Digital Recorder Transcription Equipment used: Transcribed by: Transcript Proofed by: Power Player Transcription Software: Executive Communication Systems Susan Gross Randy Williams (2 March 2009 & July 2011) Brief Description of Contents: Ted Seeholzer is the owner of the Beaver Mountain ski area in Logan Canyon. He speaks about the history of Beaver Mountain (which has been owned by his family since its inception), and his varying roles with the ski resort – beginning in childhood. He also talks about interactions and his relationship with the Forest Service and Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration (SITLA) over the years. Reference: BC = Brad Cole (Interviewer; Associate Dean, USU Libraries) CH = Clint Pumphrey (Interviewer; USU history graduate student) TS = Ted Seeholzer NOTE: Interjections during pauses or transitions in dialogue such as “uh” and starts and stops in conversations are not included in transcribed. All additions to transcript are noted with brackets. TAPE TRANSCRIPTION [Tape 1 of 1: A] BC: Hi. This is Brad Cole from Special Collections and Archives at Utah State University. Today is November 19 [2008]. And we’re in Logan, Utah visiting with Ted Seeholzer at the Beaver Mountain Office – Beaver Mountain Ski Area Office. And also accompanying me today is Clint Pumphrey, a [graduate] student at Utah State University. Ted I always like to begin my interviews from the very beginning, [so] if you could tell us when and where you born? Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  1   �TS: I was born in Logan, Utah – 1932; January 29, 1932. Seventy-six years ago. BC: And who were your parents? TS: Harold and Luella Seeholzer. They were both – my mom was born in Wellsville; my dad in Logan. BC: And had they lived in the valley for quite some time? TS: All their life. Dad served no military time. And the furthest dad got away from Logan; he went to New Zealand to help on the temple over there. BC: And your mother was from Wellsville you said. TS: Wellsville, yep. And her dad actually started the service station business in Cache Valley. You can see the old – there used to be a service station between 1st and 2nd North, on the east side of the road kind of where the Royal Bakery is there. BC: Um-hmm. TS: He started a service station there. One hundred years ago or more. I don’t have the pictures handy here, but we do of course have them of that. So he was instrumental. He also meddled in the horticulture business with Utah State many years ago. So our family’s been active, not just the kids. BC: Um-hmm. So did you have a greenhouse then? TS: He had a cellar. That’s all they had was a cellar over there. They’d plant the trees, of course harvest the apples and store them in there. At one time there was lots of orchards in Wellsville; lots of orchards in Wellsville. I remember as a young person going over there – the orchards. And he also had a cellar – it was a (what do you call them when they have) a co-op type thing. And then he also had his own cellar that he would use for his apples; and then he raised chickens at the same time. And I can still remember as a young man and watching them count all the eggs and this, that and the other. He was a very energetic old chap. You know, he was a “Svede” – Swede. [Laughing] And Grandma was a Dane. And they had their coffee every morning with their lumps of sugar. I can still remember that. You know, maybe I’m getting off the subject here, I don’t know. BC: That’s fine. So what were their names? TS: They were Brobie. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  2   �BC: Brobie. TS: Don’t ask me Grandma Brobie’s name before she was married, I don’t know that. I don’t recall that. Did you got to school at Logan High? BC: No, I’m actually from Pocatello. TS: From “Pocaroostie”? BC: Yeah. TS: Can I give you a little more history there. My granddad’s brother had a cobble, shoemaker, right across Logan High there on the corner – 100 years ago back in the ‘50s, the old fellar did. You know, my family’s got quite a history here in the valley. BC: Sounds like it. TS: Yeah, yeah; a lot of history. BC: So what were some of your memories of growing up in Logan in the 1930s I guess? TS: Yeah. I know that my dad’s a plather by trade, okay. He’d put lath on it for you, plaster. Of course during the Depression they did anything they could. He talks about working with the Forest Service on the PWA [Public Works Administration agency of New Deal] type stuff: going and roofing buildings, or whatever they could do to make a dollar. Dad also trapped. His dad was a game warden at that time: muskrats and beaver, that’s where some of the income was. I was born on West 3rd South and at that time Dad raised foxes and mink for market. Shortly after that the Russians came in with all of their furs and of course the mink markets went to the deuce [devil]. Dad was forced to sell and then continue with his lathing. He still trapped rats; we still have some of the traps they used. And like I say, his dad was a Fish and Game man. I remember stories about Old Ephraim. Dad and his brothers chased Old Ephraim; the same as the Crookston stories that you’ve heard. And I can’t remember the gentleman’s name that finally ended up catching Old Ephraim. [Frank Clark; see USU’s digital collection of Old Ephraim materials online.] I know that our family lived on game: deer and elk and fish and ducks and pheasant; [these] were extremely important to our meals. Dad used to illegally hunt ducks for market. Dad was a pool player I guess. Down at the old Dee Woodall Pool Hall he’d bring those ducks in there and throw them in the corner; you could take two for a dollar, put the money on the counter. That’s what Dad bought shells with and whatever else he needed. But I do remember that as a young person. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  3   �But I also remember the old automobiles and our trips to the canyon. [Getting choked up] This canyon is pretty important (excuse the tears), but it’s been alive forever. I started helping my folks [inaudible] when I was six years old and we’re still here. We are the longest family owned ski area in America. I’m proud of that; pretty proud of that. Anyway, I’ll try and collect myself here. But it’s touching. And you’ll find that the more you dig the more it means to me. So anyway, that’s what I recall. We did move from there on South Main, Logan River was right in our backyard. We could fish anytime when the stream was open. And we always hunted ducks and pheasants and those types of things. Dad got involved in the ski area in 1936 when it was at the Beaver – and then it went from there up to the Sinks. Now, if you know where the Sinks are, [they are] about a mile and a half above the state sheds up on the summit. It was there from, oh, we finally came back to the Beaver in 1947 when money was appropriated for the road through the county and the Forest Service and the state. Then the Forest Service was very instrumental in bringing the water to the area. It was in ’39 that my dad and another gentleman took over the ski area and made it go [and we’ve] been there ever since. BC: Who was the other gentleman? TS: Don Shupe. BC: Don Shupe. TS: Don Schupe was an auto body man. Shupe Auto body – it’s now (it’s no longer Shupe) – shoot on the corner of 10th North and Main. BC: Oh, is that Miller’s? TS: Millers! Don Shupe was a first cousin to Charlie Miller, or brother-in-law or whatever the situation was. And Don was there a couple of years and his back gave out on him and so he had to bow out of the picture. Jane Johnson, who was married to Max Johnson (LeGrand Johnson’s son) – it was her dad. (I mean just to give you a little relationship to people that are still alive.) And we see Jane once in a while and we kind of kid about it a little bit – what might have been, you know. So anyway, that’s the story. And I don’t know how far you want to go along with this. We came back in 1947; we put a rope-tow in. And then in 1948 we put in a T-bar. There’s a big picture around here somewhere of it. Put in the T-bar and that run there for a lot of years. That was kind of a make-shift – there was chairlifts in those days, but money wasn’t available for us to do that. There wasn’t enough skiing public, lots of things you can say why it wasn’t necessary. The size of Cache Valley wasn’t – the population that skied was very small (and it’s still not very big in relationship for a major business). Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  4   �CP: So who were most of other people who came to Beaver Mountain? Were they from the Valley? TS: That started it? CP: Just to ski there? TS: Yeah. And it still is. We probably have less than – unless you want to call it college student as a vacation skier or a transient or whatever word you want to use – then we have about 1 to 1.5% of our people are out of state or transient skiers or vacation skiers or whatever word you would attach to it. And we don’t see many of those. We’re seeing more because of developments at Bear Lake. Wasatch Front is where a good share of them come from. But we do have people who have timeshares and once they have come and skied here we seem to get them back. The problem with that is the duration of the sport that you do, that you’re real active in it: three years, five years, ten years? How long did you play tennis? How long did you play golf? How long did you play badminton? See, so this interest span, you have to have new all the time to replace the guy that’s dropping out. That’s a pretty big deal actually in our sport. You had a question? CP: Yeah. Just to go back to when you first started working at the ski resort – what kind of responsibilities did you have then? TS: Up at the Sinks – now I’m five, six, seven years old; I was born in ’32, so ’39 is what? [I’d be seven?] BC: Yeah. TS: Dad built a building there out of weedy-edge siding. I don’t know if you know what that is or not – that’s the edges when you cut timber, you don’t cut the bark off? Okay, that’s weedy-edge. Dad built a small building down there – I think 12 by 14 or 12 by 12 – I can’t recall. And Mother – that building was to serve as a warming hut and food service. Now I forgot the question you asked me. CP: What did you do? What were you responsible for? TS: Oh, what did I did do? Okay, alright. Our function as kids of course was to, of course we weren’t running lifts in them days, but we would bring the food service from up on the road, down to that building for Mother – the foods were all fixed at home: the chilies, the barbecues, that stuff was all fixed at home. And we’d carry it, all in boxes. Dad pulled a trailer behind the car (brown ’39 Chevrolet), I can remember just like it was yesterday. And then we would take that stuff down there and then we would bring it back. Sure, we had a little snow to shovel, but you know, six-seven year old, you don’t get a whole bunch out of them other than lip service. Then as we got older, 12 year old, 13 year old, Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  5   �we were running – I was running a lift then. Today they would put you in jail if you did that. BC: Now up at the Sinks, there weren’t any lifts then? TS: We had this cable (we called it a rope tow); it was like a rope-tow except it was a 9/16” cable. And we had some hooks (I don’t have one here) that you would hook on the cable, wrap it around you and it would pull you up the mountain. Now, how did you keep that cable from burying you in the snow? Well on the highest spots we’d go cut an aspen, lay it on the high spots and the cable would run on that. Of course, then we only skied Saturday and Sunday, and there was a heck of lot more snow fell then than there is today, I’m here to tell you. Talk about global warming, talk about whatever you want: we don’t have the snow today we used to have. So it was always a big deal then to dig out of our buildings, we left shovels outside – couldn’t get into them if we didn’t have a shovel! So then those were the type things that Norm Mecham and I (Norm, he lives in Arizona or somewhere now). But that was our responsibility to go up and dig it out. My brother worked when he was older – he was almost eight years older than I am – so he had more responsibilities. Then he went away to school and blaty, blaty, blah. But he went in the military is where he went. ’42 he went and Uncle Sam joined him up. And then in 1947 we came back here [Beaver Mountain]. But in those days ski crowds were different than they are today. Utah State used to have a big winter carnival deal up there. And when you go up there if you look on your left-hand side going up – it’s pretty steep mountain there – and they used to build huge snow sculptures. I don’t mean these snowmen kids make out in their backyards; I mean 12, 15, 18 foot high snow sculptures of like the pyramid stuff is what they would build; or horse and buggy-type thing. Literally shape them. It was a big deal. Somewhere I have those pictures. I don’t have them now. BC: And that would have been in the 1940s? TS: That would have been in the ‘40s, yep. But see to prior to that Utah State held their winter carnivals down at the old CC Camp [CCC: Civil Conservation Corps], right there on that hill. Yeah. And Logan High used to hold a winter carnival down there also. BC: And the CC Camp, that was at the Sinks area? TS: No, The CC Camp is – do you know where the road to go to Tony Grove is? BC: Um-hmm. TS: Okay. Right across the street from that, they call it USU Training Center now. BC: Right. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  6   �TS: But that’s the old CC Camp. And of course that come out of the Depression, like the PWA did. And Utah State held their winter carnival – because it wasn’t until 1939 that the road to Logan Canyon was open to Bear Lake; ’39 it opened to go to Bear Lake and that’s what permitted us to move the ski area from down where it was, up to the Sinks. Because we had to walk in; we parked down on the highway down there and walked into the ski area. BC: At Beaver? TS: At Beaver, yeah. We didn’t go around the road – we cut through, you know; walked across the creek and walked through the draw I’m telling you where the rock deal was? That’s the canyon we went up. Now I’m jumping all over, but my feeble mind doesn’t always work in a straight [line]! CP: Yeah, well since you mentioned the road, maybe we could talk about that a little bit. In the early days – in the ‘40s when you first started having a big role in managing the ski resort – what was it like getting up to the ski resort through the canyon from Logan? TS: In most cases the road was plowed like it is now. Of course, let’s be honest – the plow trucks then probably went 20 miles an hour; today they’ll go 40-plus, or 30-plus, whatever the turns will permit them to. The roads were in good shape, but what would happen was the road would narrow and narrow and narrow because they didn’t have the quality equipment to blow that snow off the side 100 yards or 100 feet or whatever. And they did not use graders (patrollers with the wing on them) where they could come along and slice the top of that off so the next time the truck come it could blow it over the bank. And I’ll guarantee you they’ve made strides in building roads to help winter. Because you never build a road lower than the sub-grade out the side. Because when the wind blows, all the snow goes on the road. So you elevate the road so the snow blows crossed it. And they have done that in several places in the canyon. But the road equipment today is far superior. You have better tires on your automobile; you also have more four-wheel drives. So driving today is much easier than it was then. But in conversation with a lot of ladies that drive, it’s a terrible road! It’s unsafe! It ought to be closed! My goodness lady! [Laughing] CP: So what was the condition of the actual road in the ‘40s when you first started working? Was it paved all the way? TS: It was paved all the way – it was paved to Garden City. But it was much, much narrower. Over the years they have been able to widen the road in various places. Environmental restraints stop the road, like in the Forks, on up through there – environmental restraints have inhibited the width of that: right, wrong or indifferent it depends on which side of the fence you’re on. My complaint about the narrow road is that one tree blown across the road can stop traffic and I’m saying, “Wait a minute. Is this modern times or is this horse and buggy stuff?” And that’s one little complaint I have about some of the Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  7   �restrictions. I am very environmental. But I’m also on the safe side for you and I to travel the roads. BC: Yeah. TS: That’s where I’m coming from on that. We could do things to ruin that ski area, but we won’t do it; we won’t do it. Because once we take all the trees, once we push all the brush off and those things, now we’ve ruined the aesthetics and you’re probably not going to come up there. At least that’s our thinking; now maybe our thinking isn’t good. But that is our thinking on it. We’re in need of some more parking lot but we don’t have any place to go other than start cutting down trees. We’re not very enthusiastic about that. We’re in conversation with the state to use some of the flatland down below and they’re not very enthusiastic about that! Because of aesthetics. So what do you do? You say okay, we’ve only got parking for 800 cars and when anybody else comes, we send you home? Is that what you do? I guess it is. When the restaurant is full you sit down and wait until somebody leaves, don’t you? BC: Yeah, that’s true. TS: And that’s the only answer I have right now because my wife is part of this; one daughter and one son and their significant others. And I think they feel like I do, that we’re not willing to cut down trees to make a place for you to park: right, wrong or indifferent. So anyway, I keep getting off the subject. CP: That’s fine. I just wanted to ask you I guess during the 1960s they started to widen some of the road down here closer to Logan; and then during the ‘70s and ‘80s it was kind of in a gridlock because you know, they had to do the environmental assessment on the rest of the road to see if they could widen it further or straighten it further. And there was a lot of discussion I guess, in the valley and elsewhere, about how they should go about doing that. And there were some people I guess who were very, very much for the straightening and widening so they could get back and forth to the ski area, to Bear Lake – TS: Well not just ski area, but Bear Lake, but consider one other thing; think about one other thing besides you and I to ski and to camp and that. This guy that lives in Bear Lake – he doesn’t have access to a quality hospital. He has access to an ambulance, he has access to an ambulance – but he is 40 miles away if he lives in Garden City, from a quality hospital. Now do we deprive him of that privilege? CP: Right. TS: He’s got a hospital in Montpelier that’s like this one down here was 10 years ago. See. So there’s more to it than just a place for you and I to drive; there’s other people to think about to in the use of that – CP: So when all that debate was going on, did the people at the ski resort at all get involved with the discussion with the – Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  8   �TS: I sit on the board on Logan Canyon to decide – not decide – put input into the decision to do what we do with the highway. We are restricted extremely by the Corps of Engineers. The Corps of Engineers will decide what you’re going to do. Let me give you one example of what our group did just on the last section from the dug way – from the twin bridges – up. Okay originally there was a design on that big cut right at the top of the twin bridges, to take and cut that side off and go out around the side where all the timber is. We sat there and looked at that and said, “What kind of a fool’s trick is that? Why don’t we go this way, move the bridge downstream, we’ve got a barren hole here that we could lay the sides back, whatever degree you want. We’re going to cut down a few trees, very few, and you pull the road out of the shade and you put it up here on the hill and you don’t cut down all this old forest.” Well imagine that! Somebody else can think just a little bit too! So it’s just things like that, that they have people like me on the board because we all have tunnel vision occasionally. BC: And that board – you called the Logan Canyon Board? TS: I’ll think of the name of it in a minute. There’s ten people sit on it. And you know what? I’m the only one that doesn’t have my hand in the county or state’s pocket. I’m the only person that doesn’t draw a paycheck from a government agency. BC: So that was a sort of inner-governmental board? TS: Yeah, it’s still there. It’s still in effect. I would be getting called in – they’re getting close to doing a piece from the Beaver on up over to the Summit. My mind is getting weaker, but I’ll think of the name of that board in a minute. There’s ten of us on there but I’m the only one that doesn’t belong to a government agency. BC: So how do you feel with all the input and push and take – how do you feel like the road project came out? TS: I think it was good. See, had you been here 30 years ago that road from the head of the dugway was going to have cut right across the mountains and come in at Ricks Spring. It would have crossed the river twice. See the thinking on roads has changed so much in the last 50 years or 40 years. Years ago it was a straight line was the shortest route and the best route. Well, in some cases yes, but many cases, no. That would have been a hell of a mess if we’d have cut through and built a bridge across the road there and then cut that mountain and crossed the river again to come in at Rick’s Spring. And see you’d have the same thing at Hattie’s Grove. Instead of going around the bend and up – cut a chunk on the upper end of Hattie’s Grove off and Bear Hole, then up to the cattle guard. To me that wasn’t an appropriate route in those days – or even today even. So by getting more people together and talking about it – and you’re always going to have conflicts. No, I think they’ve done a good job on the road. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  9   �Mr. Weston who used to sit on the State’s – he used to sit on the UDOT Board [Utah Department of Transportation] (he used to be the president – they have a committee just like everybody else, the state does). He thought, “Well,” he said, “We’re going to get this middle section of the road done. We’re going to get that done eventually.” He says, “Now what we have is an hourglass. We’ve got good road on this end. We’ve got good road on this end, and we shrink down in the middle.” He thought that the public would demand that they do something through there. Well guess what? It won’t be in my lifetime. It won’t be in my lifetime that that will happen. And there’s not much in my mind that they can do there. Where do you go? You’ve got [a] steep mountain here and you’ve got river there. Where are you going? Are you going to put an overhand over the river and let them drive out there? [Laughing] You going to put up on the mountain 100 yards to get 10 more feet of road? I don’t think so. The only thing that I can see that gets obnoxious is that they elevate the road, raise the road up itself and leave the mountains. That ain’t gonna happen either. See, that’s what they were going to do in Little Cottonwood Canyon because of avalanches. BC: Hmm. They were going to elevate it? TS: No. What they were going to do is they were going to build a wall here and build a bridge over the road – just the opposite – and let the avalanches go over the road. Oh yeah! There was a big study on that. Because it’s big dollars! Huge dollars! And believe me, money talks! If you don’t think so, look at the last election. [Laughing] Let’s not get into that one. But anyway, you know we’ve done a lot of things at the resort and a lot of changes take place. Roads are important; I’ve been screaming for seven or eight years now that they get our entrance to the Beaver changed. And I finally got it this summer. Because see, what was happening there when you came out of the Beaver you would start a right hand turn – here comes the highway and you couldn’t see back up the road to see if anybody was coming because the snow was piled too high. And let’s be honest – the State can’t be responsible for every little piece of snow that you and I can’t see over; they just can’t do it. And so by making it come straight out at the road, now you and I can see up and down the road. Built a passing lane. Good. We haven’t had many accidents – to my knowledge we’ve never had a real serious accident there; we’ve never had a death. So maybe it wasn’t all that important. I’ve been cussed by a couple of people because it is a little inconvenient to turn and then have to get down, whereas the other way they’d be on the turn. But that’s okay, they’ll get over it. I think it’s a good thing. So yes. BC: So after you moved back down to Beaver when did the first major lifts come in? You said you had a rope tow and T-bar? Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  10   �TS: We had a rope-tow and then we put the T-bar in. Put the T-bar in ’48. BC: Um-hmm. And how far did the T-bar go up the mountain? TS: Okay. The T-bar went up about 1800-1900 feet. That was in ’47-’48. Then in 1960 we put the first chair lift in. That would be the Face Lift. It’s still there and it’s still in the same place. It hasn’t been remodeled; it does have a new drive; it does have new bull wheels top and bottom. Still use the same chairs, new rope; same terminals. So it’s basically the same place. The ticket office that’s there now was built in ’47. One of these days we’re going to find enough money to get it out of there. And in 1964 we put the Little Beaver Lift in. And the same year we put that in we built the Lodge. Now the Lodge has only been remodeled six times since we originally built it. And we’ve got a big addition going on it right now. And then in 1967 we put the T-bar in – which neither one of you I think has seen run. It was one of them good ideas that didn’t work. [Laughs] And then in 1969-70 we put the Dream Lift in. And then six years ago, whatever that was, we put Marge’s Triple in. Then we built a tube hill and that was another one of those good ideas that didn’t work. The only thing that we salvaged out of that is the yurt and the yurt deck. We turned that into – well we rent it out during the summer, okay. But now it’s rented every weekend in the winter (with family groups or birthday parties or whatever; some are a few weddings, things like that, family reunions, church groups, scout groups). But the yurt wasn’t a terrible investment, but the lift [to tow tubers up the hill] was. Of course we were able to sell that so that wasn’t too serious. CP: So when – I guess maybe we’re jumping ahead a little bit – so when snowboarding first became popular was there any discussion at all about what Beaver Mountain would allow and what they wouldn’t? TS: No. In the original – when snowboards first came out they had an organization (don’t ask me the name of it) that they had for boarders and had a gentleman from Salt Lake that would come up here, a young person. And he would watch you with your board and see what you could do with your board. And when he decided that you had the ability to get on the lift and off the lift with your board then he would give you a piece of paper or slip that said we may sell you a lift ticket because you now have the ability to board and get off the lift. Okay, at first we restricted them from Little Beaver. Why did we do that? Because we felt that the ability of a boarder to handle his board, we were concerned about mixing two beginners. We also used to keep them off the ridge for the same thing. And all that happened there was it created a big argument between our ski patrol and the boarders, because the boarders were always deaf to the ski patrol, to see if they could get down there without getting caught. But then what happened about the third year with boards – I jumped over this – boards did not have medal edges. Just like skis didn’t used to have medal edges. And so the industry said, “Wait a minute. You have got to have medal edges.” And why? Control, control. And so then they started to put medal edges on them Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  11   �and I think probably better bindings and blaty-blaty-blaty-blah. And today it’s – I think there’s only three ski areas in the United States that don’t permit them and two of them are in Utah: Alta and Deer Valley. And that’s a business decision they’ve made. So I don’t think you ever will see them at Deer Valley; I think someday possibly at Alta. And the reason I say that – these kids, the skiers and snowboarders now – they hang together, they all come up in the same car or whatever. They’re not like before, in my recollection of snowboards is that they were one bunch and skiers were another bunch; they didn’t co-mingle, but they do today. They ski the mountain together, they ride the same chair and eat lunch and all that. So Alta (between us girls) is actually losing skier days. Finest ski area in America, there ain’t nothing better than Alta. BC: Yeah. TS: Bar none. It’s the best. Their older set that skied there forever – the Spence Eccles and those types – do not want to mingle with the snowboarders because they’re a little lower grade of people. [Laughing] That’s the philosophy! And they have convinced Donald and before him Chick Martin, that Alta would be a better ski area without them. I do know of some things that we have problems with boarders. One is visibility, and we do have more collisions with boarders than we do with skiers. That is a problem. They’re smart-mouthed (boarders), but you know what? There are smart-mouthed skiers too! CP: Yeah. TS: It doesn’t all – just because you’ve got a board on you you can use bad language because you could put skis on you and use the same language. That’s kind of a far-fetched deal there. But no, boarding has changed a great deal and it’s probably 47-50% of our business. We haven’t done a little survey in a while. Depends on the day; depends on the day how many boarders we get. I think boarders are becoming more acceptable than they were 15 years ago, or 10 or five even. I have concerns over some over the other gimmicks that we’re using: bicycles on the mountain on snow. I have concerns over that. We talk about – I don’t know if you’ve ever – do you ski? CP: I do. TS: Okay. Have you seen them up there on their – they’re not a bicycle with tires but they sit on it, yeah. I have a problem with them in that they don’t have anything on their feet. And so when they get on and get off the lift they can leave bad marks in the snow. CP: Right. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  12   �TS: I think they have good control. Most of the people I’ve seen on them are a little older set. 100 years ago when Merlin Olsen and them guys were skiing we had what we called a “sit ski” and it was very similar to these. And my hell, when them guys would fall they’d leave a crater a size of this room! [Laughing] And not just him; I just can remember – I’m trying to think of the other guy that used to play football same time Merlin did. Both of them skied. My hell they’d get in the chair on the Face Lift together, the chair would almost come off the rope! [Laughing] Because, you know, they were both big people. But we don’t have them to rent and we probably won’t. How many things do you let on your mountains? You know? I think there’s a limit to what should be permitted on a mountain to have fun with. If somebody else wants to do it, that’s fine. And that’s Alta’s thinking on the snowboard and that’s Deer Valley’s thinking on the snowboard: let them go someplace else. There is a place for them so, there you go. CP: So I assume you’re a skier yourself? TS: Yep. CP: How long have you been doing that? All [of] your life? TS: Yeah. I won my first race at Alta at the age of 12. CP: Yeah? TS: I won at Snowbasin at the age of ten, before they had a lift. I won a metal at the NC2A [NCAA]. CP: Okay. TS: So, been around a little bit; been around a little bit. BC: So have you tried to snowboard? TS: No! [Laughing] No, something we ought to have at our resort is we ought to rent padding for first-timers. [Laughing] And thumb restraints. Because that’s what we’re hurting; we’re hurting thumbs, elbows and shoulders with boarders. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  13   �BC: Um-hmm; right. TS: The thing about boarding – a boarder the first day and a half, two days has more trouble than the skiers. But by the third day he run off and hide from skiers. It’s a faster learned sport. At least that’s what we’re seeing; even with or without lessons, it doesn’t seem to make that much difference. I don’t know why it’s easier to stand on a plank with two feet than it is to have two feet out here. I don’t understand that. But they do, they just run and hide from skiers. Yeah. CP: Um-hmm. TS: The demand that we have now for board use – we entertain a lot of schools. Last year I think we had 32 different schools. Some of them came twice, but not many – and the big demand was for boards. It cramps us to have enough boards for all the kids that want them. Another thing that’s happening in the ski industry in the last three years really has been strong is the helmets. And we have some helmets to rent, but on the weekends we pretty much rent whatever (I don’t know we’ve got 12 or 15 of them). When these kids’ schools come, every kid wants a helmet. CP: Um-hmm. TS: Are they necessary? I don’t know. I think there’s a deterrent with them. If you’re not going to fall and hit a tree, I don’t think you need one. If you’re going to hit the tree the next turn, then I think you better have one on! [Laughing] But they don’t solve all the problems; I’m sure they solve a hell of a lot of them, but they don’t solve them all. Like the girl that hit the tree up at Beaver last winter and broke her neck. But she hit – I mean I’m sure she had good speed – but it just pshh and that was it. If she’d had a concrete block on there she would’ve still done it; it’s just one of those things. And they happen. Thank goodness that’s the only second one in our ski area career, you know we feel good. We don’t feel good about it; we feel good that we’ve only had two. BC: Could you tell us a little bit about your relationship with the Forest Service? How does the ski area work within the National Forest? I assume you don’t own all the land, but do you own some of it, or . . . ? TS: None. BC: None. Okay. TS: Incidentally right now it is not owned by the National Forest. It’s owned by the SITLA. You know SITLA is the School Institute for Trust Land. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  14   �BC: Right, okay. TS: Years ago, early, early in life doing business (and I’m talking now when I’m 15, 16, 17 years old) listening to my dad talk to Owen Despain and all the other Forest Rangers that we’ve had; and MJ Roberts and on and on – Dave . . . BC: Baumgartner. TS: Yeah. Until environmental thing became strong we could do about whatever we wanted. In other words if we wanted to cut a trail here, we could cut a trail there; if we wanted to build a road here, we could build a road here. And then as the environmental movement got stronger, now we were more restricted; we had to do assessments and blahty-blahtyblah. And I’m not saying that’s right or wrong, but you asked about the association. BC: Right. TS: Life with MJ Roberts, when he was Ranger up here, became almost unbearable. BC: And when would he have been Ranger? TS: Dave Baumgartner replaced him. BC: Okay. So Dave came at about 1990 – TS: Yeah, 1990-something. But see MJ Roberts had a long, long span. MJ Roberts and I did not get along; at all. I guess we were both too hard-headed. BC: [Laughing] TS: Dad got along with MJ. But I couldn’t. MJ insisted on – we wanted to drill for water – MJ wouldn’t let us drill for water. You know why? Because he didn’t want a ski area on the National Forest. We had to have water! We were getting two gallons a minute from the Logan Canyon side through a pipe that was buried that deep [gesturing]. We had winters that that froze up – then what did we do? We hauled water up there in milk trucks and pumped up to the reservoir and then feed it back in during the day for our restrooms. There was things that wanted to go on Mount Logan that MJ – that would take power up there to run the microwaves and stuff that’s up there – MJ about had a fit! He wouldn’t let them put them on the poles because that was visible, and he also wouldn’t let them dig a trench because of erosion. So he was kind of anti-everything. The forest itself I don’t think was that way. You have to understand that every Forest Ranger runs his own district as if he owned it. BC: Um-hmm. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  15   �TS: Then when Dave Baumgartner got in – and others – life became a little easier because they could see all they was doing was tying our hands. There is a demand for skiing; there is a demand for picnic grounds; there is a demand for motor bikes. We have to have sacrifice areas. It can’t all be trees and cows and deer and elk. That forest is used by everybody; we all own it. We can’t destroy it; we can’t destroy it, but wise use. The difference between an MJ Roberts and Dave Baumgartner was let’s see what we can do and do it right. Fred Lebar was my mentor and he was Assistant Ranger under MJ Roberts. Fred Lebar could see – if I told you where we took the material on top of the mountain to build the Dream Lift, you’d call me a fibbing liar. I mean we pulled everything on top of the mountain behind dozers up roads that were that steep. Because MJ didn’t want a road built (which would have been much nicer). You go up there in the summer, you look up the rig and you see that road. BC: Yeah, huh. TS: We wouldn’t have had to build that road if he’d been not so dang hard-headed. So what happens? You build a road straight up a mountain – which way does water run? Straight down. You can build [in] all the cross members you want; until the sheep lay in them and knock them down and then you’re right back where you started again. But anyway, after Fred Lebar came in, I talked some sense into Fred; he talked MJ into letting us drill for water. He talked him into building better roads; a road that was out of sight out of mind to the top of the mountain. You can’t see it from the highway anywhere, and we could use it without all the watershed problems, this, that and the other. Then President Clinton made the Escalante Staircase down there a National Monument. BC: Monument, yeah. TS: Underneath that evidently is a lot of coal. And of course SITLA owned that land, but when they made it a National Park now SITLA was booted out. So in order to satisfy SITLA to replenish their income, they gave SITLA the privilege of choosing the land that they would like to own to replace what they had lost down there. Well that went on for two years and the attorneys fought and fought and finally the President stepped in and said, “Hey this is bullshit. You take what you need without disturbing the forest and the forest will relinquish it and do all these trades.” Well SITLA owned 17,000 acres of land in Franklin Basin. SITLA has one thing in mind, and that’s to make money. That’s their sole function is to make money. They were making somewhere between $2500 and $3000 a year leasing that out to sheep and cows. Not very much is it? The first year they claimed and took over Beaver Mountain they got a check for $30,000 – which would you rather own? [Laughing] Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  16   �You know? You don’t have to be too bright to figure that one out. The difference between SITLA and the forest is that SITLA wants you to do things that make money, because if you make money, we make money. Now, we run stuff by SITLA – we just had a meeting with them here a while ago. We’re up against a master plan; the county says we got to do a new one. So we met with SITLA and told them of things we wanted to do and they pretty much approved everything except a parking lot down on the road. Well, okay if they’re not willing to do that then we’re going to have to restrict people (some days) that want to come skiing. That’s just the way it works. Other than that, we pretty much have a green light. We do need more water if we ever want to make snow. We have enough water to give you a drink and flush the toilet. But if we ever want to make snow we do not have enough. SITLA would love to take all that land down there and develop it. I think it’s a ways off. I think it’s a long ways off after seeing – well we’ve all seen. We have some friends in Bear Lake that want to do some things with us up there to try and entice people to buy their property. And I talked to them the other day and they said, “Forget that for awhile because there isn’t any money.” There isn’t any money. BC: Yeah. TS: But that’s the difference. One wants you to do things to make money, the other was more apprehensive about growth, about growth. We never see SITLA. The only time we see them is when we send them a check! [Laughing] BC: So when you worked with the Forest Service did you actually have to buy a lease from them? Or how does that -- ? TS: Okay. SITLA and the forest – it used to be that we could get a ten year lease, then it went twenty, okay? Large ski area that have to borrow millions and millions of dollars, the banks wouldn’t loan them any money. So it took about six or seven years of the National Ski Area Association to go to Congress and say, “Look, we have got to extend the lease that permits on these ski areas because these people can’t grow. We need the long term to borrow money. We don’t need more land until we need more.” I mean you know how that works, you know? BC: Yeah. TS: I don’t need more potatoes until I empty my plate you know? And so finally they got the Forest Service to give us a 40 year permit; 40 year permit. SITLA doesn’t like it. I don’t care whether SITLA likes it or not! If I’m going to spend millions of dollars I want to know that my permit is safe; I want to know that my permit is safe. I’m not going up there to invest millions in this place and some attorney in Salt Lake that sits on SITLA’s board and says, “That’s too long of a lease.” I don’t give a damn what he thinks! You want to put your money into it Jack? So they’ve been pretty good. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  17   �They have wanted to re-write it. We have two permits there because at one time on the Beaver, on the Dream Lift – there’s 31 acres there on a run we call Gentle Ben that belonged to the forest. So (this is after the land trade) then we had to get another permit for that. Wait a minute, maybe I’m telling you the wrong story here. That was state land, that’s right. That was state land when it was forest because that little piece in there belonged to the state. The state owned the other side. So we had to get a permit from SITLA to use that 31 acres. Well now we’re still carrying that 31 acres and we’re carrying the other one for 1000 acres. And they’re kind of holding that over our head a little bit. Instead of putting both of them together (it would save us a little bit of money, but no very darn much). They want to re-write the permit and go from a 40 year permit (we’re good until 2038). And see then what we want in a permit is an automatic extension for five years and five years. Now, how good is our permit? I don’t know. BC: Yeah. TS: Until somebody really tests it and somebody wants to own Beaver Mountain and wants to kick us out, I guess that’s the day we’ll test it. My personal opinion is, the way it would really be tested if somebody came in and wanted to develop all this down here, wanted to take this 3000 acres and they wanted the ski area to do it and so they put the bite on the state, says, “We won’t do it unless we own the ski area.” Then I think you’d start to see some fur fly. I think that’s when it would get down dirty and ugly. But that’s not going to happen in my lifetime. Because the money isn’t out there to buy. Bear Lake’s got what? 500 lots over there to sell? BC: Yeah. TS: Why would you buy one at Beaver Mountain? If you wanted to use Bear Lake’s you’ve got the 12-15 mile travel; you could own one at Bear Lake and sit on the lake in the golf course, if you want to go skiing you drive your 13 miles, go skiing and come back to your place. That’s what I think. To me, Beaver Mountain is not a very attractive place, unless that’s all you want to do and have a summer home. Then Beaver Mountain is not a very attractive place. Whoever does it has a got a big row to hoe: they’ve got to bring more power in. Now sewage is the big problem; we can bring power in and we can drill for water – but something’s got to happen to that sewage. CP: Yeah. TS: And if you come in there with a 500 unit development or 200 unit development – that’s a hell of a lot of sewage. CP: You can’t just get a septic tank, you know. TS: That’s BIG septic tank! We have seven septic tanks. We have seven septic tanks and we pump them twice a year. Knock on wood, our drain fields are still holding up. See, a lot of that land up there is clay. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  18   �BC: Yeah. TS: And clay doesn’t take water. Well, when we hit a rock bed we just jump up and down! We just jump up and down. But you know, I don’t think it’s going to happen for awhile. But that was SITLA’s mission: to make money for the state of Utah. BC: Right. TS: And they do make a lot of money. They do make a lot of money for the state. They have coal fields and that down there that are generating $100,000 a month! That’s a lot of money for the school systems! A lot of money, that’s fine. The only thing I object to is that Cache County charges us property tax on that land – not on the lift and that (they charged on that, and that’s fine), but they are charging us property tax on that (I call it real property) – BC: Right. TS: Okay, as if we owned it as developable property. They’re saying out of this 1,000 acres, 800 of it is developable. And I’m saying, “Bullcrap.” BC: Yeah. TS: It’s not developable! You’re not going to build on 32% slopes! CP: [Laughing] TS: And I haven’t been able to convince them (and I haven’t taken them to court) over the fact that we really don’t want to give you $30,000 in taxes for something we don’t own. BC: No. TS: Now, it ought to be one or the other: we either ought to pay the state or we ought to pay the county. One of the two, but not both, at least that’s my thinking. I’m sure I’d get some arguments over that. [Phone ringing] Yeah, that’s my wife. Excuse me, please. CP: Sure. [Stop and start recording] CP: Make sure it’s going there. Alright, we’re back. So we were just talking about your relationship with government agencies and things that you have leases from and everything, for the ski area. Just to kind of maybe get a base line here – we talked about SITLA and the Forest Service; there’s some state land that you all lease from right now. When you first started working at the ski resort was the land ownership different than it is today? Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  19   �TS: Well the land ownership when we first started, either up at the Sinks or down at the Beaver, was all Forest Service land. Either place it was. And then – hmm, I’d have to look it up, but probably nine years ago it was turned over to SITLA, which is the School of Institutional Trust Lands and they became the landlords. Their function is to develop the land and make money for the school systems. So it’s just been the two different land owners; both of them with very different missions – not different missions, but different attitudes. One wants to make money and the other doesn’t care whether they make money or not because they get a blood transfusion every July. But SITLA needs to make their own money for themselves, the people that run it and also for the school systems. So that in essence is the two different people that we do business with. We do have to account to Cache County for all building permits, for taxes, for building inspections, for food service inspections, for water testing, all of those types of things. So we’re just like any other. We’re almost [like a] city in that we have to adhere to all the rules and regulations almost that Logan City would have to adhere to. Safe drinking water, fire prevention, water systems for fire – you name it. We do have ambulance service up there, we do have ski patrol that has excellent facilities to take care of injured; we do not have the ability to shock a patient in case of some heart problems from afibrillation – we do not have that, but almost that good of communications with them. As soon as the county gets this 800 megahertz [MHz] in, then we will have direct support from the hospital to run some of this equipment that we do not have – oh, you get 100 people and somebody doesn’t know what they’re doing, but with the direct support from the hospital and this 800 MHz comes in will be a good thing. It will also mean that the Fire, Sheriff’s Department, Police Department can talk all the way through Logan Canyon without the help of repeaters. They’ve tested it; they can talk right from Third Dam to Garden City from the top of the Beaver. And this side is being developed; they’ll build it next year which will be a good thing. There’s no site up there for cell phones; there’s a little difficulty there going on between the state and federal government because the state wants it on their land because they make a lot of money off of cell phone towers. CP: Um hum. TS: SITLA has given the state the right of way over the land to get to Beaver Mountain. But also written in that right of way is the fact that they will not be permitted to put cell phones on their tower. CP: Ah. TS: Right, wrong or indifferent, when you have the power you can do what the deuce you want, you know? CP: Right. TS: If you have to ask permission you do what you are told usually. That’s the way it works. So, it will be a good thing. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  20   �CP: So, can you think of any government policies: national, local, state policies that have had a major impact on your operations over the years? TS: The big thing was when they made our permits to the National Ski Area Association they made the permits for forty years. But also within that system is the fee system; it’s locked in for forty years. With so much based on income; as you make more money you pay more. It’s based on a million income, two million, three, four, five up to a hundred million dollars: which some ski areas would do; some of your large Colorado areas. And it is all predicated on the dollar’s worth. When the dollars up it costs us a little more and when the dollars down it costs us a little less. It is something that set in concrete so small little resorts don’t have to go negotiate that with our Forest or the state or whoever owns the land. If you are on private land then that is something else. But we do pay income taxes on every dollar that comes in like anybody else. We do pay sales tax. We do have a small exemption on sales tax and that is for the lifts, our snow making equipment, our snow grooming equipment. Now why did the state of Utah do that? Because Colorado has no sales tax on lift tickets; so we compete directly with Colorado for skiers. (Not Beaver Mountain so much but the Salt Lake resorts.) So the Utah Ski Association met with the legislator a number of years ago and said “Hey look, we are at a disadvantage; we need something to kind of offset this sales tax on lift tickets.” So they did give us the exemption on the purchase of ski lifts, on the maintenance of them and on snow making and on snow vehicles: over the ground vehicles. But that is the only break we get. CP: So how has the environmental movement changed what you do at the ski area? Have there been any laws enacted or anything like that or environmental laws that have changed how you [do things]? TS: Not that I am aware of. The state is not immune to the environmental movement. But they are immune to . . . In other words if SITLA did not want to adhere to Cache County rules they wouldn’t have to. They’d just tell the County to go jump in the lake. They may end up in court. I’m not saying they wouldn’t do that. But, I remember a statement that the director of SITLA [made]. He came up here I took him around and introduced him to all the [Cache] County Commissioners and Lynn Lemon and all those people that’s involved in that, our state representatives when this thing was taking place. And the lady who was chairman of the County Commission asked this person “Well, would you adhere to County zoning?” And he said “Yes, if it doesn’t interfere with what we want to do.” What did he tell her? “Yeah, if you don’t bother us, we’ll go along with you.” You know. CP: Right. TS: So that’s between the state and the county. Our deal with the county, we have a master plan: we work on a master plan. We have to submit drawings, we have to get building permits. Blah de blah de blah; so nothing’s really changed. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  21   �CP: So aside for that one forest ranger that you mentioned, your relationships has been pretty good with the government? TS: They have, they have. You have to give and take. You can’t be overly demanding, but you have to go in and – See the difference between the Beaver Mountain and the Forest Service: we have to make money because we don’t get a blood transfusion every 12 months; we have to make our own money. And if they make life so miserable and so expensive that we can’t make a profit and then we cease to exist. So they have to be (I don’t know what word I want to use here) but they have to be sympathetic to our needs because Beaver Mountain entertains more people on that 1,000 acres of land than the Forest Service does – not on the whole Cache – but on the Cache/Blacksmith fork/Logan Canyon and then up toward Richmond. We entertain more people than all the campgrounds and that put together on this part of the Cache except maybe during the deer hunt. CP: Whoa. TS: So as far as campers, trailers, hikers, bikers, horse riders; we entertain more than they do. We entertained last year 87,000 people. CP: So what kind of – you know, 87,000 now – what kind of increase have you seen since you started working at Beaver Mountain? TS: When I was a kid and we were up at the Sinks, lift tickets were $1 a day. And I can remember when $39 was a big day. CP: Wow! TS: This book right here you saw me digging out? CP: Uh-huh? TS: That book, that book is one that my folks kept that tells what money income was at the ski area. For example, (let me go back) – [flipping through pages of a book] CP: This is a ledger? TS: Yeah, this is a ledger. CP: With the date? TS: This is the date: on December 15, 1956 we took in $47.25 on the lift and $13.30 on the shelter, in 1956. CP: Uh-huh. Yeah. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  22   �TS: So how many people is that? I don’t know what lift tickets were at that time. This doesn’t tell me. For the month of December we generated $1,128; in the food service we generated $331. CP: That’s where the money is, or was then. TS: Yeah! I mean, you know. And here it says it started a lift December 19, 1954. December 19 they did $41.25 on the lift and $12.80 on food service. The month of December we did $175.50 on the lifts. That’s not very much money! CP: No, no. Especially now, with passes being a few hundred dollars, so. TS: And this goes back – I talked to you about the Mount Logan Winter Carnival; Mount Logan Ski Club Carnival – here’s all the people that raced and the times. And a lot of these people are still alive, like Jerry Wallace and Max Sears, John Croft – these are people that are my age. Eldon Larsen’s dead, but I mean that doesn’t mean anything to you, but my dad kept records of everything. CP: Yeah. So what years, what time periods does that book cover there? TS: [Looking in the book] March 10, 1946. And here’s the cross country, the snow sculpture I talked to you about snow sculpturing. CP: Uh-huh. TS: American Vets Rotary Club Mountain something, somebody – I can’t remember. (Some of the book’s had water spilled on it.) But this book here, this little one, gives all the times that our people worked. This one is not so old here; who worked, how many hours and what their pay was. It’s kind of fun to dig back in that when we paid people $2.20 and hour. CP: Right, right. TS: You know, kids in high school. CP: So how have people’s demands changed? Skiers’ demands changed over the decades? TS: Well. CP: I’m sure what skiers expect from Beaver Mountain is much different than something they might expect somewhere in Park City, or – TS: Right, right. It depends. Skiers today want lifts that run good, lifts that are comfortable; they would like high speed lifts. Beaver Mountain can’t afford high speed lifts for a couple of reasons: first of all the expense in buying them; and second of all, the expense Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  23   �in hiring the qualified people to run the electrical system in them. See you would need – on high speed lifts – you have to hire EEs (Electrical Engineers). CP: Really? TS: What would you have to pay an Electrical Engineer? $50, $60, $70,000 a year? Psh. Maybe $80 maybe $90? That’s a lot of money! CP: Right. TS: Where we can get guys with the lifts we have now, we can hire them for 35-$40,000. CP: Um-hmm. TS: But the public does want the faster lifts; they want better groomed ski runs (which we have the ability to do); they want good food, fast; they want a place to lounge (which you can’t always supply – you get 1,000 people, you’re lodge holds 300 you know, somebody’s going to have to leave) that’s a problem for us. We do not have the problems with our clientele that the Salt Lake resorts do. Why? Most of our skiers are local. 85% of their skiers are out of state, probably people that make a little more money who seem to be more demanding. Now somebody don’t misunderstand what I just said, “seem to be.” You can talk to the guys and gals that work at Alta on the lifts and they’re very happy when spring comes because they’re tired of putting up with people who are demanding. CP: Right. TS: The Deer Valley will tell you the same thing; Park City will tell you the same thing. We have a totally different – not totally – but pretty much different clientele than they have. So a ski area ought to be a fun place to work, because whomever’s there is having fun; they want to have fun. They’re there for enjoyment. Maybe they only take one ride and go out and tailgate the rest of the day. CP: Yeah. TS: But that’s their entertainment! That’s what they do! Who says that because you buy a lift ticket that you’ve got to make 15 runs a day? It’s an activity, it’s a sport, it’s a recreation, it’s a happening. CP: Yeah, yeah. TS: And we’re seeing more and more of that all the time. We’re selling, oh 4 or 5,000 season passes. Do you think them people are going to come up there everyday and beat their head against the wall and run, run, run? No. They’re there for the experience; they’re there to have fun; they’re there to socialize. CP: Right. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  24   �TS: That’s good. That’s the way it should be; that’s the way it should be. Sure we have young people that come up there (and older ones) that they got to get as many runs as they can get because they spent $38 for a lift ticket and “by God, I’m going to get my money!” Fine, fine. You can ski just as dang hard as you want. It doesn’t bother me. If you want to go out and tailgate on your parking lot and fix whatever you fix – fine with me! Just don’t leave your mess! [Laughing] CP: So then back in the ‘40s, you’re saying that basically the people just wanted a way to get up the mountain and – TS: Okay. Back in the ‘40s we had a different ski area than we got today. CP: Right. TS: Back in the ‘40s you had the outdoor, mountaineering-type person – that was rugged (I don’t like that word), but the rugged type individual. Today what have we got? The sick, the lame and the lazy! [Laughing] Included with these others. CP: Right. TS: Who would’ve ever thought back in 1940 that you would have had adaptive scheme for somebody that didn’t have his legs. CP: Mm-hmm. TS: Or somebody that didn’t have any arms; or somebody that couldn’t stand up that had to be in a wheelchair. Who would’ve ever thought of that in 1940? We’ve got them everyday up at the Beaver! CP: Uh-huh. TS: Thank the good Lord there’s people that are willing to do that for those people. CP: Uh-huh. TS: We, at Beaver, try to make life easy for them. We donate lift tickets to those people. And here again, what I just said, the sick, the lame and the lazy. And I don’t mean that derogatory, but that’s how it’s changed! We don’t just have a fur coat that we pull on and go skiing, we got underwear and we got clothing that would keep you warm at 40 below! CP: Right. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  25   �TS: And doesn’t have to be six inches thick like the old suits we used to wear. And the big awkward shoes and four layers of socks! Now we wear one layer of thin socks and keep warmer than the days when we wore six pair of socks! CP: Yeah? TS: So things have changed. Our equipment has gotten better; the lift has gotten better, the food service has gotten better, the lodging has gotten better. Not just at Beaver Mountain, at ALL resorts. CP: So have you ever tried to actively draw any of the crowd from Salt Lake City? TS: No. CP: Never tried? Never had any desire. TS: Well, okay. We do a little of it. But why should I solicit you if I don’t have a place for you to stay? CP: Right, right. I mean you’ve got your niche, so. TS: Yeah, we’ve got a niche! CP: Right. TS: We think that if we ever get Bear Lake organized – have you been to Bear Lake lately? CP: I have! TS: Have you been there this winter? CP: I haven’t been this winter. Last time I went was – well, actually last time I went was this summer. TS: Okay, there was a few food places open, a few places to go eat weren’t there? CP: Uh-huh. TS: A couple of service stations, weren’t there? CP: Yeah. TS: Do you know what you’d find if you went over there now? CP: What’s that? Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  26   �TS: You’d find three food services open – one of them’s just Thursday, Friday, Saturday; the other one’s open seven days a week and the other one’s open five days a week. Is there a grocery store? Well, not as big as this office we’re in. [Laughing] See. You got a place to go to a movie? CP: Uh-huh, TS: Do have a place to go bowling? CP: No, none of that. TS: Have you got a bar to go in? What have you got? Nothing. So would you want to take a vacation and go and stay at Bear Lake with nothing to do after seven o’clock at night? Probably not. So why should I solicit you to come to a place that I don’t have a place for you. CP: Right. TS: Now, let’s be honest. I think there’s people out there that we could solicit and tell them honestly what we are that would come and stay at a hotel/motel in Logan, and travel the 30 miles to the resort. Why? Mon-ey! They can stay down there for 40, 50, $60 – whatever it is – they can ski for $40. CP: Um-hmm. TS: That’s a damn cheap ski trip. CP: A good deal. TS: It is! But you have to be willing to relinquish the assets that are at Deer Valley or Park City. CP: Right. TS: You have to say, “Well they’re not of value to me.” I don’t have them, I don’t have any money to pay for them either. CP: So has anyone in your business actively tried to encourage development of Bear Lake at all, or is that kind of outside your – TS: I think they need a large convention center over there; they need a decent grocery store over there. They need some entertainment over there. But what I can understand, that of the people that own homes in Bear Lake, Garden City, all that area – that maybe 5% of Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  27   �them use them year-round, and the other 95 are used for a few weeks out of the year when Bear Lake is handy or if they came from the Wasatch Front, come up here and take over the Christmas Holidays. We do get quite a few people from the Wasatch Front over Christmas because they own places over there. But for us to go out and solicit large groups of people to come to Beaver, it might work once, but you’d never get them back. You’d never get them back because we are not that kind of a ski area. We’re that kind of a ski area, but we’re not that kind of a facility ski area (if that makes sense to you). CP: Yeah. TS: People say “Well look at all these people that go to Park City!” I said “My Lord! Look at Park City! It’s a mile long with stores on every side: hotels, motels, bars, eating food, rent skis, buys skis, buy a fur coat, buy a diamond ring, what do you want?!” CP: [Laughing] And they got a airport, you know, not very far away, so. TS: Yeah! See, so that what I think most ski vacationers want. Not all, not all. CP: Convenience. Yeah. TS: Convenience! I was in Ketchikan five years ago. And at Ketchikan these – CP: Alaska? TS: Alaska. Ketchikan, Alaska. Where these ships come in from these people that are on these cruises; cruise ships come in there. There were two cruise ships come in there that would hold roughly 4,800 people a piece. They both pulled up to the dock; long as a football field; four stories high – I don’t know how big. And we’d sit in there waiting for an airplane out of there, we had a day to loiter. And the town there at Ketchikan is about four blocks long, (the whole thing it’s a lot longer than that). Those tours were totally full of those people coming to buy stuff to take home. You think those locals didn’t know it? You could walk there at 10 o’clock and there would’ve been nobody in the store, but at 11 it would have been full of people taking your money and people shopping. And they would blow the whistle and all those people would leave and they’d go back on the boat and it was a ghost town again. So people will spend the money if you’ve got a place for them to spend it. And you don’t have that at Bear Lake. Now, summer pretty good; winter, not so good. CP: Well I just wanted to go back and ask you one more question about an environmental policy that’s come up in recent years, and just was wondering if it affected your business at all. Just the debate over motorized versus non-motorized transportation: snowmobiles – TS: It hasn’t got onto to us because we so far have been able to keep the snowmobilers out of there in the winter: because skiers and snowmobilers collide. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  28   �CP: Um-hmm. TS: If they go up there on the mountain and they dig a deep hole and some skier falls in it, hurts himself, who’s responsible? I don’t know where that guy is that left it with a snowmobile. Those are things that we get concerned about when we groom, that we don’t leave bad places for you to drop a ski or a board in and get hurt. Those are things that we try to avoid. No, we have stayed out of that fight between the cross-country skier and the snowmobiler. No, it hasn’t affected us because we’re a different – no, we don’t permit them to park in our parking lot; we need it for our people. There’s a parking lot down there, go use that and if it’s not big enough, don’t bother me go to the state. That’s their concern, not mine. CP: Right. TS: See, what happened with the environmental movement – when we first started to develop in the ski area in 1977. We had to do a big master plan: that was it. (Fact it was before it.) So what we did, we hired some people to make all the lines and the circles, and write the write-ups. And we had two meetings and we invited all the politicians, we invited all the environmental community, of course the Forest Service, ski groups, anybody else. And we met at the ski area. We had a few hundred people show up and we had about eight tables. And we had a chairman at each table: he talked about power, or he talked about whatever it was – cutting trees, or putting up ski lifts, or parking lots, or whatever. And so all of these environmental groups, they came and they got their input, they got their input to what they thought ought to happen. And those inputs were considered and then we wrote up the EIS (Environmental Impact Statement) and those things were put in there weighed against something else. You know what? We never had one complaint from the environmental community because they were invited to have their say. Now if we would’ve done that without including them, they would’ve found reasons to block it or get our master plan. But because they were involved, they had input into it, they were happy with that. So, we’ve done a couple of things right. CP: Right, right. I just wanted to ask another thing about how the ski area has changed over the years. How has it changed in terms of summer use? TS: Okay, years ago – of course when we were in the Sinks, we had nothing. We come into Beaver in ’47, we had nothing. Then about 12-15 years ago we decided to try summer activities. And so we planted three semi loads of grass out around the deck at the lodge so that it looked nice. We cleaned up all the brush and the rocks, we cleaned all that up. I got pictures to show you what it looked like, the devil. And so then we put the RV hookups; put in 15 of those. And slowly we started renting them. So now 15 on the weekends, 16 is not enough. So we put people on what we called the “upper side” and they can run a cord and get power; they don’t have sewer, they don’t have water. And then we have tent sites; six tent sites. Some of them one tent, two tents; some of them 7, 8, 9, 10 tents. We have permanent pitch tents. We have four, ten-man tents that are permanently pitched that you can rent for whatever you want. And you have water there, but no power, no sewer. But we do have toilets, temporary toilets. Then we have the yurt, we rent the yurt out. That’s Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  29   �rented out a lot in the summer. The day lodge, we rent the day lodge out. So we’ve gone from doing nothing, to finding everything we’ve got at the resort where we can put a tent, where we can put an RV spot. Now we can build some more RVs in the upper parking lot, we can do that and we will do that. But we’re looking for a little more demand because you understand in economics if you build and they don’t come, you still get to pay for it. CP: That’s right. TS: But when there’s enough demand and you build and you know they’re going to come, then you’re fine. So maybe our financial philosophy is different than the others: we don’t like to borrow money. We don’t borrow money. Beaver Mountain has not borrowed money since 10, 11 years ago when my wife and I bought my brothers and sisters out, we didn’t have the money so we had to borrow it. Since then we’ve been able to do whatever we’ve done, on our own money. And that’s good because we do not build, we do not spend before we’re sure of our return. That’s the way it works. That’s the way it should work! It’s worked for us. CP: So then, just to kind of sum up everything we’ve talked about – what do you feel is the future of Beaver Mountain? What do you think will happen after, when you pass it on to someone else? TS: Well, I don’t know what’s going to happen, but what I hope happens – two of our kids and their significant others are in the business with us. Our son Travis is around 50-ish; Jeff [son-in-law] is around 57, 58. Travis doesn’t have any boys; Jeff’s got two boys. At the present time they’re not very interested in the business. Will they become interested? Will the girls take it over and run it, do the man’s work? I don’t know, I don’t know. I would like to see it stay in the family; I’m sure my folks would, you know? What happens with development down below? Are they going to find an opportunity there to sell it and walk away from it and make a lot of money? Or will they cherish it like we have and say, “No, I don’t need the money, I don’t need the money”? I think the ski area will grow more. I think there will be a couple more lifts put in; there’s going to be some lodge additions, those types of things. We know that there’s going to be more food service put in up towards the other side of the ski patrol building. There’s going to be some buildings put in over at Marge’s Triple for food service and for restrooms; that’s going to happen. So I see the ski area staying together, unless, as we talked earlier, that the state finds a buyer for the whole thing and the only way he’ll buy it is if the ski area’s included and they find a way to boot us out of there. So that’s my hope. Now are you the one that asked about a mission statement? CP: No. TS: Oh, I got another meeting at 12:15 or something with somebody else on similar stuff. They want to talk about bicycles and summer bicycle rides and where’s your mission Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  30   �statement? Where are you headed? Well, I think mission statements are for a little bigger company than we are. I think if you sat Jeff in that corner and Travis and the rest of them in these other corners, you went around and asked them, “What do you think is going to happen to Beaver?” I think almost without exception you would get the same answer, because we’re a small company and we have meetings and get-togethers all the time and discuss where we’re going, so. Anyway, we’ll see what he wants to know. CP: Right. So you think it will stay – TS: A “Ma and Pa”? CP: Yeah a “Ma and Pa” that caters to a local crowd? TS: I think so. CP: Think so. TS: They say Logan is going to double in the next 20 years. Maybe, maybe. We do have room up there to build more day lodges and that if we need. We hope to build one now, we got problems with the ski shop, we got problems with the ski school, we got problems in food service. We need more room. We need more locker space, if you want to rent a locker. Our lockers are totally booked, and they have been. People they keep them and if they decide they’re not going to stay, they turn it over to somebody else. CP: Do you think that the warmer climate is going to affect the way that your business is run? TS: I read an article here awhile ago that scared me to death because they predicted that by 2038 it would not snow – and that’s the last year of our permit with the state. How expensive would that be? Yeah, I’m concerned over the climate. But the thing that bothers me is Congress or whoever, the Environmental Protection Agency, is not willing to let business do things that we hold down the greenhouse gases. They’re still running their coal-fired generating plants, when they could put nuclear in, that puts out one-tenth the emission. CP: Right. TS: And probably safer, if the truth was known. They said we would have to have two Chernobyls a week to be any more than dangerous than the coal-fired plants. Do you think we’re going to have two of them a week? I don’t think so. Three mile island? I don’t think so. Now, they’re talking about the down-winders. Yeah, that was probably a mistake. No, I don’t know. I think sometimes people do these things and say these things to try and get some notoriety. I wish they had a little more technical data to tell us about before they opened their yip. You know? Everybody wants to be up here; everybody wants to be the knowledgeable guy or gal and I think sometimes the stuff they throw at us is total bullcrap. But it is a concern because we do not have the snow now that we had when I was a kid. We do not have that, I know that. I know that. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  31   �CP: What kinds of measurements do you remember? TS: Well, that’s been so long ago. I can remember years of 120 inches of collected snow. We can get 350-400 inches of snowfall, but it settles down;120-140. But now, if we get 80 or 90 it’s pretty good. CP: Right. TS: It’s pretty darn good. I can’t remember what last year’s was, I’d have to – let me write that down in the book that I don’t have here. CP: It was pretty good last year. TS: Oh the skiing was good, yeah! It was slow coming. We didn’t open until the 22nd of December! CP: Right. TS: I remember one year, ’77 or ’79 we opened the 23rd of February and closed the 15th of March. That wasn’t too prosperous; we didn’t make too much money that year. CP: Um-hmm, right. So you save your money during the good years for when you have lean years? TS: Well some people save for a sunshiny day and we save for a rainy day. CP: Yeah? TS: But you know, it’s been good to us. And so I’ve been wise with our money, we’ve tried not to overbuy; we’ve tried not to over-speculate. Yeah, we’ve made mistakes; will we make more? Oh yeah, I’m sure we will. If we do anything we will, if we do anything we’ll make mistakes. It will be interesting to see what happens in the – wish I could look back on this in 10 years and remember what we talked about. But I think the ski area will continue to grow, as long as we have winter. As long as we market it right and treat our people right – and that’s part of marketing – and provide a fair service for a fair price. That’s what it’s all about. If you didn’t like hotdogs you got a Joe’s, you wouldn’t go you’d go somewhere else won’t you? CP: That’s right. TS: Yeah, that’s right. And our transportation any more, yeah it’s kind of expensive, but it’s not very far to Powder Mountain or Snowbasin, or Wolf Mountain, or you get a little further down into Salt Lake. But it doesn’t seem like it bothers people to drive that far anymore. CP: Yeah, well is there anything that you’d like to add? Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  32   �TS: No, I’ve probably said more than I got knowledge to say. But if you have any questions – why, the phone’s here. Don’t be afraid to call. CP: Sure. TS: Don’t be afraid to call. And I’m sure I’ve missed a lot of stuff, but you know, you can’t live a lifetime in two hours. CP: Right, right. Well, it was good to talk to you. TS: It was good to talk to you and good luck to you with what – [Stop recording] Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Ted  Seeholzer     Page  33   � Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Where else is this found? Give the URL for the item, if it is in another respository (like CONTENTdm) <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/337">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/337</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Hosted by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Conversion Specs Recording equipment: Marantz PMD660 Digital Recorder Transcription equipment: Power Player Transcription Software: Executive Communication Systems Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2012-10-17 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ted Seeholzer interview, 19 November 2008, and transcription Description An account of the resource Ted Seeholzer is the owner of the Beaver Mountain ski area in Logan Canyon and talks about the history of Beaver Mountain (which has been owned by his family since its inception), and his varying roles with the ski resort – beginning in childhood. He also discusses his interactions and relationship with the Forest Service and School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration (SITLA) over the years. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Seeholzer, Ted, 1932- Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cole, Bradford R. Pumphrey, Clinton R., 1984- Subject The topic of the resource Seeholzer, Ted, 1932---Interviews Seeholzer, Ted, 1932---Family Seeholzer, Ted, 1932---Career in the Ski Industry Beaver Mountain Ski Resort (Logan Canyon, Utah)--History Beaver Mountain (Utah) Fishing--Utah--Logan River Hunting--Cache Valley (Utah and Idaho) Shupe, Don Skis and skiing--Utah--Logan Canyon--History Ski resorts--Utah--Logan Canyon--History Seeholzer, Harold Seeholzer, Luella Sinks (Logan Canyon, Utah) Utah State University. Forestry Field Station Camp Roads--Utah--Logan Canyon Roads--Snow and ice control--Utah--Logan Canyon Roads--Widening--Utah--Logan Canyon--Citizen participation Skis and skiing--Utah--Beaver Mountain Snowboarding--Utah--Beaver Mountain Utah. School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration Cache National Forest (Utah and Idaho) United States. Forest Service Land use--Utah--Logan Canyon Winter festivals--Utah--Logan Canyon--Anecdotes Skis and skiing--Utah Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Oral history Interviews Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan Canyon (Utah) Beaver Mountain (Utah) Sinks (Logan Canyon, Utah) Bear Lake Valley (Utah and Idaho) Mount Logan (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Logan (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1930-1939 1940-1949 1950-1959 1960-1969 1970-1979 1980-1989 1990-1999 20th century 2000-2009 21st century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections & Archives, Logan Canyon Land Use Management Oral History Collection, FOLK COLL 42 Box 4 Fd. 5 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. Inventory for the Logan Canyon Land Use Management Oral History Collection can be found at: <a href="http://library.usu.edu/folklo/folkarchive/FolkColl42.php">http://library.usu.edu/folklo/folkarchive/FolkColl42.php</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Fife Folklore Archives Curator, phone (435) 797-3493 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Logan Canyon Land Use Management Oral History Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FolkColl42bx4fd5TedSeeholzer Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 19 November 2008 Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 2008-11-19 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. Logan Canyon Reflections https://highway89.org/files/original/7033bc914d7c6d6166f9a6211f0a0168.pdf 80110a75dc351fac007ee34f45363b6f PDF Text Text Utah Wilderness Association 455 East 400 South #306/Salt Lake City,UT 84111/(801)359-1337 8 Febr'uary 198,' Mr. Desmond Anderson 107 South 300 East Logan, Utah 84321 Dear Mr. Anderson: Thanks for your note concerning our involvement in the Logan Canyon fray. I'm so r r y t hat you ha ~) e ape r c e p t ion t hat UIAA i s not ~) i go r 0 \J sly i n \) 0 1 ve din the f i gh t tom a i n t a i nth e e xis tin ~J qua 1 i t y 0 fLo g a n Can yon. l' m not sur e ~I} her' e you get such a perception. Although am playing a 1 imited role in Logan Canyon (it is a matter of time and an abundance of issues!), UWA has played a substantive role. Of course, there are many ways to get involved in an issue. Because we bel ieve the best way to show the values of Logan Canyon will come from Cache Valley folks, we have supported the t.l}ork of CPLC. At the same time Tom Lyon is a long time Ut~A board member and speaks frequently for UWA. Jack Spence has also represented Ul~A on Logan c an yon i ssu es over the ye ar' s. Within the last couple of weeks both Jack Spence and Steve Fl int asked me for suggestions and input on a number of issues relating to Forest Service decision making within the context of the Logan Canyon project. I was then able to organize a meeting with the key Cache Valley environmental ists and the tJ a sat c h - Ca c heN a t ion a 1 For est S tJ per vis 0 r, De put y For est Sup e r I,i i 50 r, ·f 0 res t planner and the District ranger. We met for about two hours in a very positive, productive and successful meeting. T his i s the so r' t 0 f r' ole we 1 ike top 1 a yin t his kin d (I -( ani S f-· U i? The r' e will be one ~lJay to st op the denigration of Logan Canyon- '-publ ic support for maintaining the canyon basically as is and opposition to major alterations. No magic! 1 know Tom Lyon, J a c k Spen ceo r S t eve F1 i n t will ve r i f you r' dee p con c e r' nan d involvement for the issue. I urge you to contact them to clarify any other concerns about UWA's involvement in Logan Canyon. I doubt a week goes by when Jack Spence does not have me on the phone discussing where we go next. And we are deeply supportive and appreciative of his efforts (and yours). We rely on this kind of help. 1 must admit that I'm frustrated with your allegations, but understand your deep passion for Logan Canyon. I hold such feel ings also. I 1 ive in Hyrum and was a student at USU in the late 60~s and early 70 s and have always considered Logan Canyon a remarkable place. Although 1 hope you will consider joining UWA, I'm taking the time to r@spond in this much detail not to recruit you as a member, but clarify a misconception and show you, hopefully, there are many models for involvement in issues. Please understand that there are J �1 i lerally dozens o·f "Looar C~. n yo n ,=-" through o ut Utah and Ut'''f~ jl:; slretched 1 i HI its de ali n 9 ',oJ i t h tho s e i =sue ~. . l~ e TTl a i n t a ina l;J a rye)' e t (I . being too provincii3.1. bey (I n d i rTf a 9 i rI a b 1 p. 1< E: e p /' (I U Pa !:. =. i (I n h i 9 han d ere d i b 1 e and Bes t, , ;/ / ' (~ I / '" I' I, ' I Lti, v 'v () I eke a r· t e r· Coordinator ~ - cc: Lyon, Flint, Spence t\l e rn a >' ~!J i n ~ � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/123">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/123</a> Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies, scans, or prints of this item for fair use purposes, please see Utah State University's Reproduction Order Form at: <a href="https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php">https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2013 Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner. Checksum 2497487395 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 1278207 Bytes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Correspondence from Fern Shepard to Clinton Topham, April 20, 1989 Description An account of the resource Correspondence from Fern Shepard to Clinton Topham requesting a copy of the Draft Environmental Impact Statement and for the days for comment to be extended to 120 rather than 30 days. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Shepard, Fern L. Subject The topic of the resource Environmental policy Logan Canyon Study Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Correspondence Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1989-04-20 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Rich County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980-1989 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Utah Wilderness Association Records, 1980-2000, COLL MSS 200 Forest Service Series III Box 6 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. View the inventory for this collection at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv75259">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv75259</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Special Collections and Archives, phone (435) 797-2663. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Highway 89 Digital Collections Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS200_Forest Ser_Item_12.pdf Highway 89; https://highway89.org/files/original/415f48abe08315e4ffa42d169e5ade23.pdf b0be94581294d8140a002916c1081152 PDF Text Text LOGAN CANYON SCENIC BYWAY A Portrait in Time A Guide to Interpretive Services Chip Sibbernsen Recreation Manager Logan Ranger District 860 North 1200 East Logan, Utah 84321 {801} 753-2772 Clemson Class of 1991 May 6, 1992--Review Copy This paper was prepared as a student project in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Professional Development for Outdoor Recreation Management Program at Clemson University. It in no way reflects USDA Forest Service policy nor are the opinions expressed those of anyone other than the author. �ABSTRACT Author: Chip Sibbernsen Recreation Manager Wasatch-Cache National Forest Logan Ranger District Logan, Utah 84321 (801) 753-2772 Title: "Logan Canyon Scenic Byway: A Guide to Interpretive Services" Abstract: The overall objective of this paper is to describe the methods that were used to develop an interpretive guide for the Logan Canyon Scenic Byway. Included are statements of purpose and need, a literature review, a statement of methodology, the interpretive guide, a summary statement, and a list of recommendations. The interpretive guide includes an introduction and sections on interpretive vision, project goals and objectives, an interpretive resources inventory, the major theme development, visitor analysis, major site and program development, and implementation and operations. It concludes with a section on monitoring and evaluation. Included are detailed descriptions of 19 interpretive sites and an array of interpretive goods and services. Keywords: Scenic Byway, Interpretive Plan, Interpretive Services i �TABLE OF CONTENTS Abs tract ..•..........•.•................•.................•...... i Execu ti ve Summary .......•...•...............•...•.•........•..•.• ii Acknowledgements .•....•.•...•••..........•.......•.......•...•.. iii I. Introduction ................................................... 1 A. Purpose and Need ....••...•••....•........•.•.....•.•..•.•. 1 B. Relationship to Forest Plan .•....••••.•••.•.....•••.•••••• 2 C. Relationship to Other Scenic Byways .........•.•••••••••.•• 2 II. Literature Review ••......••••.••••••..•......••.........•.....• 2 III. Methods ...•....•...•.••................•..............••..•...• 4 A. The Process ...............•.••..•••......................• 5 B • The Team .•..•••.........•••••.............•.••••....•.•.•• 5 IV. The Interpretive Guide ...••.•...••.......••.....•..•.....•.•••• 6 A. In troduc tion .............................................. 6 B. C. D. E. F. G. 1. Historical Background ........•...........••.••••••••• 6 2. Scenic Byway Designation •...•...•..•........•..•••••• 6 3. Regional Setting ...••••.•••.••.•.•••.••.••••.•••••••• 6 4. Physical Setting .................................... l0 a. Lower section ..••••••••••••.•.••...•..•••••••.• 10 b. Middle section •••••••••••.•..•.••.•••.••.•••••• 10 c. Upper section .......•..•.•....••...•..•...••••• 11 d. Bear Lake slope ••.••••••••.•..•••..•••••.•••••• 11 5. Recreation Opportunities •••••••••..••.•••••••..••••• 11 6. Recreation Opportunity Spectrum •....••••.•.••...•••• 12 Interpretive Vision and Project Goals and Objectives ••••• 13 1. Overall Interpretive Vision .•......•...•.••....••.•• 13 2. Goals and Objectives .•••...••••.••.•..••..•••.• 14 a. Goals .•......•....•.........•....•.••..... 14 b • Ob j ec ti ves •••..•.•..•....•••••••.•.•.••••• 15 Interpretive Resources Inventory •..........•........•.•.• 15 1. Major Site Identification ••......•••••••..•••...••.• 17 2. Selection Criteria ..••...•..•.......•.••...•.....•.. 17 3. Major Programs and Services ............•.........•.. 19 Theme Development ...........................•.........•.. 20 Visitor Analysis .....•......•.•..................•..•••.. 20 1. UDOT Data ....•......•...•.••••..........•...••.•.••• 20 2. Other Studies .......•..•••.........•••••.....•....•. 21 3. Logan Ranger District Data •........•........•...•..• 21 4. People With Disabili ties .•.........•..•......•...•.. 23 5. Motorcoach Tours .•.••.....•...........••.........•.• 23 Major Site and Program Development ................•••...• 23 1. Typical Site Plans ......................•......•.... 24 2. Displays and Orientation Sites .....••....•..••.••••. 24 3. Adventure Side Trip Trailheads ...................•.. 24 Major Site and Program Development ..........•...........• 28 1. Lady Bird Overlook and District Office ............•• 28 2. Hydro II Park/Second Dam ...........................• 30 3. Lake Bonneville. Si te ......................•......•.. 32 4. Dewitt Springs .............•....•.........•......•.. 33 5 . Riverside Nature Trail ..........................•... 35 6. Logan Wind Caves Trailhead .........•.....•..••.••.•• 37 7. Guinavah Amphitheater ....•................•......•.. 39 8. Guinavah-Malibu Campground Orientation Site ......•.. 41 �9. Fucoidal Quartzite ...••..........•......•........... 43 10. Jardine . Juniper Trailhead ..........•.....•.......... 44 11. Ricks Springs •••.............•..........•.•....•.... 46 12. Tony Grove Orientation Site .......•......•.........• 48 13. Tony Grove Ranger Station ..................••......• 50 14. Tony Grove Lake Nature Trail ........................ 52 15. Franklin Basin ...........•......................•... 54 16. Beaver Junction .............•.•.....•......•.......• 56 17. Limber Pine Children's Nature Trail ...•....••••••.•. 58 18. Bear Lake Overlook •••••••••••...•.......••..•••••... 60 19. Garden City Visitors Center •••.••••••.•.....••••••.. 63 20. Proposed Brochures, Programs, and Other Services ••.• 65 H. Implementation and Operations .•••....•••••••••..•••••...• 67 I. Monitoring and Evaluation ••.•.•.••..••.•.•••...•••..••... 67 J. Partnership Opportunities •.•.•.•••••••••••••••••....•••.• 72 V. Summary ••.••••••.•.•..•.••••..•••..•.••....•..••••••......•.•• 72 VI. Recommendations ............................................... 73 VII. Literature Cited .•......•.•.....•..••••..••••...••...••••.••.• 75 VIII. Appendix ....••.•.•..•••.........•..••••.••..•......•.......... 77 LIST OF MAPS Number Page 1 2 Regional Map ...................................... 7 Vicini ty Map ...................................... 8 3 4 Logan Canyon Scenic Byway Map ••••••••••••••••••••• 9 Potential Interpretive Site Inventory Map •••••••. 16 Proposed Interpretive Sites Map •.•.••..••.••..•.• 26 5 LIST OF CHARTS Figure 1 2 3 4 5 6 Annual Traffic Flow by Month .........•..••.•••.... 22 Traffic Flow by Day of Week •......••.••.....•.•..• 22 Traffic Flow by Hour of Day ........•...•.......... 22 Average Daily Traffic ........•.••••••.•....•....•. 22 Selection Factors for Visiting Northern Utah ...... 22 Percent of Resident and Out-of-State Visitors ..... 22 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 2 3 4 5 Major Site Evaluation Data Table .................. 18 Existing and Proposed Programs .................... 20 Summary of Interpretive Services and Facilities ... 27 Evaluation and Monitoring Matrix .................. 67 Cost Estimates and Implementation Schedule ........ 69 �EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Title: "Logan Canyon Scenic Byway: A Guide to Interpretive Services" Author: Chip Sibbernsen Recreation Manager Wasatch-Cache National Forest Logan Ranger District Logan, Utah 84321 (801) 753-2772 Summary: Logan Canyon has been described as one of the most beautiful canyons in northern Utah. It has been renowned for its scenic beauty. since;· the · days of the early Mormon pioneers. .The area was ·home to the Shoshoni Indians, was described by the mountain men who trapped beaver in the area in the 1820's, and was settled by the Mormon pioneers in the 1850's. It is the route of choice for literally hundreds of thousands of summer and winter recreationists traveling between Salt Lake City and the Jackson Hole and Yellowstone country of northwest Wyoming. ·0 The Logan Canyon highway (US 89) was designated a Scenic Byway by the Chief of the Forest Service in the spring of 1989 and by the State of Utah in April, 1990. The 41-mile route runs between the city of Logan on the west and the Utah-Idaho border at Bear Lake on the east. It was one of the first routes designated a Scenic Byway in the National Forest System. The Logan Canyon Scenic Byway has received strong and continuous support from local communities and interest groups in both Cache and Rich Counties since its inception. Traffic volumes vary seasonally, with approximately 50 percent of the total annual traffic volume of 670,000 vehicles occurring during the months of June, July, and August. Organized motorcoach tours represent the largest untapped tourism market in the area. The Cache-Rich Tourist Council estimates that more than 3,000 motorcoach tours pass through the Byway each year on their way to either Salt Lake City or the Yellowstone-Jackson Hole area. Numerous tourism studies conducted in this area have concluded that the most popular .recreational pursuits are visiting historical sites and viewing scenery (driving for pleasure). These same studies have also concluded that the most popular attractions in the area are the Wasatch-Cache National Forest, Logan Canyon, and Bear Lake. The Scenic Byway enhancements and interpretive services proposed in this paper are important to the economic health of Cache and Rich Counties because of the positive effect they will have on tourism and quality of life. Tourism is a vital part of the economy in both counties, and the array of interpretive services and enhancements proposed for the Byway will have a profound effect on tourism in both. Over the next decade Rich County will be looking to tourism as its primary source of growth. ii �Agriculture and government activity have plateaued, and the potential for tourism growth in the Bear Lake area is very promlslng. Although Cache County's economy is more diverse, tourism is regarded as an important growth area. The new enhancements proposed in this paper will encourage recreationists from the Wasatch Front, who make up the largest component of tourists to the area, to stay longer and use the canyon's amenities more often. Cache Valley is currently receiving strong interest from businesses located across the country that are interested in expanding or relocating in the area. One of their prime considerations in looking to Cache Valley is the high marks the area gets for the quality of life its residents enjoy. The Scenic Byway will improve the utility of the canyon's recreation resources, encourage further economic development, and improve the retention of existing businesses and their employees. Over the years the Forest Service, local environmental groups, and the Cache-Rich Tourist Council have developed a number of interpretive sites, brochures, and video tapes that feature different aspects of the Scenic Byway experience. Prior to this paper, however, a master interpretive guide for the Byway was not available, and no attention paid to an interpretive theme, standardization of signing, or site selection. Currently, none of the existing interpretive sites are considered to be finished products. In some cases the interpretive message is incomplete or inaccurate; in other instances the sites are in need of a restroom, improved parking, or designed trail systems. None of the existing sites are accessible to people with disabilities. Community involvement in forest projects is a tradition on the Logan Ranger District, and a number of partners are on record in support of the development of interpretive sites along the Byway. The Utah Department of Transportation, Cache County, Rich County, the Bear River Association of Governments, the city of Logan, and Garden City have pledged their help in assisting the ranger district in obtaining additional partners for donations of volunteer time, resources, equipment, and money. Additionally, the Cache County Council has expressed a willingness to consider funding some of the proposed projects using receipts it generates from its restaurant tax. �ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I want to acknowledge those folks that without whose help and support completion of this paper would not have been possible. Clark Ostergaard, Erich Roeber, and Jane O'keefe for their help and suggestions on graphics and design. John Balph for his expert guidance on editing and formatting the text. Bill Thompson for having the patience he has to see this through. Doug Thompson and the rest of the team for their input and review. And most of all Colin, Erik and Evelyn for being there. ·i i i �I. Introduction. Logan Canyon has been described as one of the most beautiful canyons in northern Utah. The 41 mile long Logan Canyon Highway (US 89) was designated a Scenic Byway by the Chief of the Forest Service in the spring of 1989. The Governor of Utah officially designated it a Scenic Byway in April, 1990. It was one of the first routes designated so in the national forest system. The Logan Canyon Scenic Byway is located primarily on lands administered by the Logan Ranger District, Wasatch-Cache National Forest. It connects the city of Logan, Utah, on the west to the winter and summer recreation mecca of Bear Lake on the east. The mountains along the Wasatch Front have become Utah's playground, making the Wasatch-Cache one of America's most traveled national forests. A 1992 survey (A & A Research) conducted on the forest showed that 72 percent of the Wasatch Front residents visited the forest at least once in the past year. Of that group 98 percent enjoyed the scenic drives. This study confirms other national studies that show that the single most popular recreational use of people traveling across the national forests is driving for pleasure. The Byway offers the visitors outstanding summer and fall scenery as they- traverse a canyon with nearly vertical limestone walls that tower almost a mile above the canyon floor. The area is rich in cultural history, ranging from the Shoshoni Indians who once lived here, to stories about the mountain men who roamed these hills and valleys in the 1830's looking for adventure and trapping beaver along the banks of the Bear River, to the Mormon pioneers who settled Cache Valley in the 1850's. The historic Tony Grove Ranger Station (circa 1907) provides a snapshot into what life was like in the early days of the Forest Service. The main access point to the Mount Naomi Wilderness (and numerous other side adventures) is just off the roadw~y. The objective of this paper is to describe the method that was used to .d evelop the in terpreti ve guide for the Byway. A. Purpose and Need. 1. The purpose of this project is twofold: a. To gather information on the art of interpretation and the elements that go into interpretive planning. b. To prepare an interpretive guide for the Logan Canyon Scenic Byway that will describe interpretive project development along the Byway. 2. The project is needed for several reasons. a. The 1986 report of the President's Commission on Americans Outdoors focused attention on the growing use of America's public lands for recreation. In response to this report the Forest Service initiated the National Recreation Strategy, which includes the National Forest Scenic Byway Program. This interpretive guide sets in motion the Chief's direction for showcasing the outstanding scenery, diverse natural resources, and rich cultural history associated with the Byway. -1 - �b. Another aspect of the National Recreation Strategy is the establishment of partnerships to provide better customer service and expand recreation opportunities on the national forests. This guide is needed to serve as a source document to market partnership opportunities to local and regional businesses and service organizations. c. The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1990 (ISTEA) is a potent source of funding for the development of interpretive services and other enhancements along Scenic Byways. This guide is needed to assist land managers in generating proposals to compete for the estimated $10-14 million dollars annually available under ISTEA. B. Relationship to the Forest Plan. The Byway is contained in the Logan Canyon Management Area (Area 13) of the Wasatch-Cache National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan (1986). The Forest Plan does not identify any goals ·or objectives specific to interpretation.- The emphasis for this ··area, however, is to manage the Logan Canyon highway as a scenic byway. C. Relationship to Other Scenic Byways. The Caribou-Bear Lake Scenic Byway meets the Logan Canyon Scenic Byway at the Utah-Idaho border. It was designated a Scenic Byway in 1991 as a part of the Idaho Scenic Byway package and is approximately 110 miles long. The Caribou-Bear Lake Byway follows US 89 from its terminus at the Utah-Idaho border to Montpelier, Idaho. From there it joins US 30 to Soda Springs where it joins SR 34 and continues north to the Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge. From Grays Lake the Byway continues on SR 34 and heads east where it crosses the Caribou National Forest and follows Tincup Creek to the point where it intersects US 89 near Freedom, Idaho. II. Literature Review. To begin at the beginning, Webster's Third New International Dictionary defines interpretation as " ••• the act of or result of interpreting as an explanation of what is not immediately plain or explicit or unmistakable." At its most basic level that is exactly what it is--explaining something that is not immediately obvious. A. Ham (1992) defines environmental interpretation as the art of translating the technical language of natural science or related fields into terms and ideas that people who are not scientists can readily understand. Freeman Tilden (1957), who is generally considered to be the father of contemporary environmental interpretation, defined interpretation as " ••• an educational activity which aims to reveal meanings and relationships through the use of original objects, by firsthand experience, and by illustrative media rather than simply to communicate factual information." To be interpretive Tilden felt the communication process should be predicated on the following six basic principles, which are as valid today as they were 35 years ago. 1. Any interpretation that does not somehow relate what is being displayed or described to something within the personality or experience of the visitor will be sterile. -2- �2. Information as such is not interpretation. Interpretation is revelation based upon information. All interpretation includes information, but they are two entirely different things. 3. Interpretation is an art which combines many arts, whether the materials are scientific, historical, or archeological. is in some degree teachable. Any art 4. The chief aim of interpretation is not instruction but provocation. 5. Interpretation should aim to present a whole rather than a part, and must address itself to the whole man rather than to any aspect. 6. Interpretation addressed to children {for instance, up to the age of 12} should not be a dilution of the presentation to adults but should follow a fundamentally different approach. be at its best, it will require a separate program. To B. Regnier, Gross, and Zimmerman {1992} describe three broad goals of interpretation as they apply to the agency, the visitor, and the site. The goals of interpretation from an agency's point of view should be to enhance the public's image of the agency and to encourage and nurture public participation in management activities. The goal of interpretation as it relates to visitors should be to provide recreation, heighten awareness and understanding of their natural and cultural environment, and inspire and add perspective to their lives. Finally, the goal of interpretation as it relates to a site should lead to responsible use of the site. They go on to identify two characteristics of interpretation: it is based on the site and it offers firsthand experiences with the site. Interpretation should serve the visitor. C. Central to effective interpretation is the development of the theme. Tilden stated, "The story's the thing." He felt interpretation should have the elements or qualities of a story. The theme is the plot of the story. Presentations that do not have themes often leave the visitor wondering, "So what?" Ham states that when interpretation has a theme it has a message, which he refers to as thematic interpretation. When communication is not thematic is will seem unorganized, difficult to follow, and will be less meaningful to the audience. The theme is the string that holds the necklace of pearls together {Veverka, personal communication}. Lewis {1983} summarizes the characteristics of a good theme as 1. Stated as short, simple, complete sentences. 2. Containing only one idea. 3. Revealing the overall purpose of the presentation. 4. Being specific. 5. Interestingly worded (if possible using active verbs). -3- �D. Assess the audience. Understanding who the visitors are is a key element in interpretive planning. The more that is known about where they are coming from, their ages, how they are traveling, where they are going, and what their expectations are, the more focused the interpretive plan. Cordell (1992) believes that people today have a need for greater place attachment and interest in learning. In a study conducted at the Northeast Trek Wildlife Park, Ham found that visitors preferred (in order of importance) sensory involvement, humor, and new information presented in an understandable format. Wildesen (1991) reported similar findings. She found that visitors basically want to see something (new), learn something (new), and do something (new). Regnier, Gross, and Zimmerman caution that there is no "general" audience to which all interpretation techniques apply. Each audience has unique characteristics and special needs. Audiences that may have special needs include children, older adults, foreign visitors, minorities, the visually impaired, the hearing impaired, those in wheelchairs, and families with young children. E. An often overlooked facet of interpretive planning is answering the question "So what?" Interpretive evaluation is a way to determine qualities, identify strengths and weaknesses, and answer questions about effectiveness, all with an eye for improvement (USDA-FS, 1992). There are many different approaches to evaluation. Quantitative techniques involve numbers and in some cases statistical analysis of those numbers. Qualitative methods involve verbal descriptions and impressions. In the interpretive master plan developed for the Forestry Discovery Center at the Cradle of Forestry Center two approaches to evaluation are recommended--formative evaluation and postevaluation. The formative evaluation consists primarily of focus-group interviews and observation to provide direction for the planning process. The postevaluation is used to determine whether or not the exhibits and programs have achieved their design and content objectives. While there are many techniques to choose from, the "Handbook for Evaluating Interpretive Services" (USDA-FS, 1992) recommends considering the following principles: 1. Evaluations should not be bothersome to visitors. People come to the national forests to enjoy themselves. The evaluation of their experiences should not have a negative impact on those experiences. 2. No evaluation should be conducted unless it is going to be used. Evaluations cost time and money. If conducted they should be used to improve the interpretive services being offered. 3. Generally, an interpreter should not administer or supervise an evaluation of his or her own program. III. Methods. The following is the step-by-step process that was used in the development of the interpretive guide for the Logan Canyon Scenic Byway. The process is based in part on information gathered from Jerry Coutant -4- �(1991). Dick Ostergaard (1990). John Veverka (1993). and the 2390 section of the Forest Service Manual. A. The Process 1. The process begins with an overview of the Byway that includes a description of the regional setting. physical setting. and recreation opportunities. 2. With the introduction in place. the next step is to determine the interpretive objectives for the Byway. They should reflect a mix of resource characteristics. management desires. and visitor needs and wishes. 3. Once the objectives are determined an initial inventory of all cultural and physical resources is conducted. The initial inventory will then be evaluated against a set of criteria to determine which are significant and most ripe for interpretation. 4. With - the objectives determined and the inventory of significant interpretive resources completed. the next step is to bring the visitor into the mix. This provides insight into how best to communicate with different markets and user groups. 5. The next step is to develop a central theme that will become the focal point of the interpretive services provided along the Byway. With the theme in hand, interpretive subjects, site objectives, interpretive program objectives, and recommended media are identified for each significant site. 6. Sections on implementation and operations, monitoring and evaluation, and partnership opportunities comprise the remainder of the interpretive plan. 7. It should be noted that planning is a dynamic process and that objectives and media needs can change over time. For this reason a working copy of the interpretive plan should be kept in a three-ring binder so that the site plans can be updated or changed as needed. B. The Team. A steering committee was assembled to provide input and oversight in all phases of the development of the guide. The committee members were selected on the basis of area of expertise and to ensure that local communities and agencies were represented. The steering committee members are listed as follows: Phil Johnson, USDA-FS, R-4 interpretive specialist. Tom Hagen. USDA-FS. R-4 landscape architect {retired}. Clark Ostergaard. Wasatch-Cache National Forest. landscape architect. Lee Skabelund. Wasatch-Cache National Forest. information specialist. Carl Johnson. Utah State University, professor emeritus. A.J. Simmonds. Utah State University. curator of special collections. John Wood. Utah State University. professor emeritus. Doug Thompson. director. Cache-Rich Tourist Council. Lynn Zollinger, Utah Department of Transportation. project engineer. Chip Sibbernsen. Logan Ranger District. recreation manager. -5- �IV. The Interpretive Guide. A. Introduction. 1. Historical Background. Logan Canyon has been described as one of the most beautiful canyons in Utah. It has been renowned for its scenic beauty since the days of the early Mormon pioneers. The area was home to the Shoshoni Indians, was first described by the mountain men who trapped beaver in the area in the 1820's, and was settled by the Mormon pioneers in the 1850's. It is the route of choice for literally hundreds of thousands of summer and winter recreationists traveling between Salt Lake City and the Jackson Hole and Yellowstone country of northwest Wyoming (see Map 1). 2. Scenic Byway Designation. The Logan Canyon highway (US 89) was designated a Scenic Byway by the Chief of the Forest Service in the spring of 1989 and by the State of Utah in April of 1990. It was one of -the first routes designated a National Forest Scenic Byway in the System. The partners in this effort to obtain designation represent all sectors. From the Federal came the Forest Service, the Bureau of Land Management, and the Federal Highway Administration. Utah contributed its Department of Transportation, Department of Natural Resources, Association of Governments, Association of Counties, League of Cities and Towns, Farm Bureau, and Travel Council. The Scenic Byway has received strong and continuous support from local communities and interest groups in both Cache and Rich County since its inception. 3. Regional setting. The 41-mile Logan Canyon Scenic Byway (US 89) is situated in the northeast corner of the Utah panhandle (see Map 2) and runs from the city of Logan to Bear Lake. The Byway is located in Cache and Rich Counties, which have populations of approximately 76,000 and 2,400 respectively. a. About 75 percent (29 miles) of the Byway is located in the Wasatch-Cache National Forest (see Map 3). The remainder is spread over a combination of State and private ownerships. The economy of Cache County is diverse, with major employment provided by the manufacturing, trade, government, and university sectors. The Rich County economy is rural and is heavily dependent on agriculture and -government. b. Employment and population are expected to remain stable in Rich County through the year 2000. Cache County, on the other hand, is expected to experience significant growth, with the population projected to nearly double by the year 2010 and employment to increase by 60 percent. c. Logan is the largest city in the three-county region of northeastern Utah and southeastern Idaho and is the center of economic, cultural, health care, educational, and government activity. On the eastern end of the Scenic Byway, Bear Lake is an increasingly important recreation area for residents within and outside the region. -6~ �MObtana -----wy;- 1fti"--.. John REGIONAL MAP Map 1 7 �I Byvvay Location I City I I I I I , I I Cedar City ~ VICINITY MAP Map 2 8 �Frankl in - - -IDAHO UTAH ony Grove Lake Smithfield Cache Hyde Par . National Forest LOGAN CANYON SCENIC BYWAY Map 3 -9- �4. Physical setting. From its mouth on the east edge of the city of Logan, the Logan Canyon Scenic Byway winds over almost 40 miles of largely undeveloped landscape as it traverses the Bear River Range. The Bear River Mountains, which are sometimes considered to be an extension of the Wasatch Range, are characterized by steep, sometimes nearly vertical limestone walls on the west, rolling plateau country across the top, and moderate open slopes as they descend to Bear Lake on the east. For the purpose of description the Byway can be divided into four sections: lower, middle, upper, and Bear Lake slope. a. Lower section. The lower section is about 9 miles long and runs from the mouth of Logan Canyon to the Right Hand Fork road. This section contains a majority of the developed recreation sites in the canyon along with a number of hiking opportunities. The adventurous at heart can hike the Wind Caves or the Crimson and Spring Hollow trails to perches high above the canyon floor, which offer them spectacular views of the Mount Naomi Wilderness and surrounding area. The self-guided Riverside Nature Trail, which links the Spring Hollow and Guinavah-Malibu Campgrounds, is perfect for families. Side trips to the back country for hiking, mountain bike riding, horseback riding, cross-country skiing, and snowmobiling are easily accessible from the Right Hand Fork road. Natural features encountered along this section of the Byway include the Logan River and the nearly vertical limestone walls that line the drive. The canyon bottoms are wooded with deciduous hardwoods and brush. The trees and brush include big-tooth maple, aspen, willow, box elder, mountain mahogany, rock mountain maple, cottonwood, birch, alder, and chokecherry. At the higher elevations juniper, Douglas fir, lodgepole pine, Engelmann spruce, and subalpine fir are common. This unique blend of conifer and hardwood vegetation provides a brilliant mix of fall color that annually attracts many visitors to the area. Spring and summer offer a display of wildflowers that is quite spectacular. b. Middle section. This section, which runs from the Right Hand· Fork road to Ricks Springs, is about 7 miles long. It is steep and narrow, with the roadway closely paralleling the Logan River. The roadway narrows to a width of 26 feet and has a number of narrow, winding turns. The dominant features of this section include the river, the nearly vertical limestone walls that rise almost 3,000 feet above the roadway, lush vegetation along the river, and the mix of conifer and hardwood on the drier south-facing slopes. Developed recreation opportunities are available at the Wood Camp and Lodge Campgrounds. This section also contains the Wood Camp trailhead, which gives nonmotorized access to the popular Jardine Juniper Tree and the Mount -10 - �Naomi Wilderness. Side trips to the back country are available on the Temple Fork and Bubble Springs roads. Recreation opportunities include hiking, mountain bike riding, horseback riding, snowmobiling, and cross-country skiing. This section also provides access to Logan Cave and Old Ephraims Grave. c. Upper section. This section runs from Ricks Springs to the Bear Lake summit and is about 15 miles in length. The roadway opens up to a width of about 40 feet in this section and has relatively long, open stretches with beautiful views of the surrounding mountains. The scenery found along the upper section is completely different but no less spectacular than what the visitor has experienced to this point. The landscape typically focuses on the middleground and background. It is characterized by mountainous terrain and large, expansive groves of aspen, which make a sharp contrast to adjoining stands of Douglas fir, subalpine fir, and lodgepole pine. Recreation opportunities in this section include three developed campgrounds, the Tony Grove Lake area, the historic Tony Grove Ranger Station, the USU summer field station, the Franklin Basin area, the Beaver Mountain Ski Area, and the Sink Hollow cross-country ski area. Side trips to the back country are available on the Franklin Basin and Beaver Creek roads. Outstanding fishing opportunities are found on the Logan River and Beaver Creek. d. The Bear Lake slope. This section runs from the Bear Lake summit to Garden City and is about 6 miles long. The roadway narrows in this section as it makes its way down nearly 1,700 vertical feet to the shores of Bear Lake. Here the visitor is offered expansive views of the valley and the breathtaking turquoise waters of the lake. The dominant recreation features of this section of the Byway are the Sunrise Campground, the Bear Lake Overlook, and Bear Lake. 5. Recreation opportunities. The Logan Canyon Scenic Byway offers the visitor a diverse blend of developed and dispersed recreation opportunities. The Forest Service administers 12 developed campgrounds, 2 picnic areas, 84 summer homes, and 3 organizational camps. In addition to these facilities the Forest Service, city of Logan, and the Division of Wildlife Resources are in the process of constructing a barrier-free picnic area with boardwalks and fishing piers at the site of the Hydro II Park/Second Dam in the lower section of the canyon. The Scenic Byway also provides access to the Beaver Mountain Ski Area, the Utah State University Forestry Camp, the Utah State University Management Institute, and the Tony Grove Ranger Station, which was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. Summer and winter dispersed recreation opportunities accessible from the Byway are almost limitless. The State of Utah and the -11- �Forest Service jointly administer three large winter sports trailheads that serve cross-country skiers and snowmobilers. These trailheads provide access to over 150 miles of outstanding snowmobile trail. The Forest Service also grooms 9 miles of cross-country ski trail at Beaver Basin near the Beaver Mountain Ski Area. Summer recreation opportunities include trout fishing on the Logan River and hiking and mountain biking over more than 100 miles of trail accessible from the Byway. Points of outstanding cultural and historical significance include the Lady Bird Park Overlook, Dewitt Springs, Wood Camp Hollow, Logan Cave, Ricks Springs, Franklin Basin, the Temple Fork Mill site, the Tony Grove Ranger Station, Old Ephraims Grave, and the Amazon Hollow Mining District. The Scenic Byway also offers many outstanding interpretive opportunities. These include three self-guided nature trails, a number of geological sites, Wood Camp Hollow, the Logan Wind Caves, the Jardine -Juniper Tree, Ricks Springs, the Sinks area, the Limber Pine Tree, and Bear Lake. 6. Recreation Opportunity Spectrum. The Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) is a land classification system used by Forest Service managers as a management tool to a) classify land areas and settings for their potential to provide outdoor recreation opportunities, b) give outdoor recreation managers a more solid footing and objective perspective towards multiple-use land management decisions involving areas of land with other resource values: i.e., timber, range, and wildlife habitat, and c) mitigate impacts upon outdoor recreation settings by incompatible recreation uses or other reource uses. The Forest Plan classified the Logan Canyon Highway corridor as "roaded natural." Areas classified as roaded natural are usually, as a minimum, corridors along roads traveled by recreation visitors and are managed to retain their natural character. Often these roaded natural settings act as screens for more intensive resource management practices such as timber harvesting outside the roaded natural corridor. The ROS classification for an area acts as a guide for recreation use and development of trails and facilities (Bacon). In the interpretive plan developed for the Tony Grove Ranger Station Butkus and Reiter point out that the presence of the parking area, the ranger station compound, and the Lewis M. Turner Campground suggests a change from roaded natural to rural. The observations they have made can be applied to the Canyon in general. The evidence of man-made development is significant particularly in the lower segment of the canyon. High daily traffic volumes coupled with the presence of hardened campgrounds, recreation residences, two power plants, private homes, and a restaurant also suggests ammending the current classifaction of roaded natural to rural (Ostergaard, 1993). -12- �Additionally, the rural classification will provide a greater range of options for interpretive services and recreation opportunities along the Byway. B. Interpretive Vision and Project Goals and Objectives 1. Overall interpretive vision. a. Interpretive projects, sites, and programs used along the Logan Scenic Byway will enhance the quality and broaden the scope of the visitor's experience. Visitors will receive a scenic, provocative, and educational experience they will not forget. Interpretation will serve a variety of customers including the resident population, tourists traveling between the Wasatch Front and the greater Yellowstone area, organized motorcoach tours, participants in Logan city's summer resident program, visitors using forest recreational facilities, and area youth. b. Improved interpretation along the Byway is not intended to attract -larger numbers of visitors but to increase the quality and length of their stay. Visitors will return to revisit these experiences, which will stimulate the surrounding economies in Cache and Rich Counties. c. Visitors will know what kind of information is available and where to find it. The Lady Bird and Bear Lake Overlooks will serve as portals to the Scenic Byway. d. Visitors will be able to view exhibits and displays that provide information on things to see and do as they travel between Logan and Bear Lake. They will be able to stop by the Garden City Visitor Center, the Logan Chamber of Commerce, or the Forest Service office to obtain a tour guide {brochure or audio tape} that will provide a milepost-by-milepost reference to the sights and sounds found along the Byway. A souvenir video will also be available at these offices. The guide will also provide information on things to see and do on side roads off the Byway. e. Visitors will be able to safely stop and visit exhibits and displays along the way that provide insight into the area's rich cultural history, outstanding scenery, uniqu~ geology, abundant wildlife and fish populations, precious water resources, and diverse mix of vegetation types. They will acquire an appreciation of the diversity of its resources and the complexities of land management decision-making. f. Visitors will be able to participate in a number of interpretive programs either individually or in a group. Those wishing to do so can take one of three self-guided nature hikes. Evening programs that deal with a wide variety of natural resource topics will be presented at the Tony Grove Campground and the Guinavah Amphitheater. Visitors will be able to stop at the Tony Grove Guard Station to see what life in the Forest Service was like in Logan Canyon between 1907 and 1940. -13- �g. Environmental education will be highly visible. Two publications--one for children and one for adults--that are keyed to Byway interpretive sites will be available in local bookstores and through interpretive association outlets. Logan city and the Cache, Box Elder, and Rich County school districts will regularly make use of the facilities available to them along the Byway to provide hands-on environmental education experiences for primaryand secondary-level students. The Limber Pine Children's Nature Trail and its companion teacher's guide will be a benchmark example of a trail designed specifically for elementary students. h. Signing along the Scenic Byway will be consistent in materials, style, mounting, and colors. Major recreation sites will be signed with the appropriate "family of shapes" signs and appropriate recreation symbols. i. All interpretive sites will meet the full intent and direction of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. Consultants from the USU Center for People with Disabilities, Options for Independence, and the Sunshine Terrace Adult Day Center will be involved in every phase of design and layout to ensure that these sites are both convenient and fully accessible to everyone. 2. Goals and objectives. The purpose of this interpretive guide is divided into two general categories: goals of management and objectives for visitors. a. Goals of the Logan Canyon Scenic Byway Interpretive Guide. 1) Promote a deepening visitor understanding and appreciation of the Logan Canyon Scenic Byway corridor while enhancing enjoyment and encouraging appropriate use of the sites. 2) Encourage exploration of the area beyond the Scenic Byway. 3) Encourage creative thinking, contemplation, and introspection. 4) Provide visitors with an understanding and appreciation of the role of the Forest Service and the State Department of Lands in northern Utah. 5) Welcome visitors and orient them to facilities and services that are dynamic enough to keep customers coming throughout the year. 6) Provide a variety of interpretive facilities and services and attractions of the area. 7) Provide accurate information about resources, issues, and land management policies in the area. -14- �8) Provide safe interpretation that interests all age levels, ability levels, and learning methods. 9) Make as much of the interpretation as possible available to people with physical disabilities or limitations with barrier-free design and special features. 10) Involve partners extensively in all aspects of the development of the Scenic Byway. b. Objectives of the Logan Canyon Scenic Byway Guide. majority of our visitors will A 1) develop an understanding and appreciation of the Logan Canyon Scenic Byway, 2) experience an enhanced enjoyment of the sites and sounds found along the Byway, 3) gain an appreciation of the rich history of the peoples and cultures that inhabited and eventually developed Cache Valley and the Bear Lake area, 4) learn about the powerful forces that shaped the Bear River Mountains and surrounding valleys, 5) gain an appreciation of the unique plants and animals found along the Byway, 6) increase their understanding of the appropriate use of public facilities and resources, 7) acquire a greater understanding and appreciation of the role and mission of the Forest Service and State Departmen t of Lands, and 8) feel welcome and know how to find facilities and interpretive services that are interesting enough to keep them coming back. 9) All of our visitors will experience a safe and barrier-free array of interpretive services that . interests people of all age, ability, and education levels. 10) A majority will recognize the contribution of partnerships and volunteers in the design and implementation of facilities found along the Byway. c. Interpretive Resources Inventory. This section deals with the identification of all potential sites and programs for which interpretation or interpretive services are being considered. It also includes a map (see Map 4) identifying the location of each site. Once the sites were inventoried the important ones were -15- �Franklin - - -IDAHO UTAH Smithfield Hyde " National Forest Logan POTENTIAL INTERPRETIVE SITE INVENTORY Map 4 -16- �identified through a screening process described by Ostergaard (1990). 1. Major site identification. Thirty-one sites are identified in the Major Site Evaluation Table (see Table 1). Each has been assigned a site number, a site name, and a letter indicating the type of site it is. The codes for the interpretive site categories (Veverka, 1986) include the following: B: Biological sites (waterfowl nesting areas, sensitive species, unique ecological zones, etc.). F: Facility sites (interpretive trails and trailside exhibits; would be used to identify existing and proposed sites and facilities). G: Geological sites (evidence of glaciation, caves, faults, springs, etc.). H: Historical, cultural, and archeological sites (log cabins, historic buildings, sites of historical events, etc.). 0: Orientation sites (existing or recommended information centers, bulletin boards, kiosks, directional signs for interpretive services and facilities, etc.). 2. Selection criteria for major sites and programs. Once the initial inventory of all potential sites was compiled, each site was tested against the following list of selection criteria: a. Interpretive relevance. 1} Does it offer a significant interpretive message? 2} Does the interpretive story fit with a significant resource? 3} Does it complement or conflict with other sites? 4} Can the message(s} be projected successfully by a sign or other interpretive means? 5} Is the message unique? Is there a story or just information? 6} Does it complement the total Byway experience and image? b. Physical development feasibility. 1) Is there adequate room for a facility in this location? 2} Will the site be safe in regard to access and egress? 3} Can other facilities be added to the existing site? 4} Does the scenery merit a stop? -17- �TABLE SITE # I r-' (X) I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 ' 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1. SITE Logan Canyon Highway (US89) Lady Bird Park / Logan RD Office River Trail Hydro Park II/Second Dam Bridger Campground Lake Bonneville Site Dewitt Spri ngs Day-use Area Spri ng Hollow Campgrou nd Riverside Nature Trail Recreation Residence Tracts Logan Wind Caves Trail Gu i navah-Mal ibu Campgrou nd Guinavah Amphitheater Fucoidal Quartzite Preston Valley Campground Wood Camp Campground Jardine Juniper Trailhead Logan Cave Ricks Spri ngs Tony Grove Turnoff Tony Grove Recreational Site Tony Grove Lake Nature Trail Tony Grove Lake Campground Red Banks Campground Franklin Basin Beaver Junction Beaver Mountain Ski Area Sinks Parking Area Limber Pine Nature Trail Bear Lake Overlook Garden City Visitors Center MAJOR SIrE EVALUATION DATA SITE TYPE HF G H OF OF H BF F GF GH F F BF F GF OF HF GF F F BHF GB HGF 0 HF GF F F HF H 0 F F GO BGF H 0 F BHO STArns RELEVANCE FEASIBILITY ApPEAL DECISION N/A New Existing Existing Existing Existing New Existing Existing Existing Existing Existing Existing Existing Existing Existing Existing Existing Existing Existing Existing Existing Existing Existing Existing New Existing Existing Existing Existing Existing High High Low High Low Moderate High High High Low High High High Low Low Low High High High High High High Moderate Low High High Moderate Moderate High High High High High Moderate High Low Moderate Moderate Low Low Low Low High High Moderate Low Low Moderate Low Moderate High High High Low Low High High Moderate High High High Moderate High High Moderate High Low Low High High Moderate Low High High High Moderate Low Low Moderate Moderate High High High High Moderate Low High High Moderate Moderate High High Moderate Develop Develop No Action Develop No Action Removal Develop No Action Develop No Action Develop Develop Develop Removal No Action No Action Develop Defer Develop Develop Develop Develop No Action No Action Develop Develop No Action No Action Develop Develop Develop �5} Are there any obvious construction problems? 6) If it will require snow removal, is there a place to store snow? 7} Will the site require construction of acceleration and deceleration lanes? 8) What is its proximity to the last interpretive pullout? c. Scenic appeal and setting. a} What is the variety of the landform? b} What is the view? Can it be improved by landscaping? c} Will the change of season feature a different view? d} Does the site provide access to other recreation activities? e} Are there any variable factors evident such as motion, light, season, or distance? As might be expected, individual sites readily fell out once they were tested against the selection criteria (see Table 1). The recreation residences and a majority of the campgrounds fell out because the steering committee felt they lacked relevance. Interestingly, two existing interpretive sites, the Lake Bonneville Shoreline and Fucoidal Quartzite, also fell out because the steering committee felt they lacked relevance. In other instances, as Ostergaard notes, the situation is not as obvious. Ricks Springs, for example, rated very high for relevance but was rated poor because it lacks acceleration and deceleration lanes. Working with the Department of Transportation engineers on design features, the committee determined that the final site design can provide the public with a safe and enjoyable experience, and so the site was retained. Another site that rates high for relevance and appeal but low for feasibility is Logan Cave. This extremely popular spot is visited about 30,000 times per year, but there is no safe parking within a quarter-mile of the cave entrance. 3. Major programs and services. In addition to physical sites, a number of existing and proposed brochures, maps, and programs that pertain to the interpretation of the Byway are identified in Table 2. -19- �TABLE 2. EXISTING AND PROPOSED BROCHURES, MAps, GUIDES AND PROGRAMS PROJECT Existing Bridgerland Visitors' Guide Bridgerland Snowmobile Trails Guide Bridgerland Hiking Trails Guide Bridgerland Biking Trails Guide Bridgerland-20 Exciting Rides on Road and Trail Logan Ranger District Climbing Guide Logan Canyon-A Guide Book Bridgerland Snowmobiling Video Bridgerland Mountain Biking Video Logan Canyon Scenic Byway Audio Tape Logan Canyon Scenic Byway Video Tape Logan Canyon Scenic Byway Sidetrip Adventures Scenic Byway Restaurant Placemats Proposed x x x .x x x x x x x x x x x D. Theme Development. Once the major sites and programs are identified the next step in the interpretive planning process is to develop a main theme or themes. The use of a focused theme helps to direct the energies of interpretive services to better explain to visitors the specific stories that the Byway may present. The uniqueness of Logan Canyon is the diversity of its natural resources and their relation to the needs of the people who have lived here. The area is rich in lore about the mountain men and Mormon pioneers and the hardships they faced living here and settling the area. Interpretation of the canyon provides us with the opportunity to enlighten visitors with insights to life here in the past, compared to what it is like today, and pose the open-ended question "What would you like it to be like for your children?" The central theme that has been developed for the interpretation of the Logan Canyon Scenic Byway is "Logan Canyon: A Portrait in Time." E. Visitor Analysis. A visitor analysis is an important aspect of the interpretive planning process as it gives the planners a better idea of how best to communicate with different user groups. While there is no comprehensive visitor analysis available for the area, there are several studies that when pieced together provide useful information. 1. Data collected in 1990 by the Utah Department of Transportation clearly shows that traffic volumes on the Byway vary seasonally. Approximately 50 percent of the total annual traffic volume occurs during the months of June, July, and August. Approximately 70 percent of the annual traffic volume -20- �occurs from May through September (Figure 1). Weekend traffic is nearly double the weekday traffic (Figure 2), and the highest hourly traffic occurs between 11 a.m. and 7 p.m. (Figure 3). During peak summer traffic approximately 80 percent of the traffic using the Byway passes entirely through the canyon, and the other 20 percent remains within the canyon pursuing various recreational activities. In the winter 35 to 40 percent of the traffic passes through, while the remainder remains in the canyon. Traffic counter stations show an average of 3,878 vehicles per day during the the peak period of June, July, and August. During the remainder of the year the Scenic Byway averages 1,869 vehicles per day (Figure 4). Over the next 20 years summertime traffic is projected to increase between 33 and 46 percent. 2. A number of other studies that have been conducted over the years have ·concluded :.the most popular recreational pursuits of people visiting Cache and Box Elder Counties are visiting historical sites and viewing scenery. Cooper (1989) found the main reasons for traveling to northern Utah were to take advantage of outdoor recreation opportunities. The same study found the most highly rated selection factor for a visit to northern Utah was its scenic beauty. Visiting historical sites was ranked ninth, but its position of 3.1 out of 5 indicates its relative importance (Figure 5). Cooper also found that visitors to the area, regardless of their place of residence, ranked Bear Lake, Logan Canyon, and the Cache National Forest as the most popular destination spots. The same study also found that when visitors were asked to rank their likelihood to participate in organized or guided activities the highest-rated programs were visiting historical attractions. The second most popular guided program dealt with viewing scenery. Guided hikes ranked 6th of 21 activities. The same study also found that 72 percent of the individuals sampled ranked enjoying a campfire as their number one evening activity. Demographic information was not as readily available as the information on user preferences. Cooper (1989) found that 34 percent of the visitors were traveling with one other adult. The largest percentage of out-of-state visitors were from California (15 percent) followed by Idaho (7.5 percent). Fifty-two· percent of the visitors sampled were traveling by car, motorcoach, or motorcycle while 44 percent were traveling with camping equipment or self-contained recreational vehicles. Seventy-six percent were married and had attended some college and almost half were between the ages of 31 and 50. The average yearly income was reported to be between $20,000 and $40,000 per year. A study prepared by the the Utah Travel Council indicated that approximately 33 percent of the out-of-state visitors make over $40,000. 3. Data collected at developed sites in Logan Canyon during the 1992 field season shows 87 percent of our visitors are from Utah, and 98 percent of those are within a 100-mile drive of Logan. Forty-nine percent were traveling by car, with the -21- �20 20 ~ -1 8.1 ~ n3 .- lS n3 .- t2 -0 .c Q) 15.8 ~ lS 12 .8 t2 10.5 '0 ... 10 1 10 .9 11.3 ~ 10 - 12 .0 c Q) U U L.. L.. Q) S 0... 0 Q) 0... 3.6 0 A M J J A S Month of Year J S Figure 1. Annual traffic flow by month S M T W T Day of Week F S Figure 2. Traffic flow by day of week RECORDED TRAFFIC VOLUME 10 YEAR -_1"'"1"'",,"" ~I"'" 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1000 ,.. ~:-- - 1-1Iooo~ 1-1 0 12 SUMMER ADT (vehicles per day) (vehicles per day) 1,774 1,558 1,680 1,767 1,922 1,902 1,806 1,813 1,887 1,848 1,740 1,773 1,769 1,875 1,846 1,861 1,869 2,793 2,798 3,022 3,140 3,461 3,400 · 3,180 3,276 3,424 3,406 3,503 3,536 3,795 3,735 3,605 3,822 3,878 Iloo .- ~8 2 4 6 ANNUAlADT 2 4 A.M. 6 8 10 I 12 P.M. Hour of Day Figure 3. Traffic flow by hour of day Figure 4. Average dally traffic: . June, July l!.t. August 4.4 Scenic beauty Friend ly people ~---------------------------~ Value for money ~-------------------d Rest & relaxation ~-------------------Accommodations Camping Water sports ~---------------. Good cuisine ~---------------~--~ 87% Historical sites Resident visitors Wildli fe/bi rding Entertainment ~--------------,.I Religious si tes/events t----~ Availability of alcoho l 2 3 4 S Figure 5. Selection factors for visiting northern Utah Figure 6. Percent resident and out-of-state visitors - 22 - �difference travelling with camping equipment or self-contained recreational vehicles. Out-of-state campers were most represented by residents of California (37 percent) followed by Washington (16 percent), Idaho (13 percent), Arizona (7 percent), and Wyoming (7 percent). a. Recreation Inventory Management data compiled by the Forest Service for the 1992 fiscal year estimates recreational activities in the Scenic Byway corridor to be 538,285 visitor-days. Forest Service data also shows that automobile travel and viewing scenery are the two most popular pursuits on the Scenic Byway. b. Estimated annual visits to the more popular sites along the Byway provide a picture of the amount of use that is presently occurring. Estimated Visits per Year Table 2 Logan Canyon campgrounds Logan Canyon day use sites Organizational camps Summer homes Winter sports Bear Lake Overlook Nature trails Fucoidal Quartzite Logan Cave Jardine Juniper Ricks Springs Automobile trips 126,600 75,100 11,800 14,780 58,440 88,300 56,525 15,500 23,750 6,600 79,000 666,750 4. Another segment of our local population that has been in the past overlooked is people with disabilities. Although the canyon is used and enjoyed by locals and people from across the state of Utah and the nation not one site is presently accessible to people with disabilities. There are approximately 8,000 people in Cache County and unknown numbers of people from outside the county who have disabilities, or whose advancing years have left them with physical frailties, Alzheimer disease, or other age-related disabilities (Roth, 1993). This segment of the population represents nearly 10 percent of our local population that is presently denied access to the outdoor recreation opportunities in Logan Canyon. 5. Although there are no firm numbers the Cache-Rich Tourist Council estimates that up to 3,000 organized motorcoach tours pass through Logan Canyon each summer either on their way to Salt Lake City or the Jackson Hole and Yellowstone areas. Because a majority of these tours pass through the canyon without stopping it is thought they represent the single largest untapped source of tourism dollars for the area. F. Major Site and Program Development. 1. This section contains a complete, detailed package of information for each interpretive site and program proposed for -23- �development. Information includes site name, type, location, number, interpretive resources, site description, and interpretive significance. Also included is information on interpretive themes, site objectives, interpretive program objectives, interpretive modes, cost estimates, justification statement, and miscellaneous comments. Also included is a map (see Map 5) and a summary table of interpretive services and facilities (see Table 3) for each of the 20 sites proposed for development along the Byway. Wherever possible, standard designs for Scenic Byway displays, orientation sites, and adventure side trips will be the norm. Design features and estimated costs include the following: 2. Scenic Byway displays and orientation sites will be barrier-free and similar in construction materials, style, and design. Display structures will be constructed of native limestone rock and will normally contain three anodized aluminum panels.. Sign . faces will normally include graphic artwork or photographs and text. The Logan Ranger District will facilitate gathering detailed background information for development of each story line. Artwork, narratives, design, layout, and fabrication will be contracted out to a professional interpretive design shop. The estimated turnkey cost for each three-panel interpretive display and orientation site includes the following: Sign fabrication $750 Mounting hardware 150 Text development 200 200 Graphic artwork Packing and shipping 150 Support structure 1,250 Total $2,700 TYPICAL INTERPRETIVE DISPLAY 3. Adventure side trip trailhead bulletin boards will use either the district standard one-panel or the two-panel design. Each panel is a 4x4-foot sheet of 5/8-inch high-density plywood -24- �supported by two 6x6-inch pressure-treated timbers. The entire structure is painted dark brown. The sign faces are reverse silk-screened onto 3x2-foot sheets of 8-mil Lexan with a matte finish. Each sign will normally include graphics and text. The background color is tan, and the text and graphics are dark brown. The Logan District will facilitate text and camera-ready artwork. Fabrication will be contracted out to a professional sign shop. The estimated turnkey cost for the standard single-panel bulletin board includes the following: Sign fabrication Design services Graphic artwork Support structure and installation Total $250 150 150 250 $800 The estimated turnkey cost for the standard two-panel bulletin board includes the following: Sign fabrication $500 Design services 300 Graphic artwork 300 Support structure and installation 370 Total $1,470 -25- �Franklin ---IDAHO UTAH @ ony Grove Lakt! Smithfield Cache Hyde Par . National Forest PROPOSED INTERPRETIVE SITES Map 5 -26- �Table 3. Summary of Interpretive Services and Facilities Site # Site 1 2 Riverside Nature Trail 6 I Dewitt Springs 5 N Lake Bon nevi lie Site 4 -....J Hydro" / Second Dam 3 I Lady Bird / LRD Headquarters Logan Wind Caves Trailhead 7 Guinavah Amphitheater 8 Guinavah-Malibu Orientation 9 Fucoidal Quartzite 10 Jardine Juniper Trailhead 11 Ricks Spring 12 Tony Grove Turn-off Orientation 13 Tony Grove Ranger Station 14 Tony Grove Lake Nature Trail 15 Franklin Basin 16 Beaver Ju nction 17 Limber Pine Children's Nature Trail 18 Bear Lake Overlook 19 Garden City Visitor Center • • • •• • •• • • • • • • • ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••• • • • ••• • • • • • • • • • • Partially �SITE: LADY BIRD PARK, LOGAN RANGER DISTRICT HEADQUARTERS Type: Scenic Byway Display and Orientation Site Site number Location 1 New or Existing - - - - New Milepost 374.5 Major Interpretive Resources Seasonal Accessibility Year-round Historical, Geological, Orientation, and Facility Site Description: Site is proposed location of the new Logan Ranger District office and includes an outstanding overlook of Cache Valley. Will serve as west portal to the Byway and will include a small Wasatch Interpretive Association retail outlet. Site also includes parking for 35 vehicles, room for RV's and motorcoaches, and public restroom. All facilities will be barrier-free. Interpretive Significance: Site will be focal point for forest visitors. Exhibits here can make visitors aware of the recreational and interpretive opportunities available to them in the area. I. Interpretive Theme. "Logan Canyon: A Portrait in Time." A. There have been three broad eras of land use associated with the settlement of the North American continent: exploitation, conservation, and stewardship. B. The story of humans in Cache Valley is the story of three distinct cultures--the Shoshoni, the mountain men, and the Mormon pioneers. C. There were powerful forces that shaped the foothills and mountains of the Bear River Range. D. ttWelcome to the Logan Canyon Scenic Byway!tt There are lots of interesting and exciting things to see and explore on your journey through Logan Canyon. II. Site Objectives. A. Provide visitors with a safe, barrier-free place to stop, use the restroom, get a drink of water, and enjoy the view. B. Develop interpretive media for 1. the stewardship and conservation story, 2. information on the recreational and interpretive opportunities on and off the Scenic Byway, 3. describing the forces that shaped lake terraces visible from the viewing deck, and 4. telling the story of the people who have lived here before. C. Create outdoor display for visitor orientation to the district and its many recreational and educational opportunities. D. Maintain and enhance the visual quality of the site. E. Ample parking to accommodate RV's and motorcoaches. III. Interpretive Program Objectives. A. A majority of visitors will gain an understanding and a historical perspective of the peoples and cultures that inhabited Cache Valley. -28- �B. The visitors will gain insight into the powerful forces that shaped the foothills of the Great Basin. C. They will leave with an understanding of what the Scenic Byway program is about. They will also know there is a diverse array of recreational and educational opportunities that lie ahead to the east and know there are many things to see and do in Logan and the surrounding area. D. The visitors will recognize that America has entered a new area of land stewardship and will have a sense of what it may mean to them. IV. Interpretive Modes. A. Approach signing. B. One three-panel orientation site display. C. Three three-panel anodized aluminum interpretive displays. 1. Cultural, historical. 2. Lakeshore terraces. 3. Land stewardship and conservation (bookend display with Bear Lake Overlook). D. Include as a stop on self-guided auto tours. E. Include site on restaurant place mats. V. Cost Estimates. A. Approach signing B. Orientation site display C. Three 3-panel anodized aluminum interpretive displays $200 2,700 8,100 $11,000 VI. Justification. The site is a key stop because it serves as the west portal to the Scenic Byway, the Logan Ranger District headquarters, and .the east gateway to Logan and the surrounding area. For these three reasons it is a critical spot for the dissemination of information on district resources and interpretive services. VII. Conunents. A. For the reasons above it is crucial that site development be state-of-the-art and reflective of the very best we can do, integrating interpretive services and site design. B. This site is the west portal to the Byway and will serve as a bookend site to the Bear Lake Overlook. C. Given this site will in all likelihood be the location of the new Logan Ranger District headquarters, it is an excellent location to give visitors an overview of the mission and objectives of the Forest Service. This can be accomplished using interpretive panels inside the new building in the mini visitor center. D. Cultural and historical story development will be provided by A.J. Simmonds, curator of the USU historical archives. Additional source material is available in "The History of the Wasatch-Cache National Forest." Geological information is available in "Geologic Tours of Northern Utah" and in an unpublished manuscript on the geology of Logan Canyon by Robert Oaks available at the Logan District office. The story of land stewardship and conservation is contained in "The Next Era of Land Stewardship and Conservation-Breaking New Ground" series. Background on the National Scenic Byway program will be provided by the Forest Service. -29 -- �SITE: HYDRO II PARK/SECOND DAM Type: Byway Exhibit Site number - - 2 Location New or Existing - - - - - - New Milepost 376.3 Seasonal Accessibility April-November Major Interpretive Resources Historical, Biological, Hydroelectric, and Facility Site Description: Site contains a major hydroelectric station owned by Logan city and administered by the Forest Service under special use permit. Is also site of a major partnership effort between FS, Logan city, and state agencies to develop a day use site and flat-water fishing opportunity. Facilities include barrier-free parking, restroom, picnic sites, trail system, and fishing piers. Site plans also include construction of a footbridge spanning the Logan River that ties into the Lower River Trail. Interpretive Significance: This is a unique opportunity to interpret the use and development of hydroelectric power in Logan Canyon and its importance to the city of Logan. Site also offers the opportunity to deliver message regarding individual responsibility to care for public resources. Site is also excellent opportunity to discuss the native fisheries of the Logan River and how the fishery is managed today. Also excellent spot to discuss threatened and endangered plants. I. Interpretive Theme. "Logan Canyon: A Portrait in Time." A. For nearly 100 years man has been dependent on the harnessed energy of the Logan River and the hydroelectric power it has provided the city of Logan. B. This facility is the result of a number of agencies and citizens getting together to make it happen, and it belongs to all of us. Please help to keep it cared for and clean. C. Many plants and animals, some of which are very rare, are also dependent on the river and the cool, moist habitat it provides. II. Site Objectives. A. Provide visitors with a safe, esthetic, barrier-free interpretive experience. B. Develop interpretive media for 1. the hydroelectric story, 2. the good steward story, and 3. the story of the rare plants and animals that depend on the river. III. Interpretive Program Objectives. A. A majority of visitors will come away from this site with an understanding of the tie between the power of the river's energy and how it is used to create the electricity that lights their homes. -30- �B. They will appreciate the fact that this state-of-the-art facility is the result of a number of agencies and citizens working in partnership to make it happen. C. They will come away with a better understanding of the plants and animals that inhabit the lower stretches of the Logan River. They will recognize the importance of the Threatened and Endangered Species Act. IV. Interpretive Modes. A. Approach signing. B. Highway pullout with one three-panel anodized aluminum Byway display. The display will be located at the highway-level viewing deck. C. Include as a stop on self-guided auto tours. E. Include site on restaurant place mats. D. Develop cooperative arrangement with Logan city to offer occasional conducted tours (by appointment) of the hydro plant operation. V. Cost Estimates. A. B. C. D. Approach signs One three-panel anodized aluminum byway display Viewing deck Footbridge across the Logan River $200 2,700 3,500 85.000 $87.700 VI. Justification. The Hydro II Park/Second Dam is site of a major partnership between Logan city, the Forest Service, Division of Wildlife Resources, USU LAEP. USU CPD. and the Department of Transportation to develop a state-of-the-art day use recreation facility. Site is also location of a 1240-kilovolt hydroelectric power generation facility. This is a very picturesque location and is the showcase developed recreation site in lower Logan Canyon. VII. Comments. A. Explore partnership with Logan city for joint submittal to nonmotorized trail program for construction of bridge. B. All NEPA work has been completed. C. Coordinate with UDOT on obtaining ISTEA enhancement dollars for motorcoach parking area. D. Source material for development of the story of hydroelectric power at the site will be provided by the Logan City Light Department. Source material for story development on threatened and endangered species will be provided by the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. -31- �SITE: LAKE BONNEVILLE SITE Type: Scenic Byway Display Site number Location New or Existing ~ Milepost 378.1 Major Interpretive Resources Seasonal Accessibility __ Existing April-November ______________________________ ~G~e~o_l~o~gyL-~an~d F~a~c_i_l_i~t~y Site Description: This is an existing site that contains a routed redwood sign and gravel pullout. Is located immediately adjacent to highway and poses a significant safety hazard. Interpretive Significance: Site marks highest level of ancient Lake Bonneville. Terraces marking location are visible from the site. I. Interpretive Theme. Existing interpretation is not related to Byway theme. It more or less serves to point out some Lake Bonneville trivia. II. Site Objectives. A. Because this site only rated moderate to low in site evaluation test, recommendation is to remove it and reclaim the site. B. Geological significance can be covered in self-guided auto tour and can be depicted on restaurant place mats. III. Interpretive Program Objectives. A majority of visitors using the self-guided auto tour will have an appreciation for the size of Lake Bonneville. IV. Interpretive Modes. A. Include as a stop on self-guided auto tours. B. Include site on restaurant place mats. V. Cost Estimate. Removal of existing sign and site reclamation: $1,500. VI. Justification. The site presents significant safety hazards to visitors and should be removed and reclaimed. VII. Comments. A. Include cost estimate for removal and site reclamation. B. Source material for development of auto tours can be found in the "History of the Wasatch-Cache National Forest," the "Geologic Tours of Northern Utah," and Robert Oaks's unpublished manuscript on the geology of Logan Canyon. -32- �SITE: DEWITT SPRINGS Type: Scenic Byway Display Site number - - 4 Location New or Existing - - - - New Seasonal Accessibility Milepost 378.7 Major Interpretive Resources April-November Geological, Historical, and Facility Site Description: This is a new interpretive site that is located adjacent to an existing day use site. It is located just off the Byway and offers outstanding views of the China Wall formation and the Logan Wind Cave formation. Interpretive Significance: Site is located on a fault zone that created cracks in the substrate, allowing water to collect. The springs are the major culinary source of water for the city of Logan. I. Interpretive Theme. "Logan Canyon: A Portrait in Time." A. The residents of the city of Logan are dependent on the quality water the canyon provides at Dewitt Springs. B. Geologic faulting near this spot is the reason the Dewitt Springs came to be. II. Site Objectives. A. Provide visitors with a safe, esthetic, barrier-free interpretive experience. B. Geological and historical significance can be developed at new display built on small knoll above the highway. III. Interpretive Program Objectives. A. A majority of visitors will have an understanding that the faulting that occurred here is the reason the springs exist, which provide water for the city of Logan. B. The visitors will appreciate the dependence the residents of Logan have for the water that is provided in canyon. IV. Interpretive Modes. A. B. C. D. Approach signing. One three-panel anodized aluminum interpretive display. Include as a stop on self-guided auto tours. Include site on restaurant place mats. V. Cost Estimates. A. Approach signing B. One three-panel anodized aluminum interpretive display C. Trail system and viewing deck -33- $200 2,700 2,600 $5,500 �VI. Justification. This site provides an outstanding view of the China Wall and the Logan Wind Caves. It is also located virtually on top of the fault line that created Dewitt Springs, which supplies water to the city of Logan. VII. Couunents. A. Coordinate with UDOT on obtaining ISTEA enhancement dollars for motorcoach parking area. B. Source material for story deveiopment available through A.J. Simmonds, curator of the USU historical archives. Additional material available in "Geologic Tours of Northern Utah." -34- �SITE: RIVERSIDE NATURE TRAIL Type: Adventure Side Trip Site Number Location 5 New or Existing -=---- Milepost 378.5 Major Interpretive Resources Seasonal Accessibility New April-November Biological and Facility Site Description: Site is a self-guided nature trail that runs along the Logan River between the Spring Hollow and Guinavah-Malibu Campgrounds. It is approximately 1.5 miles long and takes about an hour to hike. Interpretive Significance: This is a unique opportunity to interpret the riparian ecosystem associated with the Logan River. I. Interpretive Theme. The Logan River is a "ribbon of life" that provides man and wildlife with the precious gift of water. II. Site Objectives. A. Provide visitors with a safe and esthetic interpretive experience along the Logan River. B. Develop trailhead displays at both Spring Hollow and Guinavah-Malibu Campgrounds. C. Develop interpretive signing for 12-15 sites along trail. D. Develop approach signing. E. Develop internal campground signing directing visitor to appropriate trailhead. III. Interpretive Program Objectives. A. A majority of visitors will come away from this site with an understanding that riparian areas in arid environments such as we have in Utah are rare and need to be protected. B. The visitors will see examples (graphic and pictorial) of relationships that exist within riparian areas. C. They will take the challenge and answer the question of what they can do to protect these fragile environments. IV. Interpretive Modes. A. B. C. D. Approach and directional signing. One two-panel side trip bulletin board. Trail signs will be llx17-inch, 8-mil Lexan with a matte finish. Include as a stop on self-guided auto tours. E. Include site on restaurant place mats. F. Guided evening hikes. -35- �V. Cost Estimates. A. B. C. F. G. Approach signing One two-panel side trip bulletin board Graphic artwork and fabrication of 15 interpretive signs Design and fabrication of 15 1/4-inch steel posts Installation of steel posts and signs $200 1,470 1,500 1,500 1,500 $6,170 VI. Justification. The Riverside Nature Trail is an extremely popular feature linking the Spring Hollow and Guinavah-Malibu Campgrounds. Existing interpretive services include a free pamphlet that interprets sites identified by a numbered wooden post. Redoing the trail using the "ribbon of life" theme is an opportunity to greatly enhance the interpretive experience for the visitor. VII. Comments. A. Interpretive services for · this -trail have been designed and are scheduled for installation during the 1993 summer field season. B. Because of terrain -it is not physically possible to make this trail barrier-free. -36 - �SITE: LOGAN WIND CAVES TRAIumAD Type: Adventure Side Trip Site Number Location 6 New or Existing: Seasonal Accessibility Milepost 379.5 Major Interpretive Resources Geological and New April-November Facility ------~----------------~-------------------------- Site Description: Site is located directly across the highway from the entrance to the Guinavah-Malibu Campground. The trailhead provides off-highway parking for 15 vehicles. Trail is popular with visitors camping at the 40-unit campground and is also a popular destination day hike for individuals from Logan. Interpretive Significance: This trail leads to an interesting geological formation called the Logan Wind Caves. I. Interpretive Theme. A. The "caves" are actually a triple arch formed by the solution of limestone through a chemical weathering process. B. The trail can be hot and dry, and hikers need to carry extra water for their comfort. C. The hike takes about 2 hours round trip, and hikers should plan accordingly. II. Site Objectives. A. Provide visitors with a safe and esthetic setting before they begin their hike. B. Provide visitors with the information they will need to maximize the experience of their outing. III. Interpretive Program Objectives. A. A majority of visitors will come away from this site with an understanding of how the "caves" were actually formed. B. The visitors will receive information on proper trail etiquette. IV. Interpretive Modes. A. Approach signing. B. Standard district two-panel bulletin board with Lexan signing. C. Include as a stop on self-guided auto tours. D. Include site on restaurant place mats. V. Cost Estimates. A. Approach signing B. Standard two-panel plywood bulletin board C. Pave parking area (2,000 sq.ft.) -37- $200 1,470 2,000 $3,670 �VI. Justification. The Logan Wind Caves trail is a favorite spring and fall hike. Many people start the hike with inadequate water and no real idea how steep the trail is or how long it will take them to complete. Trailhead information will improve the hike for many people. VII. Comments. Because of terrain it is not physically possible to make this trail barrier-free. -38 - �SITE: GUINAVAH AMPHITHEATER Type: Orientation Site Site Number Location New or Existing ~ Milepost 379.5 Seasonal Accessibility Existing ------=- April-November Major Interpretive Resources _H_i_s_t_o_r_i_c_a_l______ and F_a_c_i_l_i_t~y___________________________ Site Description: Site is located at the east end of the Guinavah-Malibu Campground. The CCC-era, limestone-and-timber amphitheater has a capacity of 350 people and is used extensively by the district for evening programs that treat a wide variety of natural resource topics. Site is also used by the public on a reservation basis for weddings, family reunions, and church services. Because of its age it is need of significant renovation. Interpretive Significance: :The CCC construction era provides a colorful look at the early development of the forest resources- and recreation sites. I. Interpretive Theme. "Logan Canyon: A Portrait in Time." The CCC provided a wide range of construction and conservation work for the Forest and was a important work program during the depression era. II. Site Objectives. A. Provide visitors with a safe, esthetic, and barrier-free facility. B. Remodel and repair the amphitheater to provide barrier-free access, modern lighting system, and state-of-the-art audiovisual equipment. III. Interpretive Program Objectives. Visitors will learn what the role of the CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) was during the 1930's and '40's. IV. Interpretive Modes. A. Approach and directional signing. B. Develop and install an imbedded fiberglass interpretive panel between parking area and amphitheater on the walkway. C. Include as a stop on self-guided auto tours. D. Include site on restaurant place mats. E. Continue evening programs. V. Cost Estimates. A. B. C. D. E. F. Approach signing One three-panel Scenic Byway interpretive display Improve accessibility Replace electrical system Add audiovisual system Remodel dressing rooms -39- $200 2,700 1,000 7,500 5,000 4,000 $19,700 �V. Justification. The Guinavah Amphitheater is a hidden gem on the Wasatch-Cache National Forest. It is an outstanding example of the quality work accomplished by the CCC. The evening programs presented during the summer camping season are a tradition. VI. Comments. Source material for development of CCC story can be obtained in the ttHistory of the Wasatch-Cache National Forest. tt -40- �SITE: GUINAVAH-MALIBU CAMPGROUND Type: Orientation Site Site Number- 8 Location New/Existing: MP 379.5 Major Interpretive Resources: Seasonal Accessibility New April - November Orientation, Facility Site Description: Guinavah-Malibu Campground is an extremely popular lower canyon destination facility that is ideally suited of an orientation site. Interpretive Significance: -To provide visitors with an overview of the District, it's interpretive theme, and recreational/educational opportunities availble here. I. Interpretive Theme. "Welcome to the Logan Canyon Scenic Byway!" There are lots of interesting and exciting things to see and explore on your journey through Logan Canyon. II. Site Objectives. To develop an orientation display near the entrance to the Guinavah-Malibu Campground. III~ Interpretive Program Objectives. A. A majority of visitors will learn of the Scenic Byway interpretive theme, and recreation/educational opportunities on the district. B. A majority of new (first time) visitors will take advantage of the self-guiding auto brochure. C. First time visitors will be suprised at all of the educational opportunities the district has to offer, and be encouraged to return and experience some of them. IV. Interpretive Modes. A. Approach and directional signing B. One three-panel orientation site display. 1. Forest and Scenic Byway maps with a "you are here" notation. 2. Photos of some of the main recreational or educational sites with a brief text. 3. Interpretation of the Scenic Byway interpretive theme. 4. Interpretation of any "seasonal" attractions or events and any associated management concerns (OHV use, fire danger, hunter safety, etc.). V. Cost Estimates. A. Approach signing B. Orientation site display $ -41- 200 2,700 2,900 �VI. Justification. The orientation area provides a opportunity for forest visitors to learn of all the opportunites available along the Byway and on the District. Many visitors will probably be unaware of these opportunities, and this will provide their first contact with the Forest/District. VII. Comments. Location of orientation site should be coordinated with campground concessionaire. -42- �SITE: FUCOIDAL QUARTZITE Type: Scenic Byway Display Site Number ______ 9 Location New or Existing Milepost 378.1 Major Interpretive Resources Seasonal Accessibility Existing April-November ~G=e=o=l=o~gy~~an==d~~F~a=c=i=l=i~t~y ____________________________ Site Description: This is an existing site that contains a routed redwood sign and gravel pullout. Is located immediately adjacent to highway and poses a significant safety hazard. It is a popular trailhead for local rock climbers and rapellers. Interpretive Significance: Interpretive sign tells the story of fossilized worm burrows evident in large chunk of "out of place" rock. Site also includes a standard one-panel plywood bulletin board with map and information on district climbing policy. I. Interpretive Theme. Existing interpretation is not related to Byway theme. It more or less serves to point out a surface phenomenon found on a nearby chunk of rock. II. Site Objectives. A. Because this site only rated moderate to low in site evaluation test recommendation is to remove it and reclaim the site. B. Geological significance can be covered in self-guided auto tour and can be depicted on restaurant place mats. C. Informational bulletin board will be retained. III. Interpretive Program Objectives. A majority of visitors using the self-guided auto tour will learn that rock from the Swan Peak formation was used as building stone for many structures in Logan, including the Logan Temple and Tabernacle. IV. Interpretive Modes. A. Include as a stop on self-guided auto tours. B. Include site on restaurant place mats. V. Cost Estimate. Removal of existing sign and site reclamation: $1,500 VI. Justification. The site presents significant safety hazards to visitors and should be removed and reclaimed. VII. Comments. Source material for development of the auto tours can be found in the "History of the Wasatch-Cache National Forest," the "Geologic Tours of Northern Utah," and Robert Oaks's unpublished manuscript on the geology of Logan Canyon. -43- �SITE: JARDINE JUNIPER TRAILHEAD Type: Adventure Side Trip Site Number - - 10 Location New or Existing Milepost 384.6 Major Interpretive Resources Existing Seasonal Accessibility May-November Biological, Historical, and Facility Site Description: Site is located approximately 1/4 mile north of Wood Camp Campground on FR 012. Facility includes a gravel parking area and horse unloading ramp. Interpretive Significance: This trail provides access to the Mount Naomi Wilderness and the Jardine Juniper tree. Wood Camp Hollow was a major source of raw materials for railroad ties between 1869 to 1885. I. Interpretive Theme. A. The Jardine Juniper tree is a 1,500-year-old Rocky Mountain juniper. B. The trail can be hot and dry, and hikers need to carry extra water for their comfort. C. The hike is 10 miles long round trip, and hikers should plan on 4.5 to 5 hours to complete the trip. D. Chinese railroad workers and pioneers removed many trees from this area between 1869 and 1885 that were used to bring the railroad to Cache Valley. II. Site Objectives A. Provide visitors with a safe and esthetic setting before they begin their hike. B. Provide visitors with the information they will need to maximize the experience of their outing. III. Interpretive Program Objectives A. A majority of visitors will come away from this site with an understanding that the Jardine Juniper is very old and needs to be treated with care and respect. B. The visitors will receive information on proper trail etiquette. C. They will find accurate information on trail length, elevation gain, and average hiking time. IV. Interpretive Modes A. Approach signing. B. Standard one-panel bulletin board with Lexan signing for interpretation of hike and Jardine Juniper. C. Include as a stop on self-guided auto tours. -44- �D. Include site on restaurant place mats. V. Cost Estimates A. Approach signing B. Standard one-panel plywood bulletin board $200 800 $1,000 VI. Justification. The Wood Camp Hollow trail to the Jardine Juniper is an extremely popular day hike. It can be very hot and dry during the heat of the summer and catches many people unprepared. Additionally, many people are not aware of the role the Chinese laborers played in the history of the settlement of the valley. VII. Comments. Because of terrain it is not physically possible to make this trail barrier-free. -45- �SITE: RICKS SPRINGS Type: Scenic Byway Display Site Number - 11 Location New or Existing Seasonal Accessibility Milepost 389.9 Major Interpretive Resources Existing April-November Historical, Geological, and Facility Site Description: This site is a popular midcanyon stop that features a cavern, spring, trail, bridge, and parking areas on both sides of the highway. Interpretive Significance:' The site is _named after Thomas A. Ricks, who, under the direct supervision of Brigham Young, mapped the route to Bear Lake in 1865. The water from the spring has been collected by locals for years, but in the early 1980's it was determined at least a portion of the water was from the Logan River and very likely contains giardia. I. Interpretive Theme. "Logan Canyon: A Portrait in Time." A. Thomas Ricks first described this site in 1865 while he was mapping the route to Bear Lake. B. These springs are similar to the Dewitt Springs and are the result of geological faulting. C. The water coming out of the cavern contains river water and is not safe to drink. In all likelihood it contains giardia, which can cause severe intestinal problems. II. Site Objectives. Provide visitors with a safe, esthetic, barrier-free interpretive experience. III. Interpretive Program Objectives. A. A majority of visitors will come away from this site with some insight into 'what it must have been like here in upper Logan Canyon in 1865. B. The visitors will see examples (graphic and pictorial) of locals coming to Ricks Springs to gather the water. C. They recognize that giardia is a very unpleasant microorganism, and the water is no longer safe to drink. IV. Interpretive Modes. A. Approach signing. B. One three-panel anodized aluminum interpretive display with information on 1. the life and times of Thomas Ricks, 2. the popularity of the "spring" water, and 3. giardia. -46- �C. Include as a stop on self-guided auto tours. D. Include site on restaurant place mats. V. Cost Estimates. A. B. C. D. Approach signs One three-panel anodized aluminum interpretive display Trail and bridge improvements Landscaping $200 2,000 3,500 1,000 $6,700 VI. Justification. Ricks Springs is a very popular site. Current use is estimated to be approximately 40,000 visits per year. There are no interpretive services available at the site at this time. Need exists to inform visitors that the water is not safe to drink. Ricks' story is notable in that his survey party was acting under the direct orders of Brigham Young. VII. Comments . A. Source documents for development of story lines include "Geologic Tours of Northern Utah," the unpublished manuscript of Robert Oaks on the geology of Logan Canyon, and the "History of the Wasatch-Cache National Forest." B. Safety is an issue at this site. Final decision will be based on recommendations contained in Logan Canyon environmental impact statement. -47- �SITE: TONY GROVE ORIENTATION SITE Type: Orientation Site Site Number - - 12 Location New or Existing Milepost 393.8 Major Interpretive Resources New ------ Seasonal Accessibility May-November Orientation Site Description: This site is located at the junction of the Byway and the Tony Grove road. It is the access point to the Tony Grove recreation area, the Lewis Turner Campground, and the Tony Grove Ranger Station and is ideally sui ted for an orientation. display •. Interpretive Significance: To provide visitors with an overview of the district, the interpretive theme for the Byway, and recreational and educational opportunities available on the district and forest. I. In terpretive Theme. "Welcome to the Logan Canyon Scenic Byway!" To provide an overview of recreational and educational opportunities on the Logan Ranger District. II. Site Objectives. To develop an orientation display at the junction of the Byway and the Tony Grove road. III. Interpretive Program Objectives. A. A majority of visitors will learn of the Scenic Byway interpretive theme and recreational and educational opportunities on the district. B. First-time visitors will be surprised at all of the educational opportunities the district has to offer and be encouraged to return and experience some of them. IV. Interpretive Modes. A. Approach and directional signing. B. One three panel orientation site display. The information provided would include: 1. Forest and Scenic Byway maps with a "You are here" notation. 2. Photos of some of the main recreational or educational sites with a brief text. 3. Interpretation of the Scenic Byway interpretive theme. 4. Interpretation of any "seasonal" attractions or events and any associated management concerns (OHV use, fire danger, hunter safety, etc.). V. Cost Estimates. A. Approach signing B. One three-panel orientation site display -48- $200 2,700 $2,900 �V. Justification. The orientation area provides an opportunity for forest visitors to learn of all the opportunites available along the Byway and on the district. Many visitors will probably be unaware of these opportunities, and this will provide their first contact with the forest and district. VI. Comments. -49- �SITE: TONY GROVE RANGER STATION Type: Scenic Byway Display Site Number Location 13 New or Existing ---=- Milepost 393.8 Existing Seasonal Accessibility June-October Major Interpretive Resources __ H_i_s_t_o_r_i_c_a_l_and__ __ F_a_c_i_l_i_t~y __________________________ Site Description: This site is located just west of the junction of the Byway and the Tony Grove road. The compound consists of a number of existing facilities including the ranger station, a barn, a wheel house (used to generate electricity for the compound) and a storage shed. The ranger station is a log cabin structure built in 1907 and the other structures in the compound a wood-framed buildings erected in the 1930's. The compound was recently included on the National Register of Historic Places. Interpretive Significance: Since its first construction in 1907, the compound has been in continuous use by the Forest Service first as back-country ranger station and living quarters for patrolling rangers, a tree nursery during the 1930's, a Civilian Conservation Corps Camp in the 1930's, a site for collection of winter snow data from the 1950's to the 1970's and is currently being used as an administrative site and housing Forest Service recreation guards. The compound is inclosed by a rail fence. I. Interpretive Theme. "Logan Canyon: A Portrait in Time." A. Life on a backcountry ranger station in 1907 could be a lonely existence but it was also one full of high adventure. B. The mission of the Forest Service, "Caring for the Land and Serving People", is much more than cutting trees. C. Ecosystems and the natural environment. There is a need for balance and sustainability in our natural environment and man is the principle role player. II. Site Objectives A. To provide visitors with a safe, esthetic, and barrier-free facility. B. To provide visitors with an entertaining and thought provoking opportunity to stroll through a turn-of the century ranger station compound. C. To restore the site and facilities to what they were in 1907. D. Prepare a self-guided tour and brochure for the compound. III. Interpretive Program Objectives A. A majority of visitors will learn what the mission on the Forest Service is today versus what it was in 1907. -50- �B. A majority of visitors will get a taste of the isolation and adventure opportunities the district has to offer and be encouraged to return and experience some of them. C. Visitors will gain an appreciation of the complexities involved in managing ecosystems so they are harmonious within themselves yet provide a sustainable flow of goods and services. IV. Interpretive Modes A. B. C. D. E. D. E. F. V. Approach and directional signing. Three three-panel interpretive displays. Six station self-guided trail. Barrier-free hardened trail. Barrier-free access to cabin. Include as a stop on self-guided auto tours. Include site on restaurant place mats. Brochure explaining history of the coumpound. Cost Estimates A. B. C. D. E. Approach signing Three three-panel orientation display Six station self-guided trail Pave trail system (6'x950') Barrier-free access to cabin $200 8,100 6,000 9,000 2,500 $25,800 VI. Justification. The Tony Grove Ranger Station offers a truely unique opportunity to interpret the historical operations of the Forest Service while at the same location providing visitors insight. into the modern day Forest Service.d women who gave so much of their lives constructing the highway. VII. Comments A. Two similar interpretive facilities exist in relative proximity to - the Tony Grove Ranger Station. The visitor seeking a turn of the century historical perspective at either the Jensen Historical Farm or the Temple Mill Site may wish to take the opportunity to experience how a Forest Service ranger station functioned during the same period. B. This particular site is an excellent candidate for ISTEA funding under the Cultural and Historic Resources Protection section. C. Source material for story line development is available in the "History of the Wasatch-Cache National Forest," in "The Forest Service: A Study in Public Land Management," by Glen Robinson, and in "The Next Era of Land Stewardship and Conservation--Breaking New Ground" series. -51- �SITE: TONY GROVE LAKE NATURE TRAIL Type: Adventure Side Trip Site number - 14 Location New or Existing Milepost 393.8 Seasonal Accessibility Existing July-October Major Interpretive Resources _G_e_o_l_o=g_i_c_a_l_an_d__ F_a_c_i_l_i_t~y______________ Site Description: This site is located 7 miles east of the junction of the Byway and the Tony Grove road. -- The . Tony .Grove Lake complex is the heart of the summer developed and dispersed recreation programs. The site comprises a 39-unit campground, a day use flat-water . fishing opportunity, and a major trailhead leading to the Mount Naoimi Wilderness and the White Pine Lake area. The existing self-guided nature trail is about 1 mile long and circles the lake. It consists of 15 stations which are marked on the ground with wooden posts. A free interpretive brochure is available at the trailhead. The trail tread is in poor condition, and much of it needs to be reconstructed. Interpretive Significance: This beautiful cirque basin is an excellent opportunity to interpret the geomorphology of the area. Visitors can see evidence of glacial activity as well as the effects of weathering on the lim~stone rock that dominates the landscape. I. Interpretive Themes A. Change! This mountain landscape looks stable, but it has seen many changes. 1. Some of these changes took place in geologic time, long before humans first appeared; others are still in progress. 2. Some occurred over millions of years: others occurred in just a few hours. 3. Man has long been a visitor here and has also brought about some of the change we see today. II. Site Objectives A. Provide visitors with a safe, esthetic, and at least partially barrier-free interpretive experience. B. Erect a trailhead display at the day use area. C. Provide interpretive signing for 12-15 sites along trail. D. Construct viewing deck and interpretive signing for Tony Grove Lake. E. Replace existing restroom with 2-unit, barrier-free, flush unit. F. Reconstruct existing trail to provide barrier-free facility. -52- �III. Interpretive Program Objectives A. A majority of visitors will come away from this experience with an understanding that change in nature is a continuous process. B. The visitors will see examples (graphic and pictoral) of the forces (geological and human) that shaped the Tony Basin. C. They will take the challenge and answer the question of what they can do to protect these fragile environments. IV. Interpretive Modes A. Approach and directional signing. B. Standard two-panel bulletin board. C. Trail signs will be 11x17-inch Lexan mounted on plywood and bolted to steel signposts. D. One three-panel'-anodized aluminum display. E. Include as a stop on self-guided auto tours. F. Include site on resturant placemats. G. Guided evening hikes. V. Cost Estimates A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. Approach signing Standard two-panel bulletin board Graphic artwork and fabrication of 15 interpretive signs Design and fabrication of 15 1/4-inch steel posts Delivery and installation of steel posts and signs One three-panel anodized aluminum interpretive display Viewing deck Two-unit restroom Reconstruct trail $200 1,470 1,500 1,500 1,500 2,700 3,000 29,000 20,000 $60,870 VI. Justification. The Tony Grove Lake area is the flagship of the district's developed recreation area. The Tony Grove Nature Trail is also an extremely popular trail. Existing interpretive services include a free pamphlet that interprets sites identified by numbered wooden posts. Reconstructing the trail and interpreting the theme of "change" is an outstanding-opportunity to enhance the interpretive experience for the visitor. VII. Conunents. A. Interpretive services for this trail will be designed and are scheduled for installation during the 1993-94 summer field season. B. The trail around the lake is the best opportunity on the district to create a barrier-free outdoor interpretive experience. The trail will need to be surveyed to determine the practicality of and extent of barrier-free access. C. Source documents for development of story lines include "Geologic Tours of Northern Utah," the unpublished manuscript of Robert Oaks on the geology of Logan Canyon, and the "History of the Wasatch-Cache National Forest. -53- �SITE: FRANKLIN BASIN Type: Scenic Byway Display Site Number Location 15 New or Existing ----=:::..- Milepost 397.0 Existing Seasonal Accessibility Year-round Major Interpretive Resources _H_i_s_t_o_r_i_c_an_d__ F_a_c_i_l_i_t~y ______________ Site Description: This site looks into a township that consists of both private land and land adminsistered by the Utah Department of Lands. Franklin Basin is a popular dispersed recreation area in the summer and a popular snowmobiling and cross-country skiing area in the winter. ' A groomed snowmobile trail running from Monte Cristo to Soda Springs, Idaho, also runs through the area. Facilities include a parking area and restroom. Interpretive Significance: The Franklin Basin area is approximately 28,000 acres in size and is the headwaters of the Logan River. Revenues generated from mineral extraction, grazing, and timber management go to the Utah School Trust. An interpretive site here is a good opportunity to present the idea of multiple-use lands managed by the State going to fund the State's school system. I. Interpretive Theme. "Logan Canyon: A Portrait in Time." A. The lands of the upper Logan River watershed have in the past provided many products. B. The School Trust lands were set up to provide an uninterrupted source of revenue for the schools of Utah. C. At one time a steam-driven sawmill operated along the banks of the Logan River. II. Site Objectives. A. Provide visitors with a safe, esthetic, barrier-free interpretive experience. B. Replace existing restroom with a two-unit, sweet-smelling vault toilet. III. Interpretive Program Objectives. A. A majority of visitors will come away from this site with some insight (graphic and pictorial) into the timber and mineral extraction activities that have taken place here in the past. B. They will come away with a good feeling on the role of School Trust lands. IV. Interpretive Modes. -54- �A. B. C. D. Approach signs. One three-panel anodized aluninum interpretive display. Include as a stop on self-guided auto tours. Include site on restaurant place mats. V. Cost Estimates. A. B. C. D. Approach signs One three-panel anodized aluminum interpretive display Landscaping Replace existing restroom $200 2,700 1,000 25,000 $28,900 VI. Justification. The Franklin Basin area is an extremely popular summer, fall, and winter dispersed recreation ' area. Many people are unaware of the mission of the Department of Lands and the mandate for the management of these lands. VII. COIIIIIents. A. Source documents for development of story lines include "Geologic Tours of Northern Utah," the unpublished manuscript of Robert Oaks on the geology of Logan Canyon, and the "History of the Wasatch-Cache National Forest." Additional information on the history of the School Trust lands can be obtained from the Utah Department of Lands. B. Development of this site will depend on outcome of the proposed land exchange between the Forest Service and the Department of Lands. C. Site plan should provide for separation between snow storage areas and location of interpretive display. -55- �SITE: BEAVER JUNCTION Type: Scenic Byway Display and Orientation Site Site number - - - 16 Location New or Existing Milepost 399.7 Major Interpretive Resources New ------ Seasonal Accessibility May-October Historic, Orientation, and Facility Site Description: The location of this proposed site is at the turnoff to the Beaver Mountain Ski Area. The point has more than 85,000 visitors pass by on their way to participate in various winter sports activities. It is also located approximately. 1/4 mile west of the Beaver Creek Lodge, which is an outfitter and guide 'operation offering lodging, horseback trips, and snowmobile trips. Interpretive Significance: Beaver Junction has great potential for an interpretive site, picnic area, and trailhead for the Great Western Trail. It is the best site available to tell the story of the history of the Logan Canyon highway. I. Interpretive Theme. "Logan Canyon: A Portrait in Time." A. Scenic Byway 1. The development of the Logan Canyon highway can be summed up as "The shortest distance between two points is not necessarily a straight line." 2. The road, which was originally a toll road, was begun in 1862 and is still being worked on today. B. Orientation: To provide an overview of recreational and educational opportunities on the Logan Ranger District. II. Site Objectives A. To provide visitors with a safe, esthetic, and barrier-free facility. B. To provide visitors with a pleasant roadside picnic area that includes picnic tables, restroom, interpretive opportunity, and orientation information. C. Provide directional signing for the Great Western Trail. III. Interpretive Program Objectives A. A majority of visitors will learn of the Scenic Byway interpretive theme and recreation and educational opportunities on the district. B. First-time visitors will be suprised at all of the educational opportunities the district has to offer and be encouraged to return and experience some of them. -56- �C. Visitors will gain an appreciation for the enormous human effort that was involved in constructing the road between Logan and Bear Lake that so many today take for granted. IV. Interpretive Modes A. B. C. D. E. Approach and directional signing. One three-panel orientation site display. One three-panel interpretive display. Include as a stop on self-guided auto tours. Include site on restaurant place mats. V. Cost Estimates A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. Approach signing One three-panel orientation display . One three-panel interpretive display Pave parking area (18,000 sq. ft.) Steps and trail system (5x800 feet) Two-unit vault restroom Five picnic tables Landscaping Great Western Trail signing $200 2,700 2,700 18,000 10,500 25,000 3,500 1,000 1,000 $64,600 VI. Justification. The Beaver Junction site is an excellent opportunity to combine an upper canyon picnic site with an interpretive opportunity. This site is the best chance to interpret the contribution of the men and women who gave so much of their lives constructing the highway. VII. Comments A. This site can double as a snowmobile trailhead in the winter months. Final design should include input from UDOT to ensure snow removal is possible. B. Source documents for story development include the "History of the Wasatch-Cache National Forest," an unpublished manuscript by John K. Wood entitled "Roads and Trails of the Wasatch-Cache National Forest," and another unpublished manuscript by B.J. Yonce entitled "Transportation and Road Development in Logan Canyon." -57- �SITE: LIMBER PINE CHILDREN'S NATURE TRAIL Type: Adventure Side Trip Site number ---=-17 Location New or Existing Milepost 404.9 Seasonal Accessibility Existing June-October Major Interpretive Resources __ B_i_o_l_o~g~i_c_a_l_an_d_F_a_c_i_l_i_t~y ______________ Site Description: The site, located at an elevation of 7800 feet, is a self-guided nature trail located on the divide between the Logan River drainage and Bear Lake. The trail is laid out in a loop configuration, is approximately 1 mile long, and takes about an hour to hike. Interpretive Significance: The trail leads to a limber pine tree that is actually five or six trees that have grown together and is about 560 years old. The trail winds through mixed conifer forest and aspen and sagebrush groves. It is an excellent location to develop story lines dealing with various ecosystem relationships. I. Interpretive Themes. The theme of this trail is "connections." When you try to change any single thing, you find it hitched to everything else in the universe. II. Site Objectives. A. Provide visitors with a safe and esthetic interpretive experience along the Bear Lake Summit. B. Create a trailhead display. C. Erect interpretive signing for 12-15 sites along trail. D. Add approach signing. E. Provide a two-unit vault restroom. III. Interpretive Program Objectives. A. Develop a children's nature trail for the fourth-grade level. Esthetics, layout, and attractive signing will, however, make it a very pleasurable experience for children of all ages. B. A majority of visitors will come away from this site with an understanding that everything they see in nature is connected to something else. C. A majority of visitors will see examples (graphic and pictorial) of relationships that exist between the plants, animals, and earth within and between several different plant communities. D. A majority of visitors will see examples of how careless acts can leave their mark on the land. IV. Interpretive Modes. A. B. C. D. Approach and directional signing. Standard one panel bulletin board Trail signs will be 11x17-inch, 8-mil Lexan with a matte finish. Include as a stop on self-guided auto tours. -58- �E. Include site on restaurant place mats. F. Guided evening hikes. V. Cost Estimates. A. B. C. F. G. H. Approach signing Standard one-panel bulletin board Graphic artwork and fabrication of 15 interpretive signs Design and fabrication of 15 1/4-inch steel posts Installation of steel posts and signs Two-unit vault restroom $200 800 1,500 1,500 1,500 25,000 $30,500 VI. Justification. The Limber Pine Nature Trail has been a very popular hike for visitors since its inception in the late 1960's. Existing interpretive " services "; " include: a free pamphlet that interprets sites ; identified by "numbered wooden posts. Redesigning the trail and making it more thematic is an opportuni" to greatly enhance the interpretive ty experience for the young visitor. Both the Cache and Logan school districts will be using the trail for fall field trips. VII. Cooments. A. Interpretive services for this trail have been designed and are scheduled for installation during the 1993 summer field season. B. Because of terrain it is not physically possible to make this trail barrier-free. -59- �SITE: BEAR LAKE OVERLOOK Type: Scenic Byway Display and Orientation Site Site Number - 18 Location New or Existing Milepost 405.7 Major Interpretive Resources Seasonal Accessibility New ----- April-November Historical, Geological, Orientation, Biological, and Facility Site Description: The site is a popular stop for visitors traveling the Byway. It offers a panoramic ·view of the stunning aquamarine waters of Bear Lake and of the surrounding area. This site is in many ways similar to the Lady Bird Overlook (Site 1). It is the east portal to Logan Canyon for travelers heading toward Logan and is the west portal to the Bear Lake area for travelers heading to Jackson Hole and Yellowstone and other points east. The existing facility consists of an asphalt parking area and a wildlife interpretive display provided by the Bear Lake Regional Commission. The site has no sanitary facilities and is only partially accessible. Interpretive Significance: 1992 Recreation Information Management data estimates 82,000 people annually visit the Bear Lake Overlook. Site and its spectacular view make it ideally suited for an orientation display and interpretive displays telling the stories of the area's rich history, the unique geology and fish of Bear Lake, and the three eras of exploitation, conservation, and stewardship. I. Interpretive Theme. "Logan Canyon is a portrait in time." A. There have been three broad eras of land use associated with the settlement of the North American continent: exploitation, conservation, and stewardship. 2. The history of Bear Lake is full of colorful stories about the mountain men who rendezvoused here in 1826 and '27 and the settlers who passed through the area on their way west along the Oregon Trail. 3. Earthquake activity 8,000 years ago created the conditions that give the lake its color and provide habitat for four species of fish found nowhere else in the world. 4. "Welcome to the Logan Canyon Scenic Byway!" There are lots of interesting and exciting things to see and explore on your journey through Logan Canyon. II. Site Objectives. A. Provide visitors with a safe, barrier-free place to stop, use the restroom, get a drink of water, have a picnic, and enjoy the view. B. Create interpretive media for -60- �1. the stewardship and conservation story, 2. information on the recreational and interpretive opportunities on and off the Scenic Byway, 3. describing the events that give the lake its color and unique populations of fish, and 4. telling the story of the mountain men and settlers heading west on the Oregon Trail. . C. Make an outdoor display for visitor orientation to the district and its many recreational and educational opportunities. D. Maintain and enhance the visual quality of the site. E. Ample parking to accommodate RV's and motorcoaches. III. Interpretive Program Objectives. A. A majority of visitors .will recognize America has entered a new era of land stewardship and· will have·. a sense of what it may mean to them. They will also be introduced to concepts created in programs like Take Pride in Utah, Leave No Trace, and Tread Lightly. Visitors will understand why it is important now more than ever that we be wise stewards of out public lands. B. Visitors will gain an understanding and historical perspective of the mountain men and settlers. C. They will learn about the powerful earthquake that occurred 8,000 years ago and isolated Bear Lake from the Bear River. D. They will leave with an understanding of what the Scenic Byway program is about. They will also know there is a diverse array of recreation and educational opportunities that lie ahead to the east, know there are many things to see and do in Logan and the surrounding area. IV. Interpretive Modes A. Approach signing. B. One three-panel orientation site display. C. Three three-panel anodized aluminum interpretive displays: 1. Historical. 2. Geological and wildlife. 3. Land stewardship and conservation (bookend display with Lady Bird Overlook). D. Include as a stop on self-guided auto tours. E. Include site on restaurant place mats. V. Cost Estimates A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. Approach signing Orientation site display Three 3-panel anodized aluminum interp displays Paved path (6'x520') Paved Parking (34,000 sq. ft.) 4-unit restroom Picnic tables (4@ $700 each) Picnic Shelters (4@ $2,000 each) Water System Landscaping -61- $200 2,700 8,100 7,800 34,000 35,000 2,800 8,000 20,000 3,000 $121,600 �VI. Justification. The site is a key stop because of the use it is currently receiving and because it is the east portal to the Scenic Byway. VII. Comments. A. For the reasons above it is crucial that site development be state-of the-art and reflective of the very best we can do, integrating interpretive services and site design. B. This site is the east portal to the Byway and will serve as a bookend site to the Lady Bird Overlook. C. Cultural and historical story development will be provided by A.J. Simmonds, curator of the USU historical archives. Additional source material is available in the "History of the Wasatch-Cache National Forest." Geological information is available in "Geologic Tours of Northern Utah" and in an unpublished manuscript on the geology of Logan Canyon by Robert Oaks available at the Logan District office. The story of land stewardship and conservation is contained in "The Next Era of Land Stewardship and Conservation--Breaking New Ground" series. Background on the National Scenic Byway program will be provided by the Forest Service. -62- �SITE: GARDEN CITY VISITOR CENTER Type: Scenic Byway Display Site Number ---=:...-19 Location New or Existing Milepost 411.7 Seasonal Accessibility Existing April-November Major Interpretive Resources _H_i_s_t_o_r_i_c_a_l_an_d__ F_a_c_i_l_i_t~y _________________________ Site Description: The Visitor Center consists of two small log buildings located at the intersection of US 89 and SR 30. The center is staffed by volunteers who assist visitors and hand out printed material on the area. The center has no restroom facilities or water. The land .is . privately owned and leased to the Bear Lake ·Regional ·Commission. The term of the lease is not fixed. Interpretive Significance: The center receives approximately 20,000 visitors per year between May 15 and September 15. It is the logical choice of location to provide information on the history of Garden City and information on things to see and do while visiting Bear Lake. I. Interpretive Themes. Discover Bear Lake! The communities surrounding Bear Lake provide services to meet your every recreational need. II. Site Objectives. Provide visitors with a central location to receive information. and ask questions on things to see and do in the area. III. Interpretive Program Objectives. A. A majority of visitors will be able to easily identify the Visitor Center and know it is the place to go to get their questions answered. B. They will appreciate the ease and convenience of using the facilities. IV. Interpretive Modes A. B. C. D. Approach signing. One three-panel anodized aluminum interpretive display. Include as a stop on self-guided auto tours. Include site on restaurant place mats. V. Cos t Es tima tes A. Approach signing B. One three-panel anodized aluminum interp display $200 2,700 $2,900 V. Justification. This site is a logical location for a visitor center. lack of a termable lease is a valid consideration. VI. Comments. -63- The �A. Coordinate with UDOT on obtaining ISTEA enhancement dollars for site improvements and possible outright purchase. B. Source material for story development available through A.J. Simmonds, curator of the USU historical archives. Additional material available in the "History of the Wasatch-Cache National Forest" and through the Bear Lake Regional Commission. -64- �20. Proposed Brochures, Programs, and Other Services. a. Logan Canyon Scenic Byway brochure. This full-color brochure would provide a mile-by-mile interpretation of the sights and sounds encountered between the Lady Bird Overlook and Garden City at the terminus of the Byway at Bear Lake. I t would include a map of the Byway and capsulated information on the cultural history, geology, plants and animals, camping opportunities, trails, interpretive opportunities, and lodging. Half-toned photos or line drawings of common wildlife, vegetation. and area attractions would be included. The brochure would be available at no charge through campground hosts, and at select locations in Logan, Garden City, and throughout the region. Cost detail: Contract production (10,000 copies) $7,500 b. Logan Canyon Scenic Byway audiotape. This project would be an audio version of the brochure described above. It would be paced by average vehicle speed for different sections in the canyon and would feature a nationally known narrator. The tape would be distributed at local chambers of commerce, Forest Service offices, area bookstores, and through tour bus companies operating routes through the canyon. Cost detail: Contract production Reproduction (500 copies) $10,000 500 $10.500 c. Logan Canyon Scenic Byway videotape. This project is a 30-minute souvenir videotape of the sites and sounds encountered along the Byway. Like the audiotape it would feature a nationally known narrator. The video would portray the unique beauty of the canyon and the seasonal variations in color and texture. The tape could be used as a marketing tool for the area and by people wishing to have a visual image of their experience. Cost detail: Contract production Reproduction (500 copies) $20,000 750 $20,750 d. Logan Canyon Scenic Byway Adventure Side Trips. This project would consist of a free brochure that would provide written descriptions and directions to popular drives and hikes into the Logan Ranger District back country. Marketing and distribution would be the same as described for the auto tours. Cost detail: Contract production (lO,OOO) -65- $7,500 �E. Service industry personnel training. Contract development of training package for service industry personnel in Cache County and the north end of Rich County. Objective would be to emphasize the tourism aspects of customer service. Objective would be to provide training and materials so government and private sector employees would be able to anticipate and meet the expectations of customers visiting the area. Cost detail: Contract development (to be determined) F. Restaurant place mats. Develop a restaurant place mat that would feature a stylized map of the Byway and surrounding communities. Popular stops, trails, and roads along the Byway would be identified, and visitors would be encouraged to go out and explore. Cost detail: Contract production (20,000 copies) $4,000 G. Scenic Byway interpretive sign prints and note cards. Produce artist's prints of the most popular interpretive signs. Prints and note cards would be sold at local retail outlets and interpretive association outlets. Cost detail: Contract production (to be determined) -66- �H. Implementation and operations. Table 5 contains a summary of recommended interpretive services and media, including budget estimates. The blocks for the fiscal year in which each should be implemented have not been completed. Pending final review and approval the steering committee, district personnel, and forest recreation staff will meet to prioritize and schedule implementation of the approved projects. For the various budget estimates for interpretive services or media, the costs reflect the estimated cost for that product if it were contracted out. These costs do not reflect other budget items that might be associated with each product or service, such as travel expenses, shipping costs, etc. I. Monitoring : and :.Evaluation. The following matrix of recommended methods for monitoring and evaluating interpretive services are taken from ttA Handbook For Evaluating Interpretive Services" (USDA Forest Service, 1992). TABLE 4. EVALUATION AND MONITORING TECHNIQUE MATRIX Objectives Type of Interpretive Service . Enjoyment Learning Behavior PERSONAL Group interview Group interview Observation Guided walks, talks, etc. Response card NON-PERSONAL Group interview Seli-guided activities, exhibits, etc. Group interview Observation Response card Readability analysis WRITTEN TEXTS Publications, exhibit and sign texts Group interview Group interview The following is a brief description of the evaluation techniques included in the above table. 1. Response card technique: A method in which individuals report what they learned from an interpretive service they have experienced. This approach is quantitative. Visitors can be randomly selected to receive the cards, which allows their responses to be generalized to other visitors who receive the same interpretive service. 2. Group interview: A qualitative technique that uses group discussion and interaction to gather opinions and feelings. The value of group interaction is that visitors are prompted to voice ideas they may not be able to articulate on their own. In addition, they -67- �can elaborate on those ideas, providing greater depth of information. 3. Observation: An unobtrusive way to collect information about visitor behavior in response to interpretive messages. As with the response card technique, this is a quantitative method. Visitors to be observed are randomly selected, allowing generalization. 4. Readability analysis: A numerical system for determining the readability of texts, like brochures and sign texts. Here the assumption is made that if an interpretive text is to be enjoyed, it must be easy and interesting to read. This is quantitative approach that does not rely on visitor input, -and it is recommended it be used in conjunction with a technique like the group interview. -68- �TABLE 5. LOGAN CANYON SCENIC BYWAY· INTERPRETIVE SERVICES COST ESTIMATES AND IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE Site # Project 1 Lady Bird / LRD Headquarters Approach signs Ori entation display Hi storical display Geological display Stewardship display Cost Estimate $ 200 2,700 2,700 2,700 -..UQQ $11 ,000 2 Hydro II/Second Dam Approach signs Hydroelectric di"splay Viewing deck Logan River bridge $ 200 2,700 3,500 JiS....QQQ. $91,400 I '" 3 Lake Bonneville Remove and recl aim 4 Dewitt Springs Approach si~ns Geologica I ispl ay Tr<li l syst l~ m/v iew <l n ~<I \.0 I 5 Riverside N ature Trail Approach signs Two-panel bulletin board 15 station interpretive signs 6 Loga n Wind Caves Approach signs Two-panel bulletin board Pave parking area [2000 sq.ft. J 7 Guinavah Amphitheater Approach signs Historical display Barrier-free access Replace electrical system Add audiovisual system Remodel dressings rooms $ 200 2,700 5, 500 ~ $ 200 1,450 4 SOD r6,i7o $ 200 1,470 2,000 $ 3,670 $ 200 2,700 5,000 7,500 5,000 4 000 $24',000 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Comments �TABLE Site # Project 8 Guinavah-Malibu Orientation Site Approach signing Orientation display 9 Fucoidal Quartzite Remove and reclaim 10 Jardine Juniper Trailhead Approach signs One-panel bulletin board 11 Ricks'Spring Approach Signs Historical/biological display Trail/bridge improvements Landscaping I ~ o I Cost Estimate $ 200 2,700 $ 2,900 $ 1,500 200 800 $ 1,000 $ $ 200 2,700 3,500 --LQQQ $ 7,400 12 Tony Grove Orientation Site Approach signs Orientation display 13 Tony Grove Ranger Station Approach signs FS Mission display Historical display Ecosystem display 6-station self-guided trail Barrier-free trail (6' x 950') Barrier-free access to cabin 14 Tony Grove Lake Nature Trail Approach signs Two-panel bulletin board 15-station self-guided trail Lake display Viewing deck Two-unit restroom Reconstruct trail $ 200 2700 $ 2;900 $ 200 2,700 2,700 2,700 6,000 9,000 2,500 $25 ,800 $ 200 1,470 4,500 2,700 3,000 29,000 ..2rulQQ. $60,870 5 1995 (continued) 1996 1997 1998 1999 Comments �TABLE Site # Project Cost Estimate 15 Franklin Basin Approach signs Historica l display Landscaping Replace restroom 16 Beaver Junction Approach signs Orientation display Highway development display Pave parking 118,000 sq.ft.] Steps/trail system (5' x 800') Two-unit vault restroom Five picnic tables Landscaping Great Western Trail signs 17 Limber Pine Children's Trail Approach signs One-panel bulletin board 15-station trai I Two-unit vault restroom 18 Bea r Lake Overlook Approach signs Orientation display Historica l display Geological/wildlife display Stewardship display Trail system (6' x 520') Paved parking 118,000 sq.ft.] Four-unit restroom Four picnic tables ($700 each) Four picnic shelters ($2000 each) Water system upgrade Landscaping 19 Gard en City Visitor Center Approach signs Historical display $ 200 2,700 2,700 18,000 10,500 25,000 3,500 1,000 -.LQQQ. $64600 I -...j r' I $ 200 2,700 2,700 2,700 2,700 7,800 34,000 35,000 2,800 8,000 20,000 3,000 $121,600 $ 200 2700 $ l,900 20 Brochures, Programs, Other Services Scenic Byway Brochure Scenic Byway Audiotape Scenic Byway Videotape Adventure Side Trip Brochure Restau rant Pl acemats Prints and Note Cards 1995 $ 200 2,700 1,000 25,000 $28 900 $ 200 800 4,500 25,000 $30,500 $ 7,500 $10,500 $20,750 $ 7,500 $ 4,000 $ TBD 5 - (continued) 1996 1997 1998 1999 Comments �J. Partnership Opportunities. Community involvement in forest projects is a tradition on the Logan Ranger District. The district has received state and national recognition through the "Take Pride in Utah" and the "Take Pride in America" programs for the partnerships it has organized each of the last 3 years. These partnerships have involved local business, government, youth groups, families, and individuals, whose combined efforts have been valued at over $350,000 per year. A number of partners are on record in support of the development of interpretive sites along the Logan Canyon highway. They include the Cache-Rich Tourist Council, the Bridgerland Travel Region, the Utah Department of Transportation, Cache County, Rich County, the Bear River Association of Governments, the city of Logan, and Garden City. We are certain that similar accomplishmen ts"" will continue when the energy "these volunteers possess is marshaled into interpretive site development along the Logan Canyon Scenic Byway. v. Summary Tourism is a vital part of the economy in both Cache and Rich Counties. Over the next decade Rich County looks to tourism as its primary growth area. Agriculture and government activity have plateaued, and the potential for tourism growth is promising. While Cache's diverse economy is not dependent on tourism, it is regarded as an important segment for growth in the economy (Thompson, 1993). The proposed projects will have a profound impact on tourism in the two counties. The new interpretive services proposed for the Byway will encourage recreationists from the Wasatch Front, the largest component of tourists to the area, to stay longer and use the Byway's resources more often. The 3,000-plus bus tours passing through the Byway represent the largest untapped potential tourism market for the area. " Almost all are destined for Salt Lake City or the Yellowstone and " Jackson areas. The improved pullouts, interpretive displays, and day use recreation facilities will undoubtedly induce more of the bus tours to stop and enjoy the facilities in Logan Canyon. If the tours take more time on " the Byway they are more likely to stay overnight in area motels, eat in area restaurants, and shop in area stores. Bus tours on the average spend $7,000 per day (Thompson). Even a marginal increase in the time buses stay in the area will likely have a substantial effect. Quality of life is one of the prime considerations, if not the highest, as businesses look for areas for expansion or relocation. Cache County particularly is experiencing strong interest from businesses across the nation. One of the strongest components of the area's quality-of-life mix is the easy and quick access to excellent outdoor recreation opportunities, Logan Canyon being the most highly regarded. Anything done to improve the utility of the canyon's resources will encourage further economic development and improve retention of existing businesses and employees. -72- �VI. Recommendations A number of tasks, most of which deal with implementation, remain: A. NEPA. The National Environmental Policy Act mandates federal agencies analyze and disclose the effects of any actions they undertake. The only project identified in this interpretive guide that is NEPA sufficient is the Hydro II Park/Second Dam. The interpretive displays planned for the Lady Bird Park/Logan Ranger District Headquarters and the Garden City Visitors Center are not located on national forest system land and do not require NEPA compliance. The remainder of the projects described in this guide will require : NEPA compliance. B. Recreation Opportunity Spectrum -Classification. The forest plan classified the entire Logan Canyon Highway corridor as roaded natural. The evidence of man-made development is significant particularly in the lower segment of the canyon. High daily traffic volumes coupled with the presence of hardened campgrounds, recreation residences, two power plants, private homes, and a restaurant suggest ammending the current classification to rural. The rural classification more realistically reflects the existing level of development and land modification in the lower canyon and offers the opportunity to develop a more diverse array of managment opportunities. This situation was also identified by Butkus and Rieder for the upper canyon in the vicinity of the Tony Grove Ranger Station. C. Intermodal Surface Transportation Effeciency Act of 1991. ISTEA represents a new model for transportation in America. It is more comprehensive than past highway bills, and focuses considerable emphasis on state-wide and metropolitan planning, rural development, scenic beauty and landscaping, scenic byways, tourism, bicycles and pedestrian facilities, preservation of historic and cultural areas, and prevention of adverse effects on water quality, air quality and wetlands. ISTEA requires an intergrated approach by the states, involving local governments, publics, and the Forest Service to realize its full potential. The time to act on ISTEA is NOW! Using this guide as a platform, the district, Utah Department of Transportation, the Cache-Rich Tourist Council, local government and local citizens groups should begin organizing to formulate plans and projects that meet the intent of ISTEA. D. Prioritize and Schedule. The district, planning team, and SO specialists will need to meet to craft a strategy to fund the various projects described in the interpretive guide. Among the criteria to be used in this process are timing and site availability, partnership development, ISTEA funding opportunities for scenic byways and enhancements, State of Utah Motorized and Non-motorized Trail programs, and scenic byway devlopment projects sponsored by the Wasatch-Cache. Once projects are prioritized it will become possible to encorporate those that are most appropriately funded by the Forest Service into the outyear budgeting process. -73- �E. Volunteers and Partnerships. Continue to nurture and develop a strong and diverse cadre of volunteers to assist in development and implementation on individual site developments. Working with the local chamber of commerce develop a marketing strategy for the Byway that can be used to enlist the financial support of local and regional businesses. Developing partnerships with the motor coach tour companies operating on the Byway should be aggressively explored. -74- �VII. Literature Cited A&A Research. 1992. Wasatch-Cache National Forest Communications Planning Workbook. Kalispell, Montana. Bacon, Richard. 1991. Clemson University Outdoor Recreation Short Course. Clemson, South Carolina. Personal communication. Butkus, Michael. 1993. Director, Institute for the Study of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, Utah State University, Logan, Utah. Personal communication. Cooper, Elizabeth J. 1989. Characteristics of Recreation Visitors in the Bridgerland Area. Master of Science thesis. Utah State University, Logan, Utah. Cordell, Ken H. 1991. Keeping Recreation Management on Top in anlnformation Age. Clemson University Outdoor Recreation Shortcourse. Clemson, North Carolina. Coutant, Gerald J. 1991. Interpretive Planning. Clemson University Outdoor Recreation Shortcourse. Clemson, South Carolina. Ham, Sam H. 1992. Environmental Interpretation--A Practical Guide for People With Big Ideas and Small Budgets. Golden, Colorado. North American Press. Lewis, William J. 1983. Identifying a Theme. The Interpreter, 14 {1}: i. Morgan, Susan K. 1992. Geologic Tours of Northern Utah. Utah. Utah Geological Survey. Salt Lake City, Moses, Dennis J. 1971. Transportation and Road Development in Logan Canyon. Unpublished manuscript. Logan Ranger District office, Logan, Utah. Ostergaard, Clark. 1993. Supervisory Landscape Architect, Wasatch-Cache National Forest. _Salt Lake City, Utah. Personal communication. Ostergaard, Richard. 1990. A Development and Interpretive Guide for the San Juan Skyway--A National Forest Scenic Byway. Durango, Colorado. Peterson, Charles S., and Linda E. Speth. 1980. The History of the Wasatch-Cache National Forest. Utah State University Press. Logan, Utah. President's Commission. 1987. The report of the President's Commission on Americans Outdoors. Washington, D.C. Regnier, Kathleen, Michael Gross, and Ron Zimmerman. 1992. The Interpreter's Guidebook: Techniques for Programs and Presentations. Stevens Point, Wisconsin. UW-SP Foundation Press, Inc. Reiter, Douglas, and Michael Butkus. 1993. Tony Grove Ranger Station Interpretive Plan. Institute for the Study of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism. Utah State University. Logan, Utah. -75- �Roth, Helen. 1993. Director, Northern Utah Options for Independence. Personal communication. Logan, Utah. Sample, Alaric V. 1991. Land Stewardship in the Next Era of Conservation --Breaking New Ground series. Pinchot Instute of Conservation, Gray Towers Press. Medford, Pennsylvania. Thompson, Douglas. 1993. Director Cache-Rich Chamber of Commerce and Tourist Council. Logan, Utah. Tilden, Freeman. 1957. Interpreting Our Heritage. Carolina. University of North Carolina Press. Chapel Hill, North USDA Forest· Service. 1986. Wasatch-Cache National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan. Wasatch-Cache National Forest. Salt Lake City, Utah. Utah Department of Transportation and Federal Highway Administration. 1993. U.S. Highway 89--Logan Canyon Highway, Cache and Rich Counties, Utah. Final environmental impact statement. Utah Travel Council. 1987. Utah Tourism Study: Executive Summary. Lake City Convention and Visitors Bureau. Salt Lake City, Utah. Salt Veverka, John A., Sandra A. Poneleit, and David E. Traweek. 1986. Standardized Planning Forms for the Development of Interpretive Planning Documents. John Veverka and Associates. Veverka, John A. 1993. Veverka and Associates. Interpretive Master Planning Training. Ogden, Utah. Personal communication. John Wildesen, Leslie E. 1991. Heritagemania: What's Out There to Interpret, Anyway? Presented at Third Global Congress, Heritage Interpretation International. Honolulu, Hawaii. Wood, John K. 1991. Roads and Trails of the Wasatch-Cache National Forest. Unpublished manuscript. Logan Ranger District office. Logan, Utah. -76- �Appendix 1 -77- �Partners and Supporters Local Government Contact Phone Bear River Association of Governments Cache County Garden City Logan City Rich County Jay Aguillar Seth Allen Bryce Nelson Russell Fjeldsted Dee Johnson 752-7242 752-5935 946-2901 750-9803 946-3210 Utah State University Contact Phone Administrative Affairs Center for People with Disabilities College of Education Conference and Institute Division Developmental Center for Handicapped Persons Geology Department Historical Archives C.Wayne Smith Marvin Fifield Izar Martinez Dallas Holmes 750-1146 750-1981 750-1437 750-1690 Sebastian Striefel Robert Oaks A.J. Simmonds 750-1985 750-3283 750-2661 Utah State Government Contact Phone Utah Department of Lands Utah Department of Transportation Utah Division of Wildlife Resources Craig Pettigrew Lynn Zollinger Bruce Anderson 752-8701 752-5733 479-5143 Organizations Contact Phone Boy Scouts of America Cache-Rich Tourist Council Capitol Arts Alliance Mountain Land Travel Region Options for Independence Neil Butterfield Doug Thompson Ralph Hoskins Darrell Cook Helen Roth 752-4278 752-2161 753-6518 377-2262 753-5353 Businesses Contact Phone Beaver Creek, Inc. Beaver Mountain, Inc. Central Valley Machine Coca-Cola Company of Logan Comfort Inn Creekside Home Health Care First Security Harold Dance Brokerage LarWest International Engineering Moore Business Communication Services Murdock Travel Management Pepperidge Farm RVA Realtors Scientific Advertising and Design, Inc. Sonic Cable Television of Utah WESCOR ZCMI Brian Lundahl Ted Seeholtzer Audre Wursten Dave Harrison H.Randall Weston Bonnie James Robert Saunders Harold Dance Gale Larson Craig Peterson Frank Stewart David Van Laar Russell Anderson Steve Murdock Randall Lee Reed Crockett Rodney Pack 753-1707 753-0921 752-0934 752-3033 752-9141 753-8833 752-0912 752-8484 753-0169 752-2093 753-2544 258-2491 753-4670 752-4730 752-9731 753-2725 750-7500 � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/122">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/122</a> Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies, scans, or prints of this item for fair use purposes, please see Utah State University's Reproduction Order Form at: <a href="https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php">https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2013 Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner. Checksum 294219305 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 52917777 Bytes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A portrait in time: A guide to interpretive services of Logan Canyon Scenic Byway Description An account of the resource The overall objective of this paper is to describe the methods that were used to develop an interpretive guide for the Logan Canyon Scenic Byway. Included are statements of purpose and need, a literature review, a statement of methodology, the interpretive guide, a summary statement, and a list of recommendations. The interpretive guide includes an introduction and sections on interpretive vision, project goals and objectives, an interpretive resources inventory, the major theme development, visitor analysis, major site and program development, and implementation and operations. It concludes with a section on monitoring and evaluation. Included are detailed descriptions of 19 interpretive sites and an array of interpretive goods and services. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sibbernsen, Chip Subject The topic of the resource Logan Canyon (Utah)--History Logan Canyon (Utah) Wilderness areas Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Student projects Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1992-05-06 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Logan (Cache County, Utah, United States) Bear Lake (Rich County, Utah, United States) Rich County (Utah) Garden City (Rich County, Utah, United States) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1990-1999 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Utah Wilderness Association Records, 1980-2000, COLL MSS 200 Series III Box 6 Item 10 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. View the inventory for this collection at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv75259">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv75259</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Special Collections and Archives, phone (435) 797-2663. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Highway 89 Digital Collections Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS200_Forest Ser_Item 10.pdf Highway 89; https://highway89.org/files/original/5688c1527a10b08fdc7ae74859ab4e67.pdf 48f4239b4d264ffbeddeafcfd6fa3f30 PDF Text Text ���� Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/51">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/51</a> Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies, scans, or prints of this item for fair use purposes, please see Utah State University's Reproduction Order Form at: <a href="https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php">https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2013 Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner, at 800 dpi. Archival file is PDF (800 dpi), display file is JPEG2000. Checksum 1884105563 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 138787088 Bytes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Canyon Courier, April 1980 Description An account of the resource A newspaper entitled Canyon Courier based in Hungry Horse, Montana with articles that discuss the safety and economy of proposed changes to United States Highway 2, making it a four-lane highway instead of two. Also a legal update on the Canyon Coalition suit stating the inadequacy of the Environmental Impact Statement. Blasting in the BOB relates to an area in Montana dedicated to Bob Marshall who was an advocate for Montanan wilderness where companies are requesting to use seismic exploration for gas and oil. Road Crisis discusses the rising gas prices and the shift toward rehabilitating existing roads instead of building new roads. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Skrotzki, Mark A.A. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Arcel, Jeff (cartoonist) Subject The topic of the resource Roads--Design and construction Traffic engineering United States Highway 2 Montana Wilderness Association Blasting in the Bob Wilderness preservation Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Newspaper Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Canyon Courier Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980-04 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Hungry Horse (Montana) Flathead County (Montana) Montana United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980-1989 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives Sierra Club, Utah Chapter Archives, 1972-1986, COLL MSS 148 Series VIII Box 27 Folder 9 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. View the inventory for this collection at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Libraries Photograph Curator, phone (435) 797-0890. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Highway 89 Digital Collections Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS148VIIIB27_Fd9_Page_7.pdf Highway 89; https://highway89.org/files/original/5507ad12d5345a06560309396f2104ac.jpg f9a87dafd2ee406befb536025bdc4543 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Where else is this found? Give the URL for the item, if it is in another respository (like CONTENTdm) <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/128">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/128</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner, 8-bit RGB, at 600 dpi. Archival file is uncompressed TIFF (600 dpi) display file is JPEG2000 Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2011-11-02 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cattle grazing in Franklin Basin up Logan Canyon, Utah, 1930's Description An account of the resource Cattle grazing in Franklin Basin, 1930's. Black and white photograph (4 x 5 in) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Smith, Arthur D. (Arthur Dwight), 1907- Subject The topic of the resource Cattle--Utah--Franklin Basin--Photographs Franklin Basin (Utah)--Photographs Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Black and white photographs Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Franklin Basin (Utah) Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1930-1939 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Arthur D. Smith range management photograph collection, 1917-1955, P0021 1:15:20 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. Inventory for the Arthur D. Smith range management photograph collection can be found at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv28894">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv28894</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Libraries Photograph Curator, phone (435) 797-0890 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Arthur D. Smith range management photograph collection, 1917-1955, P0021 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P0002111520 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1930s Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. Logan Canyon Reflections https://highway89.org/files/original/f41d0e63c5d2e28032518fe7de7fc293.jpg 5ccf8b5e66001a2c6a0a700cd559adf2 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Where else is this found? Give the URL for the item, if it is in another respository (like CONTENTdm) <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/158">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/158</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner, 8-bit RGB, at 600 dpi. Archival file is uncompressed TIFF (600 dpi) display file is JPEG2000 Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2011-11-02 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Card Canyon study area in Logan Canyon, Utah, 1950 (2 of 2) Description An account of the resource Views in the Card Canyon study area, 1950. Black and white photograph (4 x 5 in) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Smith, Arthur D. (Arthur Dwight), 1907- Subject The topic of the resource Card Canyon (Utah)--Photographs Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Black and white photographs Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Card Canyon (Utah) Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1950-1959 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Arthur D. Smith range management photograph collection, 1917-1955, P0021 1:08:31 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. Inventory for the Arthur D. Smith range management photograph collection can be found at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv28894">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv28894</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Libraries Photograph Curator, phone (435) 797-0890 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Arthur D. Smith range management photograph collection, 1917-1955, P0021 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P0002110831 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1950 Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 1905-05-03 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. Logan Canyon Reflections https://highway89.org/files/original/7eb69900ba300cd44213aced147f3a42.jpg 3c54e7135ddd804cf12176afc5ad0b2a Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Where else is this found? Give the URL for the item, if it is in another respository (like CONTENTdm) <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/172">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/172</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner, 8-bit RGB, at 600 dpi. Archival file is uncompressed TIFF (600 dpi) display file is JPEG2000 Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2011-11-02 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Card Canyon study area in Logan Canyon, Utah, 1950 (1 of 2) Description An account of the resource Views in the Card Canyon study area, 1950. Black and white photograph (4 x 5 in) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Smith, Arthur D. (Arthur Dwight), 1907- Subject The topic of the resource Card Canyon (Utah)--Photographs Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Black and white photographs Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Card Canyon (Utah) Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1950-1959 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Arthur D. Smith range management photograph collection, 1917-1955, P0021 1:08:32 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. Inventory for the Arthur D. Smith range management photograph collection can be found at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv28894">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv28894</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Libraries Photograph Curator, phone (435) 797-0890 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Arthur D. Smith range management photograph collection, 1917-1955, P0021 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P0002110832 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1950 Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 1905-05-03 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. Logan Canyon Reflections https://highway89.org/files/original/17fa50c22b9bf5e09aecb772d24749e4.jpg ea652b28fbe01811968b1f46b709474e Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Where else is this found? Give the URL for the item, if it is in another respository (like CONTENTdm) <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/217">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/217</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner, 8-bit RGB, at 600 dpi. Archival file is uncompressed TIFF (600 dpi) display file is JPEG2000 Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2011-11-02 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sheep grazing in Franklin Basin up Logan Canyon, Utah, 1939 (2 of 2) Description An account of the resource Sheep grazing in Franklin Basin, Logan Canyon, 1939. Black and white photograph (4 x 5 in). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Smith, Arthur D. (Arthur Dwight), 1907- Subject The topic of the resource Sheep--Utah--Franklin Basin--Photographs Franklin Basin (Utah)--Photographs Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Black and white photographs Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Franklin Basin (Utah) Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1930-1939 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Arthur D. Smith range management photograph collection, 1917-1955, P0021 1:19:01 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. Inventory for the Arthur D. Smith range management photograph collection can be found at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv28894">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv28894</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Libraries Photograph Curator, phone (435) 797-0890 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Arthur D. Smith range management photograph collection, 1917-1955, P0021 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P0002111901 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1939 Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 1905-04-22 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. Logan Canyon Reflections https://highway89.org/files/original/d15c75e93a3bf8132b9ea28df26494e6.jpg 7a5127a7225bb08f04897c309dd3ed3d Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Where else is this found? Give the URL for the item, if it is in another respository (like CONTENTdm) <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/254">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/254</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner, 8-bit RGB, at 600 dpi. Archival file is uncompressed TIFF (600 dpi) display file is JPEG2000 Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2011-11-02 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sheep grazing in Franklin Basin up Logan Canyon, Utah, 1939 (1 of 2) Description An account of the resource Sheep grazing in Franklin Basin, Logan Canyon, 1939. Black and white photograph (4 x 5 in) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Smith, Arthur D. (Arthur Dwight), 1907- Subject The topic of the resource Sheep--Utah--Franklin Basin--Photographs Franklin Basin (Utah)--Photographs Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Black and white photographs Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Franklin Basin (Utah) Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1930-1939 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Arthur D. Smith range management photograph collection, 1917-1955, P0021 1:19:06 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. Inventory for the Arthur D. Smith range management photograph collection can be found at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv28894">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv28894</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Libraries Photograph Curator, phone (435) 797-0890 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Arthur D. Smith range management photograph collection, 1917-1955, P0021 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P0002111906 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1939 Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 1905-04-22 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. Logan Canyon Reflections https://highway89.org/files/original/188dfca8562862cdec66147eab0355a7.jpg 251fa50a3db6a9b937c01b1ac363aa3e Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Where else is this found? Give the URL for the item, if it is in another respository (like CONTENTdm) <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/164">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/164</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner, 8-bit RGB, at 600 dpi. Archival file is uncompressed TIFF (600 dpi) display file is JPEG2000 Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2011-11-02 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hiking in the Bear River Range, Utah (1 of 2) Description An account of the resource Hiking in the Bear River Range, scenic view, Judy and John Weaver (color 35mm slide) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Smith, Gary M., 1943- Subject The topic of the resource Bear River Range (Utah)--Photographs Hiking--Utah--Bear River Range--Photographs Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Color slides Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Bear River Range (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Rich County (Utah) Bear Lake County (Idaho) Utah Idaho United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Gary Smith photograph collection, 1960-1988, P0106 2:01:98 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. Inventory for the Gary Smith photograph collection can be found at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv43756">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv43756</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Libraries Photograph Curator, phone (435) 797-0890 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Gary Smith photograph collection, 1960-1988, P0106 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P010620198 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1972-1973 Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 1972 1973 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. Logan Canyon Reflections https://highway89.org/files/original/cfb980bf9d016ed8d93b29252d7f29a0.jpg 3da8b84de11d072aed23a00b89d08a53 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Where else is this found? Give the URL for the item, if it is in another respository (like CONTENTdm) <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/232">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/232</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner, 8-bit RGB, at 600 dpi. Archival file is uncompressed TIFF (600 dpi) display file is JPEG2000 Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2011-11-02 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hiking in the Bear River Range, Utah (2 of 2) Description An account of the resource Hiking in the Bear River Range, Mount Elmer looking north (color 35mm slide) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Smith, Gary M., 1943- Subject The topic of the resource Bear River Range (Utah)--Photographs Hiking--Utah--Bear River Range--Photographs Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Color slides Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Bear River Range (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Rich County (Utah) Bear Lake County (Idaho) Utah Idaho United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Gary Smith photograph collection, 1960-1988, P0106 2:01:83 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. Inventory for the Gary Smith photograph collection can be found at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv43756">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv43756</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Libraries Photograph Curator, phone (435) 797-0890 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Gary Smith photograph collection, 1960-1988, P0106 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P010620183 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1972-1973 Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 1972 1973 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. Logan Canyon Reflections https://highway89.org/files/original/bd9774ff68794608ba24eed30e774bcf.jpg fd39adb2160635726209a6a68c5da8ed Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Where else is this found? Give the URL for the item, if it is in another respository (like CONTENTdm) <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/125">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/125</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner, 8-bit RGB, at 600 dpi. Archival file is uncompressed TIFF (600 dpi) display file is JPEG2000 Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2011-11-02 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Two unidentified men standing in branches of Old Jardine Juniper tree, Logan Canyon, ca. 1925 Description An account of the resource Two unidentified men standing in branches of Old Jardine Juniper tree, Logan Canyon. Discovered in 1923 by Maurice Lindford. Tree named (ca. 1925) for Utah State University Alumni and then Secretary of Agriculture William M. Jardine. Black and white photograph (9 x 14 in) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Somers, Ray, 1917- Subject The topic of the resource Jardine Juniper (Logan Canyon, Utah)--Photographs Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Black and white photographs Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Jardine Juniper (Utah) Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1920-1929 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Raymond C. Somers Photograph Collection, 1865-1993, P0324 05:03 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. Inventory for the Raymond C. Somers photograph collection can be found at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv34503">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv34503</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Libraries Photograph Curator, phone (435) 797-0890 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Raymond C. Somers Photograph Collection, 1865-1993, P0324 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P032450103 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. ca. 1925 Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. Logan Canyon Reflections https://highway89.org/files/original/0b0c01dfa33688a2d533d028cfbad33e.jpg ad41e90a61a9abd5bd06b15def7a5265 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Where else is this found? Give the URL for the item, if it is in another respository (like CONTENTdm) <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/138">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/138</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner, 8-bit RGB, at 600 dpi. Archival file is uncompressed TIFF (600 dpi) display file is JPEG2000 Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2011-11-02 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource View of the Logan River up Logan Canyon, Utah Description An account of the resource Logan River and riverbank up Logan Canyon. Black and white photograph (10 x 13 in) mounted on board Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Somers, Ray, 1917- Subject The topic of the resource Logan River (Utah)--Photographs Logan Canyon (Utah)--Photographs Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Black and white photographs Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan River (Utah) Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1860-1869 1870-1879 1880-1889 1890-1899 19th century 1900-1909 1910-1919 1920-1929 1930-1939 1940-1949 1950-1959 1960-1969 1970-1979 1980-1989 1990-1999 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Raymond C. Somers photograph collection, 1865-1993, P0324 05:01:17 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. Inventory for the Raymond C. Somers photograph collection can be found at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv34503">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv34503</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Libraries Photograph Curator, phone (435) 797-0890 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Raymond C. Somers photograph collection, 1865-1993, P0324 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P032450117 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1865-1993 Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. Logan Canyon Reflections https://highway89.org/files/original/40b81866507d730819ed1b1f5f03b358.jpg babbcbc1d3180f5be3fe09941359115a Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Where else is this found? Give the URL for the item, if it is in another respository (like CONTENTdm) <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/139">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/139</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner, 8-bit RGB, at 600 dpi. Archival file is uncompressed TIFF (600 dpi) display file is JPEG2000 Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2011-11-02 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tony Grove Lake, Logan Canyon, Utah, between 1865 and 1993, 1 of 2 Description An account of the resource Tony Grover Lake, Logan Canyon, Utah. Black and white photograph (10 x 14 in) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Somers, Ray, 1917- Subject The topic of the resource Tony Grove Lake (Utah)--Photographs Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Black and white photographs Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Tony Grove Lake (Utah) Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1860-1869 1870-1879 1880-1889 1890-1899 19th century 1900-1909 1910-1919 1920-1929 1930-1939 1940-1949 1950-1959 1960-1969 1970-1979 1980-1989 1990-1999 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Raymond C. Somers Photograph Collection, 1865-1993, P0324 05:28 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. Inventory for the Raymond C. Somers photograph collection can be found at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv34503">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv34503</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Libraries Photograph Curator, phone (435) 797-0890 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Raymond C. Somers Photograph Collection, 1865-1993, P0324 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P032450128 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. between 1865 and 1993 Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. Logan Canyon Reflections https://highway89.org/files/original/58ffdec57b18ecb1141a2e017c166792.jpg 6156f1641d953e041d374f2482fc4652 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Where else is this found? Give the URL for the item, if it is in another respository (like CONTENTdm) <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/141">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/141</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner, 8-bit RGB, at 600 dpi. Archival file is uncompressed TIFF (600 dpi) display file is JPEG2000 Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2011-11-02 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hercules Power Plant in Logan Canyon, Utah, between 1890 and 1910 (2 of 2) Description An account of the resource Enlargement of a photo showing the Herculesa power plant in Logan canyon, between 1890 and 1910. Black and white photograph (10 x 14 in) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Somers, Ray, 1917- Subject The topic of the resource Hercules Power Plant (Logan Canyon, Utah)--Photographs Hydroelectric power plants--Utah--Logan Canyon--Photographs Logan River (Utah)--Photographs Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Black and white photographs Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1890-1899 19th century 1900-1909 1910-1919 1920-1929 1930-1939 1940-1949 1950-1959 1960-1969 1970-1979 1980-1989 1990-1999 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Raymond C. Somers photograph collection, 1865-1993, P0324 05:46 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. Inventory for the Raymond C. Somers photograph collection can be found at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv34503">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv34503</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Libraries Photograph Curator, phone (435) 797-0890 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Raymond C. Somers photograph collection, 1865-1993, P0324 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P03240546 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. between 1890 and 1910 Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. Logan Canyon Reflections https://highway89.org/files/original/6949bb4f7c9ed3f97c4f5b64a6788247.jpg efab43376ff3741acc73ded12975b3f9 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Where else is this found? Give the URL for the item, if it is in another respository (like CONTENTdm) <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/147">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/147</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner, 8-bit RGB, at 600 dpi. Archival file is uncompressed TIFF (600 dpi) display file is JPEG2000 Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2011-11-02 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Camping. Tent, car, wagon, two men , next to Logan River in Logan Canyon, Utah Description An account of the resource Camping. Tent, car, wagon, two men, next to Logan River. Black and white negative (4 x 5 in) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Somers, Ray, 1917- Subject The topic of the resource Camping--Utah--Logan Canyon--Photographs Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Black and white photographs Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1920-1929 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Raymond C. Somers photograph collection, 1865-1993, P0324 06:25 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. Inventory for the Raymond C. Somers photograph collection can be found at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv34503">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv34503</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Libraries Photograph Curator, phone (435) 797-0890 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Raymond C. Somers photograph collection, 1865-1993, P0324 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P03240625 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1920s Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. Logan Canyon Reflections https://highway89.org/files/original/3de6672309382a89560e88098d318782.jpg 0dae9ece39f3eb2a9533b32d447b78f4 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Where else is this found? Give the URL for the item, if it is in another respository (like CONTENTdm) <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/156">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/156</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner, 8-bit RGB, at 600 dpi. Archival file is uncompressed TIFF (600 dpi) display file is JPEG2000 Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2011-11-02 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Large rock formation along river in Logan Canyon, Utah Description An account of the resource Logan Canyon, Utah. Large rock formation along river in Logan Canyon. Black and white photograph (12 x 17 in) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Somers, Ray, 1917- Subject The topic of the resource Logan River (Utah)--Photographs Rocks--Utah--Logan Canyon--Photographs Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Black and white photographs Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1890-1899 19th century 1900-1909 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Raymond C. Somers photograph collection, 1865-1993, P0324 05:01:19 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. Inventory for the Raymond C. Somers photograph collection can be found at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv34503">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv34503</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Libraries Photograph Curator, phone (435) 797-0890 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Raymond C. Somers photograph collection, 1865-1993, P0324 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P032450119 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. between 1890 and 1940 Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. Logan Canyon Reflections https://highway89.org/files/original/76d6790bea95e3701b626d080c2ea513.jpg b9f6ace8d4f00f8975cb87d3fde2d460 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Where else is this found? Give the URL for the item, if it is in another respository (like CONTENTdm) <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/157">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/157</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner, 8-bit RGB, at 600 dpi. Archival file is uncompressed TIFF (600 dpi) display file is JPEG2000 Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2011-11-02 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Camping. Man next to tent under a "hanging rock" in Logan Canyon, Utah (2 of 2) Description An account of the resource Camping. Man next to tent under "hanging rock" in Logan Canyon. Black and white negative (4 x 5 in) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Somers, Ray, 1917- Subject The topic of the resource Camping--Utah--Logan Canyon--Photographs Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Black and white photographs Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1900-1909 1910-1919 1920-1929 1930-1939 1940-1949 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Raymond C. Somers photograph collection, 1865-1993, P0324 06:34 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. Inventory for the Raymond C. Somers photograph collection can be found at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv34503">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv34503</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Libraries Photograph Curator, phone (435) 797-0890 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Raymond C. Somers photograph collection, 1865-1993, P0324 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P03240634 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1900-1945 Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. Logan Canyon Reflections https://highway89.org/files/original/2b230a16cfd1f63351d25bfbcee05e91.jpg 5c9d22d6d0a7ff0cbb2067d4173557ee Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Where else is this found? Give the URL for the item, if it is in another respository (like CONTENTdm) <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/165">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/165</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner, 8-bit RGB, at 600 dpi. Archival file is uncompressed TIFF (600 dpi) display file is JPEG2000 Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2011-11-02 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Camping. Man next to tent under a "hanging rock" in Logan Canyon, Utah (1 of 2) Description An account of the resource Camping. Man next to tent under "hanging rock" in Logan Canyon, Utah. Black and white negative (4 x 5 in) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Somers, Ray, 1917- Subject The topic of the resource Camping--Utah--Logan Canyon--Photographs Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Black and white photographs Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1900-1909 1910-1919 1920-1929 1930-1939 1940-1949 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Raymond C. Somers photograph collection, 1865-1993, P0324 06:33 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. Inventory for the Raymond C. Somers photograph collection can be found at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv34503">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv34503</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Libraries Photograph Curator, phone (435) 797-0890 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Raymond C. Somers photograph collection, 1865-1993, P0324 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P03240633 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1900-1945 Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. Logan Canyon Reflections https://highway89.org/files/original/68069ba9c618ab5abf94839466f9126f.jpg ca7160fc82ef4bda87348f76cbc853c5 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Where else is this found? Give the URL for the item, if it is in another respository (like CONTENTdm) <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/212">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/212</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner, 8-bit RGB, at 600 dpi. Archival file is uncompressed TIFF (600 dpi) display file is JPEG2000 Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2011-11-02 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tony Grove Lake, Logan Canyon, Utah, between 1865 and 1993, 2 of 2 Description An account of the resource Tony Grove Lake, Logan Canyon, Utah. Black and white photograph (10 x 14 in) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Somers, Ray, 1917- Subject The topic of the resource Tony Grove Lake (Utah)--Photographs Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Black and white photographs Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Tony Grove Lake (Utah) Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1860-1869 1870-1879 1880-1889 1890-1899 19th century 1900-1909 1910-1919 1920-1929 1930-1939 1940-1949 1950-1959 1960-1969 1970-1979 1980-1989 1990-1999 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Raymond C. Somers Photograph Collection, 1865-1993, P0324 05:27 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. Inventory for the Raymond C. Somers photograph collection can be found at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv34503">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv34503</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Libraries Photograph Curator, phone (435) 797-0890 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Raymond C. Somers Photograph Collection, 1865-1993, P0324 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P032450127 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. between 1865 and 1993 Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. Logan Canyon Reflections https://highway89.org/files/original/cee066de727d9da3161dee30750d3da6.jpg af3d54dda23c804ca48304441d3c45c6 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Where else is this found? Give the URL for the item, if it is in another respository (like CONTENTdm) <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/225">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/225</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner, 8-bit RGB, at 600 dpi. Archival file is uncompressed TIFF (600 dpi) display file is JPEG2000 Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2011-11-02 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Camping in Logan Canyon, Utah. Men gathered around a fire while two are standing next to a car Description An account of the resource Camping. Men gathered around a fire while two are standing next to a car probably in Logan Canyon. Black and white negative (4 x 5 in) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Somers, Ray, 1917- Subject The topic of the resource Camping--Utah--Logan Canyon--Photographs Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Black and white photographs Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1920-1929 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Raymond C. Somers photograph collection, 1865-1993, P0324 05:38 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. Inventory for the Raymond C. Somers photograph collection can be found at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv34503">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv34503</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Libraries Photograph Curator, phone (435) 797-0890 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Raymond C. Somers photograph collection, 1865-1993, P0324 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P3240538 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1920s Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. Logan Canyon Reflections https://highway89.org/files/original/1d07a2755b0b9c73f2c658e71f2e5b0b.jpg 2f11485e2e46d509298312d686592362 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Where else is this found? Give the URL for the item, if it is in another respository (like CONTENTdm) <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/246">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/246</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner, 8-bit RGB, at 600 dpi. Archival file is uncompressed TIFF (600 dpi) display file is JPEG2000 Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2011-11-02 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Logan Canyon road with rock formation on the side of the road (1 of 2) Description An account of the resource Logan Canyon, Utah. Canyon road with rock formation on the side of the road. Black and white photograph (10 x 13 in) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Somers, Ray, 1917- Subject The topic of the resource Dirt roads--Utah--Logan Canyon--Photographs Logan Canyon (Utah)--Photographs Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Black and white photographs Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1890-1899 19th century 1900-1909 1910-1919 1920-1929 1930-1939 1940-1949 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Raymond C. Somers photograph collection, 1865-1993, P0324 05:01:16 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. Inventory for the Raymond C. Somers photograph collection can be found at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv34503">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv34503</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Libraries Photograph Curator, phone (435) 797-0890 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Raymond C. Somers photograph collection, 1865-1993, P0324 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P03240516 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. between 1890 and 1940 Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. Logan Canyon Reflections https://highway89.org/files/original/48b1ecaec6dc2a2fa0c71d1bf59a8ca4.jpg c266ee481cc6ef55f95f833b660b8cdc Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Where else is this found? Give the URL for the item, if it is in another respository (like CONTENTdm) <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/250">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/250</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner, 8-bit RGB, at 600 dpi. Archival file is uncompressed TIFF (600 dpi) display file is JPEG2000 Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2011-11-02 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Logan River with bridge and unidentified man standing on the riverbank behind the bridge, Logan Canyon, Utah Description An account of the resource Logan Canyon, Utah. Canyon river and bridge. Man standing on riverbank behind bridge. Black and white photograph (8 x 10 in) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Somers, Ray, 1917- Subject The topic of the resource Logan River (Utah)--Photographs Logan Canyon (Utah)--Photographs Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Black and white photographs Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan River (Utah) Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1860-1869 1870-1879 1880-1889 1890-1899 19th century 1900-1909 1910-1919 1920-1929 1930-1939 1940-1949 1950-1959 1960-1969 1970-1979 1980-1989 1990-1999 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Raymond C. Somers photograph collection, 1865-1993, P0324 05:01:07 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. Inventory for the Raymond C. Somers photograph collection can be found at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv34503">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv34503</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Libraries Photograph Curator, phone (435) 797-0890 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Raymond C. Somers photograph collection, 1865-1993, P0324 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P032450107 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1865-1993 Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. Logan Canyon Reflections https://highway89.org/files/original/5cf178c51879e4dbdc6d6ac9a3c1d882.jpg 099ca55a3fc3376133a725e20dc77d03 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Where else is this found? Give the URL for the item, if it is in another respository (like CONTENTdm) <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/257">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/257</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner, 8-bit RGB, at 600 dpi. Archival file is uncompressed TIFF (600 dpi) display file is JPEG2000 Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2011-11-02 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hercules Power Plant in Logan Canyon, Utah, between 1890 and 1910 (1 of 2) Description An account of the resource Original power plant in Logan Canyon. Black and white negative (4 x 5 in) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Somers, Ray, 1917- Subject The topic of the resource Hercules Power Plant (Logan Canyon, Utah)--Photographs Hydroelectric power plants--Utah--Logan Canyon--Photographs Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Black and white photographs Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1890-1899 19th century 1900-1909 1910-1919 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Raymond C. Somers photograph collection, 1865-1993, P0324 09:21 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. Inventory for the Raymond C. Somers photograph collection can be found at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv34503">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv34503</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Libraries Photograph Curator, phone (435) 797-0890 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Raymond C. Somers photograph collection, 1865-1993, P0324 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P0324921 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. between 1890 and 1910 Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. Logan Canyon Reflections https://highway89.org/files/original/4487ff3096af2659b596ba6b042d3ed8.jpg 857b58901f2aa8d4ab127b122886e931 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Where else is this found? Give the URL for the item, if it is in another respository (like CONTENTdm) <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/265">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/265</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner, 8-bit RGB, at 600 dpi. Archival file is uncompressed TIFF (600 dpi) display file is JPEG2000 Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2011-11-02 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Logan Canyon road with rock formation on the side of the road (2 of 2) Description An account of the resource Logan Canyon, Utah. Canyon road with rock formation on the side of the road. Black and white photograph (8 x 10 in) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Somers, Ray, 1917- Subject The topic of the resource Dirt roads--Utah--Logan Canyon--Photographs Logan Canyon (Utah)--Photographs Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Black and white photographs Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1890-1899 19th century 1900-1909 1910-1919 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Raymond C. Somers photograph collection, 1865-1993, P0324 05:01:15 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. Inventory for the Raymond C. Somers photograph collection can be found at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv34503">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv34503</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Libraries Photograph Curator, phone (435) 797-0890 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Raymond C. Somers photograph collection, 1865-1993, P0324 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P032450115 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. between 1890 and 1940 Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. Logan Canyon Reflections https://highway89.org/files/original/0c0b2d2c8bc833c97a5eebf18654ab54.pdf 83d7f6aa1a42fcc9ed7800e9ff7cd6f6 PDF Text Text February 10, 1989 Dale Bosworth Supervisor, Wasatch-Cache National Forest 125 South State St. Salt Lake City, Utah, 84111 Dear Dale: I regret I was unable to attend the meeting concerning the Logan Canyon Highway Project on February 3. Unfortunately, it was necessary for me to be out of Logan. I have read the latest (Jan. 20th) version of the Agency Alternative for the project, and I am greatly concerned. I do not wish to anal ize it in detail here, but only to give you some general comments: 1. This is basically the high speed alternative in the preliminary DEIS. We appear to be just about where we were over two years (and endless amounts of time and energy) ago. 2. The middle section of the Canyon has been reduced to only 4 milesfrom Right Fork to lower Twin Bridge; we regard the middle section as the entire distance from Right Fork to Ricks Springs. This redesignation, with the attendent upgrading of the road to a 35 mph design (probably 50 mph signing) from Twin Bridge to Ricks Springs is unacceptable, since the consequent environmental damage will be severe. 3. The high speed design of the upper section will result in unacceptable environmental impacts, particularly in the Beaver Creek and Summit sections. 4. There are several safety concerns ~/ith respect to the placement of passing lanes, especially in the Dugway and near the Limber Pine turnout. 5. The implementation of this alternative requires 45 (!) ammendments to the Forest Plan, surely a new worlds record for any forest plan involving a single project. The cumulative effect of this large number of ammendments is such that a major change in The Plan will be required - a revision, with everything that implies. Attempts to get by with an ammendment will certainly be appealed. 6. The Agency Alternative has little detail, making analysis of its impacts by citizens not throughly acquainted with both the area and the previous history almost impossible. I f it appears as such in the EIS, the EIS will be challenged as not meeting NEPA criteria. 7. The cover letter sent with the alternative, bearing the signatures of the three agency engineers, attempts to disclaim the alternative as a IIpreferred alternative. This is, to say the least, disingeneous. Any alternative that is endorsed by a Forest Service repll �presentative is clearly destined to become the "preferred alternative." I wish to repeat something live said in previous meetings with you: we accepted the Forest Plan on the assumption it was to be taken seriously by you. It states, e.g., that liThe road will not be raised to a higher standard than existing." (Chapter 6, p. 236). Other places in the plan are clear about maintining the scenic quality of the highway (VQO classification, e.g.). You have recently designated the highway as a "Scen ic Byway". If the Plan had proposed the kinds of changes found in the Agency Alternative, it certainly would have been appealed. To abandon the Plan now, under pressure from UDOT and FHWA, is to break faith with the environmental community and reduce Forest Service credibility to a new low. Stw.:erely, . / /' .' ,--. /" ., '~ __;.~;,c,/7 / . · 6'---7,vz(? 1.;7 ~CJ;" <- !' ~~. Jack T. Spence Dept. of Chemistry Utah State University Logan, Ut 84322 cc: Dave Baumgartner Tom Lyon Dick Carter UWA Steve Flint Bruce Pendery Bridgerland Audubon Rudy Lukez Utah Chapter, Sierra Club - - � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/70">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/70</a> Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies, scans, or prints of this item for fair use purposes, please see Utah State University's Reproduction Order Form at: <a href="https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php">https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2013 Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner, at 800 dpi. Archival file is PDF (800 dpi), display file is JPEG2000. Checksum 1842063740 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 1095044 Bytes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Correspondence from Jack Spence to Dale Bosworth, February 10, 1989 Description An account of the resource Correspondence from Jack Spence to Dale Bosworth stating that the Forest Plan needs to be taken seriously in consideration of the modifications proposed about Logan Canyon. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Spence, Jack T. Subject The topic of the resource Logan Canyon (Utah) Public lands--Utah--Logan Canyon Roads--Design and construction Traffic engineering Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Correspondence Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1989-02-10 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Utah United States Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980-1989 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Sierra Club, Utah Chapter Archives, 1972-1986, COLL MSS 148 Series VIII Box 27 Folder 9 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. View the inventory for this collection at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Libraries Photograph Curator, phone (435) 797-0890. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Highway 89 Digital Collections Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS148VIIIB27_Fd9_017.pdf Highway 89; https://highway89.org/files/original/c992bada42438c7eff9d9abd3abb7ed2.pdf 0b87d403f969fd782cfeae0da72cfacc PDF Text Text ��\ � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/76">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/76</a> Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies, scans, or prints of this item for fair use purposes, please see Utah State University's Reproduction Order Form at: <a href="https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php">https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2013 Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner, at 800 dpi. Archival file is PDF (800 dpi), display file is JPEG2000. Checksum 884195660 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 711994 Bytes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Correspondence from Jack Spence to Rudy Lukez Description An account of the resource Letter to Rudy Lukez from Jack Spence. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Spence, Jack T. Subject The topic of the resource Logan (Utah) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Correspondence Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 1980-1989 1990-1999 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Sierra Club, Utah Chapter Archives, 1972-1986, COLL MSS 148 Series VIII Box 27 Folder 9 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. View the inventory for this collection at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Libraries Photograph Curator, phone (435) 797-0890. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Highway 89 Digital Collections Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS148VIIIB27_Fd9_Page_10.pdf Highway 89; https://highway89.org/files/original/4f1d1dd3dcf1ddc577e65aa0c5baf76a.pdf 9d4d4ce7047561ed59ca1009393b1a95 PDF Text Text VISUAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL MEMO 1. An important consideration with respect to the extent of various impacts is the relative amount of area affected. This is particu- larly critical for riparian areas (visual sensitivity rating 6 or 7). For example, in alternative Cl, the total riparian area affected is estimated at 9.5 acres. This calculates to be a strip approxi- mately 9 feet wide for the entire middle section of the canyon, and agrees closely with the amount of riparian area affected by addition of a strip 8.5 feet wide to the ' highway (modified standard). Since the middle section is very . narrow, all land between the road and the river is riparian (U.S.F.S. standard is anything less than 100 feet). How much of the total riparian zone would be affected in this alternative? 50%? 75%? For alternative 0, 40 mph, it must approach 100%, since this calculates to be a strip 13.5 feet wide for the entire section. In order to evaluate the impact, an esti- mate of the amount (%) of total riparian zone destroyed in each alternative needs to be given. 2. The maps showing the area to be affected are somewhat misleading, since they indicate, e.g., riparian zone only exists where the R/7(6) symbol occurs. In fact, in the middle canyon, the entire area between the road and the river is riparian zone, and any widening of the road will affect it for the entire length of the section. This should be clarified for Cl, 01 alternatives. 3. No accounts is taken of the impact on visual resources for those using the canyon but not driving. Campers, fisherman, hikers, etc, not on the road may have their visual resources adversely affected �by the various alternatives, but in a different manner than drivers. How is this to be ev a l uated? 4. Page 6. Evaluation Criteria. It is stated: "Roadsides with a 3-5 rating can absorb alternations, but will require major mitigation (retaining walls, bridges, etc)." It is hard to understand how a retaining wall or a bridge can mitigate the loss of naturalness. 5. The memo indicates all alterations in areas with a 6 or 7 sen- sitivity index (which includes all riparian zones) cannot meet the ~ VQO or Retention, which is required by the Forest Plan. /\ These amount to a considerable amount of the total area affected, particularly in the middle canyon (35% for Cl; 34%. for 01, 35 mph; 35% for 01, 40 mph), as well as parts of the upper canyon (Franklin Basin road to Beaver Mountain Road, Summit). however, as to how this C impas~ No indication is given, is to be solved. Clearly, this will require a revision of the Forest Plan for these alternatives, since such a large part of the total area will be affected. The implica- tions of this must be spelled out in the OEIS. This is a critical omission. 6. The spot Improvp-ment Alternative (B) appears to include all alternatives in the form originally proposed. spot ~ There is no such alter- natives, since the number and extent of each improvement must be agreed upon. It must be made clear this alternative includes all spot improve- ments at the maximum level for each, and the final alternative will be for fewer and smaller improvements. As it now stands, there is little to differentiate Bl from Cl in the sections affected: the only difference is in the width of the road between improvements. ~. � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/97">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/97</a> Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies, scans, or prints of this item for fair use purposes, please see Utah State University's Reproduction Order Form at: <a href="https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php">https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2013 Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner. Checksum 4045140413 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 1216380 Bytes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Visual resources technical memo Description An account of the resource Evaluation of visual resources in Logan Canyon and the different impacts for drivers and fishermen, campers, hikers, etc. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Spence, Jack T. Subject The topic of the resource Logan Canyon (Utah) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Administrative records Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 1980-1989 1990-1999 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Sierra Club, Utah Chapter Archives, 1972-1986, COLL MSS 148 Series VIII Box 29 Folder 6 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. View the inventory for this collection at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Special Collections and Archives, phone (435) 797-2663. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Highway 89 Digital Collections Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS148VIIIB29_Fd6_Item 3.pdf Highway 89; https://highway89.org/files/original/3a5cb59e56a1e78a14029288825b5b61.pdf 4e9fb6f20a5fd371be6b2f92b0b70d98 PDF Text Text January 11, 1988 Mr. James Naegle Utah Department of Transportation 4501 So. 2700 West Salt Lake City, Utah 84119 Dear Jim: Thank you for your recent letter concerning my efforts in the Logan Canyon DEIS study. While I appreciate your comments, I find them inconsistent with your actions. After spending the better part of two years attending meetings, reading documents, checking calculations, etc., I consider it an insult not to be provided with a copy of the preliminary DEIS. It cost us (Sierra Club, Audubon Society, Utah Wilderness Association) $20.00 to duplicate the Forest Service copy, which I understand was made available to us only reluctantly and at the insistence of the Forest Service. So much for the good faith of UDOT. I also wish to make some comments on the role of the 10 team in this study. It was agreed early on that all technical memos would be approved by the team. This has not been done. It was my understanding the DEIS would be approved by the team. This is clearly not to be done. Finally, it was also my understanding the 10 team would make recommendations concerning a preferred alternative. Again, this is clearly not to be done. I regard this as a breach of faith by both UDOT and CH2M Hill. The preliminary DEIS has several major problems: I.The Spot Improvement Alternative must be considered as encompassing all 35 spot improvements. It is a violation of NEPA requirements to present a shopping list, with UDOT selecting some number of improvements from the list at a later date. 2.In view of this, there is no environmentally acceptable alternative in the preliminary DElS except No Action. 3.NEPA requirements have not been met with respect to a range of alternatives. The Spot Improvement alternative with all 35 projects at the level described is essentially the same as Alternative C. Unless our alternative (now in the Appendix), or a reasonably similar alternative, is included as a legitimate alternative, we will oppose all alternatives except No Action, or request that the DEIS be rejected as not meeting NEPA requirements. Legal action with respect to this request may also be pursued. I regret the culmination of two years of effort has resulted in this situation. The environmental representatives on the 10. team have repeatedly tried to convince UDOT and CH2M Hill that �their concerns need serious attention. It is clear we have failed, and the present situation must be regarded as adversary. Sincerely, jad;~~1 cL cc:Dale Bosworth Dave Baumgartner Lynn Zollinger Stan Nuffer UWA Rudy Lukez, Sierra Club Steve Flirit, Audubon Society I Jack T. Spence \/ 361 Blvd. Logan, Ut 84321 � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/115">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/115</a> Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies, scans, or prints of this item for fair use purposes, please see Utah State University's Reproduction Order Form at: <a href="https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php">https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2013 Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner. Checksum 3548137190 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 985181 Bytes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Correspondence from Jack Spence to James Naegle, January 11, 1988 Description An account of the resource Correspondence from Jack Spence to James Naegle expressing his concerns about the role of the Interdisciplinary team, concerns about the Environmental Impact Statement, and concerns about his faith in UDOT and CH2M Hill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Spence, Jack T. Subject The topic of the resource Environmental policy Government agencies Logan Canyon (Utah) Logan Canyon Environmental Study Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Correspondence Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988-01-11 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Rich County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980-1989 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Utah Wilderness Association Records, 1980-2000, COLL MSS 200 Forest Service Series III Box 6 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. View the inventory for this collection at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv75259">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv75259</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Special Collections and Archives, phone (435) 797-2663. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Highway 89 Digital Collections Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS200_Forest Ser_Item_21.pdf Highway 89; https://highway89.org/files/original/cee3f8d274ffdcbdb0ab055786c20581.pdf c49801def68598979a19782e7748505b PDF Text Text February 10, 1989 Dale Bosworth Supervisor, Wasatch-Cache National Forest 125 South State St. Salt Lake City, Utah, 84111 Dear Dale: I regret I was unable to attend the meeting concerning the Logan Canyon Highway Project on February 3. Unfortunately, it was necessary for me to be out of Logan. I have read the latest (Jan. 20th) version of the Agency Alternative for the project, and I am greatiy concerned. I do not wish to analize it in detail here, but only to give you some general comments: 1. This is basically the high speed alternative in the preliminary DEIS. We appear to be just about where we were over two years (and endless amounts of time and energy) ago. 2. The middle section of the Canyon has been reduced to only 4 milesfrom Right Fork to lower Twin Bridge; we regard the middle section as the entire distance from Right Fork to Ricks Springs. This redesignation, with the attendent upgrading of the road to a 35 mph design (probably 50 mph signing) from Twin Bridge to Ricks Springs is unacceptable, since the consequent environmental damage will be severe. 3. The high speed design of the upper section will result in unacceptable environmental impacts, particularly in the Beaver Creek and Summit sections. 4. There are several safety concerns v/ith respect to the placement of passing lanes, especially in the Dugway and near the Limber Pine turnout. 5. The implementation of this alternative requires 45 (!) ammendments to the Forest Plan, surely a new worlds record for any forest plan involving a single project. The cumulative effect of this large number of ammendments is such that a major change in The Plan will be required - a revision, with everything that implies. Attempts to get by with an ammendment will certainly be appealed. 6. The Agency Alternative has little detail, making analysis of its impacts by citizens not throughly acquainted with both the area and the previous history almost impossible. I f it appears as such in the EIS, the EIS will be challenged as not meeting NEPA criteria. 7. The cover letter sent with the alternative, bearing the signatures of the three agency engineers, attempts to disclaim the alternative as a IIpreferred alternative. This is, to say the least, disingeneous. Any alternative that is endorsed by a Forest Service repll �presentative is clearly destined to become the "preferred alternative." I wish to repeat something live said in previous meetings with you: we accepted the Forest Plan on the assumption it was to be taken seriously by you. It states, e.g., that liThe road will not be raised to a higher standard than existing." (Chapter 6, p. 236). Other places in the plan are clear about maintining the scenic quality of the highway (VQO classification, e.g.). You have recently designated the highway as a "Scenic Byway". If the Plan had proposed the kinds of changes found in the Agency Alternative, it certainly would have been appealed. To abandon the Plan now, under pressure from UDOT and FHWA, is to break faith with the environmental community and reduce Forest Service credibility to a new low. Stm.:ere 1y, ,i J , cc: Dave Baumgartner Tom Lyon Dick Carter UWA Steve Flint Bruce Pendery Bridgerland Audubon Rudy Lukez Utah Chapter, Sierra Club / " c· ~- /-/7 t """'-7Z ,"" C . ~ /. rb--' ,-6~'./?. L~ - f. ~ / /'.J.:~ I ~/ . '7 -" Jack T. Spence Dept. of Chemistry Utah State University Logan, ut 84322 -c:-"'<: _ r: _. � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/132">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/132</a> Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies, scans, or prints of this item for fair use purposes, please see Utah State University's Reproduction Order Form at: <a href="https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php">https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2013 Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner. Checksum 528995643 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 7675796 Bytes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Correspondence from Jack Spence to R. James Naegle, February 1, 1991 Description An account of the resource Correspondence from Jack Spence to R. James Naegle identifying the problems with the Draft Environmental Impact Statement. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Spence, Jack T. Subject The topic of the resource Environmental policy Logan Canyon (Utah) Natural resources conservation areas Roads Improvement--Utah--Logan Canyon Logan Canyon Study Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Correspondence Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991-02-01 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1990-1999 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Utah Wilderness Association Records, 1980-2000, COLL MSS 200 Forest Service Item Series III Box 6 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. View the inventory for this collection at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv75259">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv75259</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Special Collections and Archives, phone (435) 797-2663. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Highway 89 Digital Collections Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS200_Forest Ser_Item_11.pdf Highway 89;