1 50 1396 https://highway89.org/files/original/b21e3df7834bb148c377ab30bdc0866c.jpg 619ed42f62e58a9ca952240eab3edafc Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by : Weber State University, Stewart Library Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 5 inches by 3 inches Scanning resolution Resolution in DPI 400 Conversion Specs Scanned by Weber State University, Stewart Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner, at 400 dpi. Archival file is uncompressed TIFF (400 dpi), display file is JPEG. Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2014-01-23 Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies, scans, or prints of this item for fair use purposes, please contact Weber State University at specialcollections@weber.edu Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Scene at Lagoon Description An account of the resource Colorized postcard of a scene at Lagoon depicting the water park Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Lagoon (Farmington, Utah) Subject The topic of the resource Lagoon (Farmington, Utah) ; recreation areas--Utah; Amusement Parks--Utah Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs; Black and white photographs; Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1920-1930 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Farmington (Utah); Davis County (Utah) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1920-1930; 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Weber State University, Stewart Library, Special Collections, P 89 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://library.weber.edu/asc/speccoll/registers/photograph/p89.cfm Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Weber State University, Stewart Library, Special Collections Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the WSU Special Collections Curator, phone (801) 626-6337. Type The nature or genre of the resource Image;StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context wsu_lagoon017.jpg Amusement Parks Highway 89 Lagoon https://highway89.org/files/original/520e20ee52d291f71c03fdc301da12a5.jpg 29abea4ff9b8986997b6753ec4a6c6ff Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Parry Lodge Description An account of the resource Parry Lodge in Kanab, Utah. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Adams, R.D., 1881-1956 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sherratt Library, Southern Utah University Subject The topic of the resource Kanab (Kane County, Utah)--Buildings, structures, etc. Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs; Black and white photographs Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Adams, R. D. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1939 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Kane County (Utah) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1939 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Sherratt Library, Southern Utah University Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the Sherrratt Library . Type The nature or genre of the resource Image;StillImage Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SUU_11b1i92 Highway 89 Lodges Public Accommodations https://highway89.org/files/original/e5caaa038c6a2fbb0ce22c45992d0458.jpg 24ec6211d7dc1b2d21cad73b673202be Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 2112 Image Width Image Width in pixels 4272 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Scanning resolution Resolution in DPI 240 Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example RGB Checksum E118DCE733523BCB5BD5FB88EB12AE92 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 32541092 Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2012-06-25 Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order a print or digital file of this item, please see Northern Arizona University. Cline Library's Reproduction Order Form at: <a>http://archive.library.nau.edu/cdm/ordering/#ordering</a> Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/10354">http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/103548</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Main Street, Sedona, AZ 5/29/2012 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Amundson, Michael A. Subject The topic of the resource Tourism; Roads--Arizona--Sedona; Scenic byways; Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Born digital Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Sedona (Ariz.); United States Highway 89 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 2010-2019; 21st century Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital surrogates are the property of the repository. Reproduction requires permission, please contact special.collections@nau.edu. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Dorothy T. and James J. Hanks Cline Library Endowment for Repeat Photography; Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context NAU_153584.jpg https://highway89.org/files/original/2102c32ac00bd8e22fcfc5d0d211426a.jpg 97945b72d1170325d72e123445628b08 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 3456 Image Width Image Width in pixels 5184 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Scanning resolution Resolution in DPI 72 Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example RGB Checksum E96FC38522630B2543511FD6C45623C2 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 26907796 Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2012-06-25 Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order a print or digital file of this item, please see Northern Arizona University. Cline Library's Reproduction Order Form at: <a>http://archive.library.nau.edu/cdm/ordering/#ordering</a> Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/10354">http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/103549</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Don Hoel Cabin Store, Sedona, AZ 5/21/2012 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Amundson, Michael A. Subject The topic of the resource Don Hoel Cabins; Tourism; Cabins--Arizona--Sedona; Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Born digital Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Oak Creek Canyon (Ariz.); United States Highway 89A; Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 2010-2019; 21st century Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital surrogates are the property of the repository. Reproduction requires permission, please contact special.collections@nau.edu. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Dorothy T. and James J. Hanks Cline Library Endowment for Repeat Photography; Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context NAU_153585.jpg https://highway89.org/files/original/555978f338edf4b3b1452a80c572c7e4.jpg 532de9f318af54ff0e7b5607b7dd3c9d Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 3456 Image Width Image Width in pixels 5184 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Scanning resolution Resolution in DPI 72 Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example RGB Checksum 55505387A99E0E42991319E8D4FD3EDC File Size Size of the file in bytes. 27097312 Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2012-06-21 Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order a print or digital file of this item, please see Northern Arizona University. Cline Library's Reproduction Order Form at: <a>http://archive.library.nau.edu/cdm/ordering/#ordering</a> Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/10355">http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/103554</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Front Street. Jerome, AZ 5/29/2012 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Amundson, Michael A. Subject The topic of the resource Tourism; Business districts--Arizona--Jerome Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Born digital Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Jerome (Ariz.); United States Highway 89A; Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 2010-2019; 21st century Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital surrogates are the property of the repository. Reproduction requires permission, please contact special.collections@nau.edu. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Dorothy T. and James J. Hanks Cline Library Endowment for Repeat Photography; Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context NAU_153595.jpg https://highway89.org/files/original/f612f222ee527b229fcfe9c26b8fc3bb.jpg 1ec57b5f4642fbd23175ac945dd277a3 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 3555 Image Width Image Width in pixels 4599 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Scanning resolution Resolution in DPI 1000 Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example Grayscale Checksum DA46842FEF7603487766BD28B5D8184E File Size Size of the file in bytes. 36535296 Conversion Specs Scanned by Northern Arizona University. Cline Library using Imacon Flextight 848, display file is JPEG. Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2012-06-25 Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order a print or digital file of this item, please see Northern Arizona University. Cline Library's Reproduction Order Form at: <a>http://archive.library.nau.edu/cdm/ordering/#ordering</a> Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/10355">http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/103559</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Private Resort, Oak Creak Canyon, AZ 5/22/2012 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Amundson, Michael A. Subject The topic of the resource Chipmunk Store and Cabins; Scenic byways; Resorts--Arizona--Oak Creek Canyon Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Born digital Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Oak Creek Canyon (Ariz.); United States Highway 89a Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 2010-2019; 21st century Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital surrogates are the property of the repository. Reproduction requires permission, please contact special.collections@nau.edu. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Dorothy T. and James J. Hanks Cline Library Endowment for Repeat Photography; Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context NAU_153602.jpg https://highway89.org/files/original/596dbb1f111dc4b4b487cf9d9dede219.jpg 0aa7481f80b6e46c9236f8256decc3e8 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 3402 Image Width Image Width in pixels 2633 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Scanning resolution Resolution in DPI 240 Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example RGB Checksum A89047B79048F080D4A551D1124AFA30 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 36531196 Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2012-06-25 Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order a print or digital file of this item, please see Northern Arizona University. Cline Library's Reproduction Order Form at: <a>http://archive.library.nau.edu/cdm/ordering/#ordering</a> Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/10354">http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/103547</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cedars Resort, Sedona, AZ 5/21/2012 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Amundson, Michael A.; Subject The topic of the resource Tourism; Resorts--Arizona--Sedona Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Born digital Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Sedona (Ariz.);United States Highway 89 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 2010-2019; 21st century Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital surrogates are the property of the repository. Reproduction requires permission, please contact special.collections@nau.edu. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Dorothy T. and James J. Hanks Cline Library Endowment for Repeat Photography; Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context NAU_153581.jpg https://highway89.org/files/original/dece8ecb15362de0d0ecadbb63dcfc8c.jpg 36225a36b3445ea932b7ebfd2cda74b1 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 3200 Image Width Image Width in pixels 4000 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example Grayscale Checksum 0xCC368CB9 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 7893.023 kb Conversion Specs iQsmart3 CREO Oxygen Scan v2.4.0 attributes: jpg, 4000x3200, 400dpi jp2 image created using CONTENTdm Acquistion Station version 4.1 jpeg 2000 extension software Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2006-01 Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/GEA/id/11258">http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/GEA/id/11258</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jennie Jensen Description An account of the resource A photograph taken outdoors of a store with a sign which read 'City Meat Market, C. Jensen Pro...' and which has several people standing in front of it. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Anderson, George Edward, 1860-1928 Subject The topic of the resource Butchers Storefronts Jensen family--Photographs Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1880-1920 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Ephraim (Utah) Sanpete County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1880-1889 1890-1899 1900-1909 1910-1919 19th century 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, MSS P-1 # 977 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Brigham Young University Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Courtesy L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. George Edward Anderson Photograph Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jp2 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS_P_1_977.jp2 Highway 89 Stores and Shops https://highway89.org/files/original/2f5a5ce3be1834719d3a95438a63c3ba.jpg 07d6efd1499d71869cd4a8cc5b52e7a8 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 3129 Image Width Image Width in pixels 4000 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example Grayscale Checksum 0x7AB8E273 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 9812.825 kb Conversion Specs iQsmart3 CREO Oxygen Scan v2.4.0 attributes: jpg, 4000x3129, 400dpi jp2 image created using CONTENTdm Acquistion Station version 4.1 jpeg 2000 extension software Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2006-01 Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/GEA/id/10760">http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/GEA/id/10760</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Manti Utah from City Hall, looking southeast Description An account of the resource A photograph taken outdoors view of trees and houses with mountains in the background. In the foreground is a fence, at an angle, and a line of trees following the fence line. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Anderson, George Edward, 1860-1928 Subject The topic of the resource Dwellings--Utah--Manti Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1880-1920 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Manti (Utah) Sanpete County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1880-1889 1890-1899 1900-1909 1910-1919 19th century 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, MSS P-1 # 5170 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Brigham Young University Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Courtesy L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. George Edward Anderson Photograph Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS_P_1_5170.jp2 City Hall Highway 89 Manti Utah https://highway89.org/files/original/d9684d45a3ed4f5fb5032e7ea146a588.jpg 1fc048165670c598a13d956dd39057b7 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 2594 Image Width Image Width in pixels 4000 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example Grayscale Checksum 0x959554DD File Size Size of the file in bytes. 4170.724 kb Conversion Specs iQsmart3 CREO Oxygen Scan v2.4.0 attributes: jpg, 4000x2594, 400dpi jp2 image created using CONTENTdm Acquistion Station version 4.1 jpeg 2000 extension software Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2005-12 Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/GEA/id/7917">http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/GEA/id/7917</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Manti street Description An account of the resource Two pictures of a view of a Manti street with the temple in the background. There are four buildings on one side of the street and one of the buildings has two awnings over its two front windows. Taken outdoors. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Anderson, George Edward, 1860-1928 Subject The topic of the resource Buildings--Utah--Manti Manti Temple (Manti, Utah) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs Stereographs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1888-1906 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Manti (Utah) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1880-1889 1890-1899 1900-1909 19th century 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, MSS P-1 # 12599 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Brigham Young University Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Courtesy L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. George Edward Anderson Photograph Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS_P_1_12599.jp2 Highway 89 LDS Temple Manti Utah https://highway89.org/files/original/5339a674da38002504cac54bfbe2eb97.jpg 1f38c1e81abfd261d86ee32bfc487eff Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 3321 Image Width Image Width in pixels 4000 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example Grayscale Checksum 0x662E8E4F File Size Size of the file in bytes. 8491.72 kb Conversion Specs iQsmart3 CREO Oxygen Scan v2.4.0 attributes: jpg, 4000x3321, 400dpi jp2 image created using CONTENTdm Acquistion Station version 4.1 jpeg 2000 extension software Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2006-01 Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/GEA/id/8131">http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/GEA/id/8131</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Manti Utah Temple Description An account of the resource A photograph taken outdoors of the Manti temple, surrounding structures, and a near-by orchard. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Anderson, George Edward, 1860-1928 Subject The topic of the resource Manti Temple (Manti, Utah) Manti (Utah) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1888 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Manti (Utah) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1880-1889 19th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, MSS P-1 # 15419 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Brigham Young University Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Courtesy L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. George Edward Anderson Photograph Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jp2 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS_P_1_15419.jp2 Highway 89 LDS Temple Manti Utah https://highway89.org/files/original/32cf37fb6c5615c497b8f9a1941b9145.jpg f702462ad79db8169623dceab1059cdd Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 3261 Image Width Image Width in pixels 4000 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example Grayscale Checksum 0xC0C38E6F File Size Size of the file in bytes. 5991.346 kb Conversion Specs iQsmart3 CREO Oxygen Scan v2.4.0 attributes: jpg, 4000x3261, 400dpi jp2 image created using CONTENTdm Acquistion Station version 4.1 jpeg 2000 extension software Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2006-01 Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/GEA/id/8588">http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/GEA/id/8588</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grants Music Emporium Description An account of the resource Taken outdoors, a photo of a large two-story store building with signs advertising pictures, frames, mirrors, brackets, sewing machines, baby carriages, band instruments, etc. The main sign reads "Grant's Music Emporium & Novelty Baz." and there are a man and a woman leaning out of two different doorways. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Anderson, George Edward, 1860-1928 Subject The topic of the resource Men--Portraits Women--Portraits Stores, Retail--Utah--American Fork Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs Portraits Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1880-1920 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. American Fork (Utah) Utah County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1880-1889 1890-1899 1900-1909 1910-1919 19th century 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, MSS P-1 # 18712 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Brigham Young University Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Courtesy L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. George Edward Anderson Photograph Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS_P_1_18712.jp2 Highway 89 Stores and Shops https://highway89.org/files/original/52397837d87646c6fe518de130299fa0.jpg a674cc39ddc44a5fa197af8130946474 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 2981 Image Width Image Width in pixels 4000 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example Grayscale Checksum 0xB4C884E2 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 7847.595 KB Conversion Specs iQsmart3 CREO Oxygen Scan v2.4.0 attributes: jpg, 4000x2981, 400dpi jp2 image created using CONTENTdm Acquistion Station version 4.1 jpeg 2000 extension software Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2006-04 Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/GEA/id/5754">http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/GEA/id/5754</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Orem Inter-Urban Loading for Provo Utah July 24, 1915 Celebration Description An account of the resource A large group of people boarding a street car and a line of carriages on the opposite side of the tracks. Taken outdoors. Written on the bottom: "Pioneer Day, Springville, Utah, July 24th 1915, G.E.A. Photo." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Anderson, George Edward, 1860-1928 Subject The topic of the resource Men--Portraits Women--Portraits Street-cars--Photographs Pioneer Day--Photographs Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs Portraits Group portraits Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1915-07-24 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Orem (Utah) Utah County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1910-1919 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, MSS P-3156 # 136 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Brigham Young University Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Courtesy L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. George Edward Anderson Photograph Collection The Robert W. Edwards' George Edward Anderson Photograph Collection, ca. 1880-1920 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jp2 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS_P_3156_136.jp2 Highway 89 https://highway89.org/files/original/a7a63b5be55516eab420f38717ad884a.jpg 1caa56e538afcb097309bb1baaf7d066 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 4329 Image Width Image Width in pixels 6993 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Scanning resolution Resolution in DPI 1200 Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example Grayscale Checksum 204bf00058b87cc346cc75da08b8198a File Size Size of the file in bytes. 51527308 Conversion Specs Scanned by Northern Arizona University. Cline Library using Epson Expression 10000XL scanner, display file is JPEG. Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order a print or digital file of this item, please see Northern Arizona University. Cline Library's Reproduction Order Form at: <a>http://archive.library.nau.edu/cdm/ordering/#ordering</a> Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/16538">http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/16538</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource United States Highway 89 a few miles from Cameron, Arizona, 1930 ca. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Andrews, David K. Subject The topic of the resource Automobiles; Vacations; Tourism Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Gelatin Silver print (black and white) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 ca. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Cameron (Ariz.);United States Highway 89; Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1930-1939; 20th century Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://www.azarchivesonline.org/xtf/view?docId=ead/nau/Andrews_David.xml Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital surrogates are the property of the repository. Reproduction requires permission, please contact special.collections@nau.edu. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Andrews, David K. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context NAU_92562.jpg https://highway89.org/files/original/c90973e8fb2580cd20e98c1ed5b579e6.pdf adf9eefa08bf3c405ae04e02f20e2733 PDF Text Text SEP 1 5 1 912 Historic beginnings ROBERT W. ARBUCKLE Mayor PATRICIA City Manager GARY E. ELLIOTT C. PARSELL L. HANK SEMADENI Council Members JAMES DONA SCHARP Recorder/ Finance Officer LYNE'ITE BINGHAM Treasurer N. ACHTER GREGORY S BELL MAX FORBUSH 130 North Main P. O. Box F Farmington, Utah 84025 Telephone (801) 451-2383 September 11, 1992 Congressman James V. Hansen 324 25th Street Ogden, Utah 84401 Dear Congressman Hansen, The City Council appreciated your attendance at our Council meeting and the input you contributed towards resolving some of the anticipated impacts of the proposed U.S. 89 Corridor Project. As a community we support the project, contingent on UDOT meeting Farmington's essential needs listed as priority items 1 thru 4 on the attached "U.S. 89 Corridor Improvement Impacts" document. We are writing this letter to request your assistance in securing these four prerequisites as a condition of support of the project. We support the notion of drafting these prerequisites in the scope of the project to adequately define the negative impacts the U.S. 89 project creates on Farmington City. Included on the referenced list are other impacts of community concern. We believe that most of these items will be resolved during the E.I.S. and design process. However, items 2, 3, & 4 are not currently in the scope of the project and our priority #1 is of utmost concern. The City wants all of the items to be included in the review process of the project, but items 1 thru 4 should be prerequisite to funding. As you know, the Council and I are concerned that this project is constructed so that we maintain the economic viability of the -commercial zone located on U.S. 89 in north Farmington. Item No. 1 best addresses this concern. Intended improvements in harmony with proposed road Gross-sections would allow the community to maintain the at-grade intersection until the level of service dictates additional improvements. This community concern could be addressed by phasing of the project with this intersection completed in the last phase, or by delaying construction at this intersection until the commercial viability of the new development is not controlled by visibility and access criteria. �Congressman James V. Hansen September 11, 1992 Page 2 Your help in resolving items No. 1 thru 4 is appreciated. Inclusion of these items as outlined should not negatively impact our neighboring community, but will significantly improve the impact on Farmington. If the timing or phasing of the Shepard Lane intersection can be addressed by providing interim TSM improvements; all safety, traffic flow, and planning issues can still be provided by this project without local conflicts. If additional clarification would be helpful, please feel free to contact us. Successful resolution of these issues, without a destructive influence of this process, remains our goal. Your leadership and your efforts to provide the funding to date and in the future are appreciated. Robert W. Arbuckle Mayor RWA/EK/ml �FARMINGTON CITY IMPACTS u.S. 89 CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENTS 1. UDOT should be requested to allow the continued operation of the at-grade signalized intersection as the level of service (LOS), and capacity remain favorable. Interim TSM improvements, including additional lanes for high demand movements, should be programmed to assure an acceptable LOS for the next 10 to 20 years. If, in the future, UDOT desires to design and install a Single Point Urban Interchange (SPUI), the following elements should be considered: A. Safe pedestrian access from the west side of U.S. 89 across the SPUI to existing commercial and residential activities on the east side. B. Consider design alternatives producing the least associated impacts to abutting property including, but not limited to, minimizing the height of SPUI structure by some minimal lowering of Shepard Lane, alternate treatments and analysis of which road should actually be elevated, and noise mitigation strategies for elevated structures/highways. C. The northbound off-ramp at Shepard Lane should be provided with "stop" control for eastbound motorists proceeding past Knowlton Elementary School. 2. The City of Farmington is negatively impacted by improved development of U.S. 89 if the project development does not include improvements through the connection to I-IS. The intersections of the improved U.S. 89 and existing I-IS occurs at Burke Lane. The improved u.S. 89 will exacerbate the existing problems at this intersection. Re-establishment of Burke Lane with improvements to the intersection of the two major highways is necessary to mitigate the impact of this project and should be included in the proposed project scope instead of delaying this portion of the U.S. 89 improvements. Separation of community areas created by limited access highway construction could also be mitigated with this approach. 3. UDOT should carefully assess the drainage and wetland mitigation measures associated with the EIS process. The entire area from Farmington Junction to I-IS/Burke Lane should be included. The design mitigation alternatives analysis should include a detention/retention basin near the I-IS/Burke Lane interchange. (Small pockets of wetlands should be traded for one large enhanced wetland area.) �This will also resolve a past problem created by Federal Highway construction. 4. Noise abatement alternatives should be examined through the entire corridor from Farmington Junction to Burke Lane. U.S. 89 improvements combined with the increased traffic projected on this road system will significantly increase noise (above current allowable Federal regulated levels) in the northwest portion of Farmington. This area currently exceeds allowable levels due to the past construction of 1-15 without any noise abatement facilities, anticipated road elevation increases between Cherry Hill and Burke Lane will also increase this problem. Maintaining the commercial viability of this area would dictate that construction of sound walls through this area would not be acceptable to the community to mitigate noise pollution. Since a significant portion of the residential development in the community is sandwiched between 1-15 and U.S. 89 in this location, the increased noise level combined with the unacceptable levels generated by 1-15 would have a significant negative environmental impact on the existing homeowners. Mitigation of this problem could be accomplished by construction of sound walls along 1-15 to significantly decrease existing background noise. Farmington believes that this approach should be included in the proposed project scope. The negative visual impacts of this project could also be reduced with this approach. 5. Request that UDOT use aesthetic design and materials for retaining walls along on-off ramps at Shepard Lane. 6. UDOT should analyze and consider the elimination of the east frontage road from Fruit Heights to Farmington and route traffic to the west side frontage road, to avoid impacts to Main Street. 7. Request that UDOT consider mitigation of adverse impact to access from the Knowlton Elementary School on Shepard Lane. The impacts to be assessed include, but are not limited to, sidewalks, drop-off zones, circulation, and access. 8. Due to the adverse impacts to access of abutting property resulting from the proposed expressway design of U.S. 89, UDOT should complete the proposed frontage and access roads as shown in their alternative drawings. Specifically, however, the access road as illustrated in Alternative 2, Drawing No.2 (Attachment B), should be redesigned to extend southeastward and connect with Burke Lane to the south. 9. SR 272 should be widened and improved ~~th pedestrian facilities on the west side from Farmington Junction to Shepard Lane. �10. The northbound off-ramp at Shepard Lane should have stop control for eastbound motorists proceeding east past Knowlton Elementary School. 11. The alignment of 1875 North and SR 272 (Main Street) at Farmington Junction should be designed to establish a more direct route between the two east-west connections. Design alternatives for the interchange including impacts for Main Street over versus under options should be presented to Farmington City for review and comment. 12. UDOT should include provisions for pedestrian, bicycle, and equestrian facilities compatible with Farmington's Master Plan at Farmington Junction and Shepard Lane. 13. UDOT should examine and provide for pedestrian access to the Smith's Shopping Center from the west side of u.S. 89 at Shepard Lane. 14. A second access from Main Street into the Smith's property as well as replacement parking should be provided to replace the lost driveway from u.S. 89 and any lost parking resulting from the widening and raising of u.S. 89. 15. Economic impacts resulting from loss of current access during construction and their mitigation should be addressed in the ElS. 16. UDOT's ElS should include any impacts resulting from placement of fill material near Shepard Lane on ground already having a high water table. � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/1696">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/1696</a> Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies, scans, or prints of this item for fair use purposes, please see Utah State University's Reproduction Order Form at: <a href="https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php">https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2013 Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner. Checksum 3859913501 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 3457821 Bytes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Correspondence from Robert Arbuckle to Congressman James Hansen, September 11, 1992 Description An account of the resource Correspondence from Robert Arbuckle to Congressman James Hansen, thanking Congressman Hansen for his participation in the plans for the US 89 corridor project. Also included is a list of concerns about the project. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Arbuckle, Robert W. Subject The topic of the resource United States Highway 89 Roads Improvement--Utah Roads--Design and construction Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Correspondence Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Farmington City Corporation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 9/11/92 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Farmington (Utah) Davis County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1990-1999 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Papers of Congressman James V. Hansen, 1970-2003, COLL MSS 351 Series I Box 85 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. View the inventory for this collection at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv82138">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv82138</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Special Collections and Archives, phone (435) 797-2663. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Highway 89 Digital Collections Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS351SerIBx85_Item_3.pdf Highway 89; https://highway89.org/files/original/509f27206759d6edf1d7e77e23b54b41.mp3 34659bfa06a5d0b9d134ce7d3a5c4703 https://highway89.org/files/original/e566740ec0489f8f2fe614dca02881b6.pdf 2f1ecf5962716452b8083b8faff4bf9e PDF Text Text LAND USE MANAGEMENT TRANSCRIPTION COVER SHEET Interviewee: Dennis D. Austin Place of Interview: Quinney Library, Utah State University, Logan UT Date of Interview: 18 February 2009 Interviewer: Recordist: Barbara Middleton Barbara Middleton Recording Equipment: Radio Shack Tape Recorder, CTR-122 Transcription Equipment used: Transcribed by: Transcript Proofed by: Power Player Transcription Software: Executive Communication Systems Susan Gross Barbara Middleton; Dennis Austin; Randy Williams (8 March 2011) Brief Description of Contents: Dennis Austin discusses his career in the Division of Wildlife Resources and all the time in the field he spent and his role and opinions on various policies involved; he also talks about his role in influencing and teaching land owners about conservation easements. Reference: BM = Barbara Middleton (Interviewer; Interpretive Specialist, Environment & Society Dept., USU College of Natural Resources) DA = Dennis Austin NOTE: Interjections during pauses or transitions in dialogue such as “uh” and starts and stops in conversations are not included in transcribed. As well, Mr. Austin edited/deleted some words/portions of the interview for clarity. All additions to transcript are noted with brackets. TAPE TRANSCRIPTION [Tape 1 of 2: A] BA: [It is] Wednesday, February 18. We’re on the Utah State University campus in the Quinney Library Conference Room [conducting an interview for the] Logan Canyon Land Use Management Oral History Project. My name is Barbara Middleton and our interview today is with Dennis Austin. Dennis, would you please introduce yourself and give us a little bit of your background, biographical information? Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  1   �DA: Dennis Duane Austin and I was born on May 4, 1947 in Salt Lake City. I grew up in Salt Lake, came up to Utah State University in 1967 after spending two years at the University of Utah in the business or mathematics. And on the lark came up here and walked into the Dean’s office and said, “Who can I talk to?” And they sent me over to Dr. [George B.] Colthrap. Ten minutes later I was signed up in the Watershed program. BA: And at that time who was the Dean of Natural Resources? DA: The Dean of Natural Resources I think was Thaddeus Box. BA: That was Thad? DA: I believe it was Thad. BA: And Dr. Colthrap was a professor in Watershed Sciences. DA: He was. BA: Okay. DA: I graduated with a Bachelors in [19]’70, a masters in ’72. I worked briefly for the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). I had a career with the Division of Wildlife [Resources: DWR] in Utah for about 30.5 years, with almost 22 of those years or so at Utah State University in a research capacity; the last nine or so years, as a biologist for the Cache Unit in Northern Utah. BA: Okay. DA: Retired about 2003, and since have continued to do many of the same things I was doing professionally, but now do them as a volunteer. BA: Back to your BLM reference – where did you work with them and what was your position? DA: Oh, it was just a summer internship up in Malta, Montana. BA: Doing what? DA: Range inventory. BA: And you mentioned the DWR – there’s a large part of that (22 years) where you are associated with USU and research. Can you tell us how that worked with DWR and USU? DA: That was an extremely unusual situation because it was a cooperative position in that the university [Utah State University] provided the facilities: the room, the research Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  2   �opportunities; and the Division of Wildlife paid my salary and directed the research issues. BA: Okay. DA: And my supervisors were first, Arthur V. Smith and then Phillip Urness and they were also in very unusual appointments in that they were paid half-time university and halftime the Division of Wildlife (even though they worked full time here at the [Utah State] University). BA: That was for 22 years, focusing on what areas? DA: Primarily big game/livestock relationships. This project began about, probably 1950 with Art Smith. And then later on after, oh probably somewhere around 1980, I changed the title of the project to “Wildlife Problems,” solving problems. We expanded our role from just habitat and animal relationships to problem-solving. For example, depredation was a very big part of my job for many years, in terms of research. BA: So it became part of something called “Wildlife Problems”? Has that evolved into anything else? DA: The whole project ended about 1994 when DWR ran into financial difficulties. BA: I just wasn’t sure if there was another unit that had picked up that issue. DA: After the project was eliminated by the Director, research in Utah (from the wildlife perspective) ended up on a consulting basis (like with BYU and the co-op unit here) and there was no further research being done (that I’m aware of) by DWR employees. Maybe on an in-house basis a little bit, but not much and not very technical. BA: So in that time that you were here, you obviously have spent time on the Cache National Forest, as well as in Logan Canyon. But before we get real specific to Logan Canyon, can you just give us an idea of the territory that you did cover? Let’s start with the largest and then we’ll focus down on the smaller, local scale. DA: Well as a research biologist at the university we just went where the research needed to be done. I had projects out in Uinta Basin, out near Dinosaur National Monument. I had projects out in the west desert on the Sheeprock Mountains. I had the depredation studies that went basically from Cache Valley and Rich County, clear down to Paragonah (in southern Utah), catching part of the area down by Price. [We did projects in the high Uintas] we put research sites all over the state. We had a really good mix. And my research experience was very broad. BA: In terms of those areas, like the Uinta Basin, was there a specific focus for being there? A specific wildlife or group of wildlife? Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  3   �DA: Yes! Each research project had its own goals and research questions. The first one dealt with Pinion-Juniper habitat. The state and the Bureau of Land Management had been doing rehabilitation work for Pinion-Juniper for decades – clear cutting and chaining. And the question that we started with out there was, “Does it really help in terms of habitat and wildlife?” And that was the first major project I worked on. And then it just went from there. So there were a lot of projects! BA: And just another detail on the west desert – what were you doing out there? DA: That study was looking at summer range because most of our big-game ranges – the winter range is the controlling factor – whereas out on these desert ranges it’s the amount of summer range. And so from a wildlife management perspective we were trying to figure out carrying capacities, how it was limiting, deer diets and nutrition, and habitat selection. [After three or four years], we came up with, I thought, some very good conclusions. BA: Great. That’s helpful just to get an idea of how far ranging you were. Because what we are going to focus on today is looking at the Cache National Forest, specifically some of the work that you’ve done in Logan Canyon. Okay? DA: Okay. BA: So let’s move into that area. And again, 30 years you’re with this program, but the program is taking you all over the state. DA: It has. BA: So what were some of the problems that you were approaching in Logan Canyon and when you looked at wildlife? And again, I know its Logan Canyon and the forest and some other entities. DA: Let me back up just a half a step. BA: Okay. DA: Because one of your questions asks, “What is the first thing you can remember?” BA: Yes. DA: “In Logan Canyon?” When I came up here in 1967 I took a social dance class and I met my future wife. Probably the earliest memory I have of doing anything in Logan Canyon was a ski trip with her. We cross-country skied from Franklin Basin and ended up at dark at the Logan River and I carried her across the river! Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  4   �[Laughing] BA: Oh, that’s great! Was she a skier? DA: We were skiers. She was a skier and I was beginning – that was probably my first memory. BA: And that’s cross-country skiing we’re talking about? DA: That was cross-country. BA: So, tell me about the gear you used on cross-country skiing in that – DA: Still have it. BA: Do you really? DA: Yes. BA: Wooden skis? DA: Yes, wooden skis. And this year the lamination’s finally started coming off and I had to retire them – and that was just a month ago! BA: [Laughing] And that was 1967? DA: Yes, so basically 42 years on wooden skis. BA: That’s great. DA: Okay. BA: So that’s your first memory. And Ann – we’re talking about Ann Austin? DA: Ann Berghout at that time. BA: Would you spell that last name? DA: B-E-R-G-H-O-U-T. BA: Thank you. That helps our typist. Ann Berghout, who is now Ann Austin and is the Assistant Provost? DA: Vice Provost. BA: Vice Provost at USU? Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  5   �DA: Vice Provost over Faculty Development and Diversity. BA: Thank you. DA: Okay, now. My research in Logan Canyon was minimal, but I did do a lot of data collection, especially as a biologist. BA: Tell us about the data collection. DA: I always felt like our biologists were not collecting as much data as they could have, and as much detailed data. So when I took over the biological position I did things that either hadn’t been done in years, or I began new projects. One of them was snowshoe hares. Nobody knows anything about snowshoe hares, basically, there’s very little data collected on them. But I set up plots on snowshoe hares and began looking at track counts and pellet group accumulations over winter and kept that data going until I retired and then the Forest Service subsequently has picked that up and is using those plots. Those are probably the longest term set of data that we have on snowshoe hare in the state, and maybe the intermountain region. BA: Hmm. DA: And those data are available. I also started setting up wing barrels for forest grouse. BA: What is that? DA: In other words, when hunters harvest birds and come out – if you have a wing barrels set up, you can request that they deposit their wings in the wing barrel. I started doing that to try to keep track not only of populations, but to determine the ratio of ruffed to blue grouse or dusty grouse. BA: So ratio of species. DA: I kept that up for ten years as well, and those data are available. As soon as I retired, that ended! I also set up a series of over winter big-game transects which looked at browse utilization by species and pellet group accumulations. And I not only did big game: deer, elk and moose, but I also did rabbits, to get a really good idea of the relationship and the number of animals on the range and the habitat utilization. I did that for ten years or so and as soon as I retired they (DWR) didn’t do that anymore either! BA: That’s interesting – you comment on that – with the data collection is that there was not enough being done. What was it like prior to your establishing some of these? DA: [With] the snowshoe hare, there was absolutely nothing being done. The forest grouse probably amounted to checking a few hunters from our law enforcement people. Now, on the other hand, there’s been a forest grouse check station at Blacksmith Fork for many, Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  6   �many years; and I continued to do that and I think that’s been more or less continued since. That’s probably the longest set of data anywhere in the state (or maybe anywhere), in terms of harvest to forest grouse from a check station standpoint. And those data are available for many years. Then I also restarted the deer check station in Logan Canyon. They’d run it back in the 1960s maybe, or the 1970s a little bit, and then because of one year where they [DWR] had a couple of car accidents at the check station they quit doing it. And so in 1994 when I took the position I re-upped with quite a bit of objection [with them] saying, “This isn’t going to work, you’re going to run into accidents,” and that sort of thing. So I put out a dozen good signs that slowed the traffic way down and we ran that check station every year for ten years [without any problems or accidents.] I think that’s still being run. The changes in the populations of deer being harvested are enormous and that data set is clearly shows that, clearly shows that. Those data are also available. BA: Give us an example of what kind of changes you see, like in the deer harvest. DA: Well, I’m now recalling from memory, but some of the earlier data – and I worked at the check station in the mid-80s (I think it was 1984). We would check 200 deer coming out on the opening weekend. As I remember, there were data back in the 1960s when they ran that station and they checked 400 deer on opening weekend, more or less. You’ve got to go back because we had these severe winters that not only crippled our deer herd and killed them, but they annihilated the winter range because of the extreme overuse. Then because of the lack of livestock grazing the browse couldn’t get going. The competition wasn’t favorable to browse production which sustains big-game winter. Anyway, we had the die off in ’83-’84; we had the die off in ’91-’92. The ’91-’92 was the last really major statewide die-off and we’ve never recovered from it. And so when I was a biologist – the ten years that I ran it – we ran a check station there on opening weekend and instead of 200 deer we were checking somewhere between 60 and 90, somewhere in that range. Then we’ve had more problems in Logan Canyon with the increased traffic, the speed of the traffic, highway deaths/highway mortality. Now I think this last year they checked somewhere – they’ve been checking somewhere between 30 and 40 deer the last few years. I think they had 28 this year. The number just continues to go down. All these longevity data sets are all available. BA: Now when you are at a deer check station as the biologist, what are you checking for? I mean what are you looking at, specifically? Are you looking at fat? Teeth? Tongue? DA: [Laughing] Well years before, at most check stations all they (DWR) do is count the number of deer. BA: Okay. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  7   �DA: And that’s all they do: buck, doe but that’s about it. As a research biologist working out on the desert – the Sheeprock Mountains or out in the Uinta Basin on Diamond Mountain area – we did quite a bit more. When I started to do the Logan Canyon check station, I started collecting considerably more data when the deer would come in. I look at the number of antler tines, spread of the antlers, the age of the animal for sure. BA: From teeth? DA: From dental. We were collecting teeth for [inaudible] and then I developed a fat index that is an index to physical condition of deer going into the winter (which is at the zyphoid process) and then there were a couple of other measurements that I just can’t bring to mind right quick. Anyway, the state adapted the method for at least a few years. I know that throughout at least the northern region everybody was doing it the same way and they were using seven pieces of data that we were collecting. For several years we did it all the same, but I don’t know what’s being done now. BA: Now mule deer aren’t just in Utah; so when you look at your partners where the mule deer population is, were they watching what you were doing in terms of the data collection and starting to mimic that? Were you leading the edge here? DA: I don’t know. I know that I published that paper on fat depth at the zyphoid process, and I know that it was used in Utah. I had a few inquiries from Colorado. I know it was used with white-tail deer in either Minnesota or Wisconsin for awhile, but I don’t know whether it was picked up and how permanently it was used. It’s kind of one of those things that, you know, it’s good to know but what are you going to do with it? I was trying to tie it into when to start over winter feeding? You know because of severe winter, when do you start feeding deer in the winter? And that was my idea because if you’ve got a deer herd that’s going into the winter in skinny condition you may want to start a little earlier; your criteria may loosen up a little bit. BA: And these winter feeding stations . . . . can you give us idea of where some of these might be or have been? DA: The Olympic year was 2002 and in 2002 during the Olympics, all the officers in the state basically, were tied into the Olympics and so I was up here basically alone. If you remember we had record snowfall that year. BA: Right. DA: We had 22 inches in the valley in one day, and more on the mountain and I was the only one here. I was working – I don’t know, 100 hour weeks [laughing] trying to keep up with all the difficulties and the problems. That was also the year that we fed deer in various stations and it took a little bit of gearing up to get the state on board to do it, because they had to authorize it. But that year we kept track of what was being fed and we kept track of die-off rates. And that particular year feeding was very effective in survival rates. I have those data. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  8   �BA: And so you’re basically feeding at the mouth of the canyons in Cache Valley? DA: Mouth of the canyons. We had about 12 or 13 feeding locations that were authorized; we had three over in Rich County. It really made a difference on those sites in terms of survival. BA: And you’re feeding what? Alfalfa? DA: We fed primarily alfalfa and that’s been recommended for years because that’s what we fed our tame deer. We fed them alfalfa a second and third crop ad libitum (meaning as much as they wanted), and then we would feed a little bit of deer pellets or lamb growth pellets which are basically the same thing. Deer pellet composition is just a little bit different, but the land gore pellet worked great and it was commercially available. And then we would use rolled barley for ice cream. That’s what we used to train them and to tame them down because they would eat it out of your hand with the rolled barley. It was just a favorite. BA: Interesting. Because I have seen feeding stations around the valley and I know there’s one in North Logan at Green Canyon. DA: Correct. BA: Yeah. DA: Yes, and we still do that. We still feed them on occasion if the conditions are right and the Division of Wildlife approves it, and then we have volunteers that are set up. And it helps, it really helps. The earliest feeding that was done on the Cache was done in the 1940s, and I believe the researcher was Rasmussen. BA: Okay. DA: They fed in what used to be the deer pen facility, just south of Green Canyon, between Logan and Green Canyon. There’s about 120 acres in there that was sold to Logan City about 2004 for a cemetery and other things. That was the first feeding experiment that I’m aware of anywhere in the west. They fed on the range out there – and they would feed up to 1000 head of deer a year on this range. Then they kept track of their losses and that was the very first feeding experiment, and obviously was successful. BA: And as an experiment – again, is the question we’re looking at – “how do we get a healthier population during the winter?” DA: Yes. BA: Okay. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  9   �DA: And feeding works. There is absolutely no question about the fact that feeding works. Phil Urness did a summary of feeding that had been done in the west about 1995 – that’s a published paper. Then I have the exact data from our feeding experiments in 2002. Then Chris Peterson, a PhD (I think she’s finished with her PhD at USU now) has done – that’s what her PhD was about: the effects of feeding on wildlife deer populations. The effects on their habitats, and how well they’ll survive and reproduction, that sort of thing. We pretty much know what it does and if you have a bad winter and you run out of browse, feeding makes a big difference. If it’s just a normal winter, it’s not going to really make much of a difference in terms of reproduction success. BA: How does it affect other wildlife? Is there any connection with available forage or movement of animals? DA: Well, there’s always the competition with elk. Because elk are the competitors – they’ll go out and out compete anything we have on the mountain. They’ll out-compete deer, they’ll out-compete moose, they’ll out-compete pronghorn. The only thing they can’t outcompete, basically, is bison. And the reason is that with most of our wildlife species they don’t herd up in large groups like elk do. But elk in the wintertime are more sociable, they get in large groups, and then they get into an area and they camp. They just kind of camp on an area and chew it up and then move on to the next area. Whereas for instance, mule deer will walk in small groups of two or three or four, or even larger groups sometimes, but they’ll walk through an area and take a bite of a shrub here, and a bite of a shrub there and just kind of move through. Whereas an elk will get in their groups and they’ll find, “Oh! I like this bush.” And they’ll eat it until it’s all gone. [Laughing] That’s one of the major differences and that can create conflict between those species. Moose tend to stay up higher, but moose tend to do the same thing, except they’re usually single; moose will hunker down all winter in a very small area and just stay there all winter and just eat whatever is there. BA: So, the other question I guess is there a down side to feeding? DA: Well you do have disease problems occasionally, but not very often; and you do have habitat destruction in the vicinity of the feeding grounds. BA: What do you mean? DA: Because they just use everything. It’s just basically you over-utilize the shrubs and it causes decadence and then usually mortality of the shrubs. But the deer pen property is kind of interesting because it was purchased in 1937 for research. The reason they purchased it is because the early guys out there noticed that this is one of the two major areas on the Cache Valley bench where the big game (primarily mule deer) stayed in the winter time, so that’s why the state purchased it. The other area was the Millville face. That tends to dry off – not dry off – but the snow tends to melt on it sooner and you have more open ground all winter and that’s why it was purchased; it was a very effective winter range for many years. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  10   �It was used by research. Art Smith did the very first piece of research up there in 1947 and he compared areas grazed by livestock and areas ungrazed by livestock on deer winter range. That was the first big game/livestock relationship study, I believe, ever recorded. I think that was published in 1949. But it came directly from that area and then I went back and re-did his data in the mid-[19]80s (I think that was published in [19]84). I compared his data – same ground, same technique, but the change had been that livestock grazing had ended decades ago. So the habitat had gone back to a situation where the differences in plant communities between where his old fence line was were almost gone. There were almost no differences after 30 years of utilization without livestock – deer utilization in the winter; livestock utilization in the spring. BA: Interesting. So these two pieces of land: the Millville and Logan deer pens were purchased by DWR, and that’s because you’re saying the face melts off so it’s an easier place for the deer to herd up; better vegetation because of that? DA: Well, in the winter time it melts, leaving the ground open and allowing the deer to move around. And it has a little bit warmer micro-climate, which makes a difference in the winter time. The Millville face and the face up here between Green and Logan Canyons (which is sometimes called “Saddle Mountain”) [Stop and start recording] [Tape 1 of 2: B] BA: This is [Barbara Middleton, I’m here with] Dennis Austin, we’re on Tape 1 and we’re on side 2. And this is February 18, continuing our discussion. DA: If you go out on the Valley View Highway, toward the Wellsville Mountains and pull off the road and look back during the winter on the Cache range, you can see Saddle Mountain baring off of snow before any of the other mountain ranges in the area, except for the Millville face. The Millville face tends to bare off at about the same rate. Very interesting pictures. BA: So you have a weather condition there and you also have pre-existing patterns in the wildlife that they’re already coming down to those areas probably for those very reasons. DA: That’s correct. BA: So no other downsides then to the feeding operations? DA: Costs. The costs almost never justify what you pick up in survival. The costs are just enormous, even with free man-power it becomes extremely costly. If you have organizations such as the Mule Deer Foundation or the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation that are supplying the money to run the feeding operation then it helps everyone. But the costs are just prohibitive to do it. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  11   �BA: So those might be some of your partners then, in that. DA: You have to have the partners in feeding. BA: Are there any other partners that would help– would the cities assist in any way? DA: Oh, sometimes; private organizations sometimes do, ranchers do. It’s pretty variable, depending on what the interest is. You could just about have any group volunteer to help, and they do. BA: Even like scouts? DA: Scouts have helped; Pheasants Forever have helped, Audubon I think has helped. So it’s just a matter of who is interested and wants to put a little money into it. BA: Just so our listeners can understand the feeding operation, you are via truck delivering the food to the sites on a daily basis? A weekly basis? DA: A daily basis. BA: A daily basis. So all those sites have to be accessible in any kind of weather? DA: Right. So you have to be able to go up on a vehicle. Now on a couple of occasions we stock-piled materials away from the road. The guys went in there on snowmobiles and daily took out a little bit out of the feed stock. But that was only one case. Generally speaking, you have to have access. BA: So what time of day do you re-stock this? DA: Oh, it doesn’t matter – just when the volunteers have time. BA: Okay. DA: In the evening is usually the case, but some people did it in the morning. BA: It’s interesting to me because we have one of those in North Logan where there is food being put in and I go up and see that it’s there, but I didn’t know what the parameters were with it. But that’s fairly serious when you’re talking about the snowstorms, like you’re mentioning in 2002 – DA: Yes. BA: -- significant snows like that and you have animals dependent on the food brought out. DA: That’s right. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  12   �BA: The dinner bell. DA: It was a very drastic situation because we had all the factors line up: we had massive over-winter loss on the Cache National Forest that year. It was interesting, they got all ready for the Olympics and the storm was supposed to come in and drop all this snow in Salt Lake, but it didn’t make it to Salt Lake. It dropped it all in Cache Valley. And it was such a heavy storm – there are some people that think there was cloud seeding that went on for the Olympics, and that was one of the reasons that it was such a heavy storm. But that’s never been verified. BA: And there’s a very distinct line where that snow – DA: That’s exactly right. BA: Yes, yes. DA: We really got hammered! BA: That’s very interesting. You know, it’s interesting too for me to look at the transition of the research when you’re saying there were other things you could’ve collected for other kinds of reasons. And that’s helpful, I think, for the listener to understand how that transition happens. But you also mentioned then that as you leave and as either people retire or as policies change, that some of those activities don’t continue. Could you talk a little bit about that? DA: Yes, that’s pretty true. We have transitioned in natural resources. Logan Canyon is a good example from the biologist in charge spending most of their time in the woods and in the field, to spending most of their time in the office and on the computer. This is a transition that has taken 30 years. When I retired, I was probably the only wildlife biologist left in the state that spent at least half my time in the field. I was probably spending 65-70% of my time in the field. I was shocked when my colleagues were saying how little time they spent in the field anymore. An example was one of my colleagues (and I won’t say who) we were talking about his work and he says, “Well, I do the same job you do, but I’m only spending 10% of my time in the field anymore.” And that was the figure he gave, 10%. I was dumbfounded because biologists just did not use to do that. Because it takes so much time to deal with questions, and public, and telephones and trying to keep up with the bookwork and the computers – I wouldn’t do it! And didn’t do it. But it’s a real transition. So when a biologist sets up transects and data collection means, the new biologist probably doesn’t have the time to do it, plus the fact that the new guys taking over do not have the background in knowing how to do some of these methods. BA: Why is that? DA: They just didn’t learn. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  13   �BA: So the NR training has changed? DA: The NR training has changed and we don’t teach field methods very much. Summer Camp did at USU. Summer Camp is gone. We just don’t teach field methods hardly at all anymore. A good example is when Chris Peterson started her doctoral study and needed to learn how to measure browse and vegetation in the field, I was the one that taught her. Not the State Division of Wildlife because there’s nobody that knows how to do it. BA: And normally a student like that would have received that training somewhere in there. DA: You would think, but it’s not being taught hardly anymore – anywhere that I am aware of. Because we don’t use it anymore. We don’t use it, we don’t go out and we don’t collect browse transects, we don’t determine over-winter use. We probably don’t even collect pellet group samples to determine density of deer on winter ranges. We don’t look at the range conditions like we used to, and it’s because we just don’t have the expertise or the time to do it as biologists. BA: So it’s an expertise and experience factor, but it’s also time and cost? DA: Time and cost. We have switched over from field work to data sets that we use instead. And instead of having the biologist go out every year and look at his range, we have the range trend crew which looks at the area every five years. So every five years we get a piece of data that looks at long-term trends, but we have no idea what’s going on in those intermediate years. Instead of going out in the field and looking at elk and trying to do moose like I used to do and classify them, now we use helicopter counts and that’s what we rely on. Helicopter counts are great: they give us some of the best data we can possibly get. But that’s what we rely on because it’s quick, it’s easy. It’s very expensive but it’s effective. So we use helicopter counts to count elk and moose. And that works extremely well, it gives us good data sets, and then we don’t do anything else. BA: Well, exactly. When you talk about the deer in the previous station data that you collected – you’re getting the number, but you’re not getting the quality. DA: Yes. BA: So you know, quantity, but not quality of a population. DA: Right. We use harvest numbers and modeling to determine our populations. But the relationship of the number of animals and the range conditions is not looked at except every five years. And then only during the summer – kind of a situation that only gives us long-term trends. And the long-term trends are not good. That’s true for Logan Canyon. We are losing our browse and our vegetation and our carrying capacity for deer a little bit every year. In the 1950’s, Art Smith stated that curl-leaf mountain mahogany was providing the (now I’m trying to remember exactly how he said it) – it was one of the top three, if not the number one browse species in terms of winter diet for mule deer on the Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  14   �Cache unit. Now you’d have to find a very big mule deer to reach that vegetation because it’s all been highlined. BA: Right. DA: And now the elk have used it up to the point that they can hardly reach it. The moose are having a hard time too. So we have lost that vegetation, not because of over-use, but just because of the maturity of the stands; because curl-leaf mahogany does not reproduce. But the point is that we are gradually losing the carrying capacity of many of our big game winter ranges. Logan Canyon is a good example where we have lost considerable carrying capacity. You go up on the mountain and you look up there and you see junipers all over the place – but there is nothing else. There is very little understory left under it because it has all been utilized extremely heavily, then you get decadent plants that are low in productivity, no reproduction and then you get mortality. And it’s hard to get it back. BA: So you’re talking about major stand structural changes? DA: Major stand structural changes, yep. Also whenever we had fires on our winter ranges, we end up with cheat grass. As you know from experience trying to plant, it takes a lot of effort to re-plant browse and often we don’t get much success. I know of places where we have replanted areas, oh five or six times, and still have almost nothing coming back. A lot of it is because of the difficulty of south and west facing slopes that dry out quickly and then the competition with the non-native weedy species. BA: So it sounds like a wave that is just getting stronger and larger and almost – I mean what does it take to turn that wave? What does it take to make a major change? DA: Well, the best thing that we can do on most of these ranges is to re-incorporate livestock grazing. Because it was livestock grazing that got us our good winter ranges. Then as we developed we gradually removed livestock from our winter ranges and built houses or we just – on the Forest Service grounds, some of the BLM ground – we just don’t graze it anymore because of the difficulties of highway traffic in the bottom of the canyons. It just doesn’t get grazed. Most of our foothill ranges are a climax community as a grassland. If you go way back to when the pioneers came into the Salt Lake Valley and a few years later up here in Cache Valley, our foothill ranges were grasslands and there were no deer because they needed browse to sustain them in the winter time. It was the livestock grazing that created the browse complement. Then as livestock were reduced (beginning about 1935), we gradually lost our browse complement in many areas. BA: Why was the reduction in 1935? DA: The mud rock slides of the 1930s from overgrazing caused all of a sudden land managers thinking to go to more of a conservative grazing strategy, especially for the Forest Service. We had the mud rock slides and they did contour trenches on mountains (which you can still see in places). So watershed became more important than livestock Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  15   �production and that’s when grazing numbers began to decline. They’ve continued to decline even to today because of those kinds of concerns; erosion and over-utilization. Riparian and adjacent habitats are extremely important also. BA: So at the mudslide point in 1935 – DA: In that era. BA: In that era, in that time period – you’re talking about the Wellsville concern? Would that be one of the examples with the overgrazing on the Wellsvilles? DA: Well, I think it was really broad-spread. In that time period, every landowner that could, had livestock. We were running cattle and sheep on these mountains to the point where they were creating dust areas on the meadows in the summer. It was just extremely overused. And it was not just Utah, it was the intermountain area, totally. If there was a blade of grass, watch out! It was probably going to get eaten. [Laughing] But it did create winter range for us. That winter range gradually increased from, from when the pioneers first came here, probably reached a peak right in the 1930s someplace in terms of development. But our deer population hadn’t caught up with it yet. So our deer population probably maxed out in the 1940s. It took a few years to catch up with all that vegetation productivity. Of course we had some bad winters in there too, which kind of reduced those herds and kept them down. Then once the deer population got really heavy, then they started overutilizing that winter range forage base which caused it to reduce gradually. Not only from lack of reduction in livestock use, but from over-utilization by deer. So those two factors. BA: Okay. [Stop and start recording] BA: Alright, we’ve turned the tape back on again. And I’d like Dennis to mention – he mentioned early on that he was born and raised in Salt Lake – but was there any connection with any family land use traditions that you can think of? DA: Not directly, but indirectly, yes. My father came back from the war. He and his brother found a stream up near Coalville. It was the south fork of Chalk Creek. At seven years old I began fishing in that stream on private property. I’ve continued to fish that every year, with the land owner’s permission since (and got to know them very well). In about 1995, I first started talking to the family about putting their land into a conservation easement. Last year they put half of it in – about 2500 acres – and this year they’re planning to put the rest of it in. BA: That must be gratifying! Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  16   �DA: That was kind of my long-term connection with them. They thanked me for it. They said, “You are the first one that ever suggested this.” So that’s a connection. Then about 1993 I sat my family down because we’ve been saving money for about ten years, we had an old van and we needed to replace it and we also found a piece of land up in Wyoming that was for sale that I really liked. So I sat the family down and asked them, “We’ve got $8,000 in the bank, how should we spend it?” And the kids said, “That’s not a question!” [Laughing] We bought 40 acres up in Wyoming! BA: Great! DA: I’ve written about that. That became a family connection that has done our family tremendous good. BA: And whereabouts is that? DA: Oh, that’s just inside the Wyoming line on your way to Jackson on the little stream called Cold Creek. BA: And when you mention that you’ve written about that, where -- ? DA: Oh, that’s in my Herald Journal writings. BA: Okay. It’s interesting because you open that up with direct and indirect connection with family, but your father got you started fishing. You must be very proud of what that grew into as far as working with the family. DA: Oh yes. My daughters are better fly fisherman than I’ll ever be – they’re better than my sons! [Laughing] BA: You’ve returned to that stream with them? DA: Oh yeah. Every year for – I was seven – so it is 54 years. And good relationships – I see the land owner almost every year. Of course, the original landowner has passed on and now we’re looking at his sons (which are also very old now). But it looks like they’re going to get it all into an easement. BA: That’s great. DA: So, nice piece of protection. BA: So it’s not only your immediate family, it’s also families that you connect with – in this case, through a landscape connection with the creek. DA: Sure, oh sure. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  17   �BA: Can you just explain for our listeners that are not in natural resources what a conservation easement is? What it means to that family and what it means to the landscape there. DA: Sure. Conservation easements started about 1994 in Utah (there might have been a few before that, but not many). What it is a landowner has a bunch of land, usually contiguous (like maybe anywhere from 40 acres, to 10,000 acres). Then this individual decides that instead of having this land available for development (which basically all our private land will become), they decided to retain this land as an agricultural base. So they contract with an agency or an organization, such as Utah Open Lands, or Nature Conservancy, or Utah Forestry and Fire Control, or Division of Wildlife and they set up a conservation easement so that the buyer of the easement buys the development rights of the land. Once the development rights are bought, that land can no longer be developed. But the landowner has the complete control as to what he wants to develop on it; so if he wants to eventually put cabins on it (five cabins, two cabins, one cabin, no cabins), roads – the landowner says what will happen to this land down in the future and puts those restrictions on it. Then the conservation agency buys the rest of the development rights. The landowner receives the money for those development rights (usually at about 75% of the appraised value of those developments) and then it becomes a permanent piece of agricultural or range land that preserves our environment and our agricultural base. For many landowners they don’t want to see it developed. Some of them want to see it developed a little bit for their kids and maybe their grandkids, but they want the agricultural base to retain it’s integrity. That’s the reason that we started developing these easements and now they’re becoming very popular. Evan Olsen did the very first one here in Cache Valley, from an agricultural standpoint. There was one before that, but it wasn’t for agriculture it was just for land preservation. BA: And with this family, they were obviously interested in protecting that landscape in perpetuity – DA: Correct. BA: -- so the parents at that time, and then the children, were in agreement? DA: The parents had passed away before they began to talk about this easement. But the two brothers and three sisters (I believe that’s correct), they decided they wanted to keep it in a family agricultural ranch where they could raise livestock. It takes about 5,000 acres of rangeland, with some irrigated cropland for hay and so forth, to be able to make a living on the land; about 5,000 acres is what it takes. A family can make a living on that land, and once it’s sold into an easement, it will retain that ability into perpetuity. BA: Now, have you worked on other conservation easements? DA: I haven’t worked directly on very many, but I’ve sure encouraged a lot of land owners to do it. When I ran for the legislature (and that was 2002, I believe, or 2003), there was almost nobody signed up to put their lands in conservation. Because they didn’t understand it. They were in control of whatever they wanted and that was one of the Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  18   �tenants of what I ran on. By the time I got done (even though I lost by a landslide), we had 40 or 50 people that were interested in putting their lands into conservation easements. And that has continued. We have more people applying for it than there is money available. BA: Right. DA: To buy them. BA: Right, interesting. That, again, must be very exciting from a wildlife biologist perspective, to see those parcels. DA: Oh yes, being protected. BA: Right. DA: You know when John White did his in the south end of the valley – that was the first really big one that was being done. There’s one being done over in Bear Lake valley – probably I shouldn’t give names. BA: That’s fine. DA: I think it’s 2,000 acres, and that’s been encouraged. Then there’s a bigger landowner over there that owns about 7,000 acres that I just talked to a few weeks ago. He said, “Well, I’m thinking pretty seriously about it now, but I want to see what this one does.” Then there’s one over on the east side of Bear Lake that is in an extremely highly wildlife productive area that the family has been working on for several years – I have written letters for. That looks like that’s finally going to go. That’s extremely expensive because it has shoreline associated with it. BA: Oh, sure. DA: So we’re getting a few. If we had more money from the state or other agencies, we’d probably have a lot more of them. BA: But it could be a partnership between the state, and you also mentioned TNC (The Nature Conservancy). DA: It’s really variable as to who holds the conservation easement, who buys it. BA: Okay. DA: Whoever has the money to buy it will buy, and then they hold it. And I’ve never seen one reversed. The landowner can sell it, but the conservation easement stays on the deed perpetually. I have never seen one reversed. It would take an enormous amount of money to get one to reverse. I’ve seen them changed – where they’ve set up an easement on a Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  19   �parcel of land and then decided that they wanted to expand it. So they re-write the easement; eliminate the first one and re-write the second one. BA: So expand it to include more land? DA: To include more land. BA: So like an addendum to the original? DA: Correct. But that’s the only case I’ve seen it changed. And I’ve never seen one reversed. BA: Interesting. And then just one last question on conservation easements with Utah – where are we in terms of the national perspective on easements? Do you know? DA: I guess I’m really not sure where we’re at on the national basis. We’re probably about as far along as other places. I know back east they’re concerned about agricultural production in certain areas has become so critical that they are now – cities and towns are going out and buying conservation easements just to maintain agricultural base near cities. Because the development has become so broad; so widespread. Where are we at in Utah? I think we’re doing pretty good in this state. I’ve always thought – and what I proposed was – for every acre of land that is developed, we should put an acre of land into an easement for range or especially agricultural production. But that hasn’t happened yet. You know, we’re losing about 500 acres in Cache Valley a year, and we’re almost getting that much in conservation easements now. So we’re getting closer. BA: So you’d like to see a 1:1 ratio? DA: Yes, I would. BA: Thank you. That’s a little bit of a diversion, but – DA: It was. BA: Very interesting in terms of what’s happening in Cache Valley. Especially something that was a connection for you early on and how that has translated into policy, and especially long-term policy. So thank you for answering all of my questions on that. DA: [Laughing] You’re asking a lot more than I ever expected. I thought I would be out of here in ten minutes! [Stop and start recording] [Tape 2 of 2: A] BA: This is Barbara Middleton, I am here with Dennis Austin. We are on Tape 2, side 1, and this is our February 18, 2009 interview. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  20   �What I’d like to move into now is a look at policies that have impacted some of the areas of Dennis’ work. One of the things I’ve asked him to explain is a little bit about state’s authority. And then also the idea of what would be some of the policies that would be very helpful in terms of wildlife in Logan Canyon. But let’s start with state’s authority. DA: Well, this is a complicated issue because the way that the United States is set up, the rules and regulations of land and wildlife management may not have been the best way. Because the states were given the authority to manage the wildlife, and that’s their perusal; but the land management agencies manage the land. Sometimes, the two are not exactly compatible because of the people use factor. From a wildlife perspective, if you manage land particularly for wildlife you generally eliminate people use. A good example of this is on our wildlife management areas; in about 1996 I initiated a program where these wildlife management areas were on big game winter range (such as the Millville face, such as the Richmond wildlife management area, and then the one over in Rich county). We began to exclude people use totally from December 1 through April 31 to maximize the use and availability of those lands for wildlife, because that’s what they were purchased for. If you could eliminate all people use (at least at critical times) on the Forest Service and the BLM, you would maximize your opportunity for wildlife. But you can’t do that because you’ve got the people factor in there and you have to provide for recreation. So it becomes a balancing act for the Forest Service to try to manage their lands so that they are providing for people but also for wildlife resources. One of the examples that we dealt with in terms of developing land planning and policy was with the Forest Service about eight or nine years ago when they were in one of their planning regimes. The snowmobilers in the winter wanted to open up the Temple Fork and Spawn Creek area – totally open up to snowmobiling. Well, from our aerial surveys of (we’ll talk about elk, but also moose to a lesser degree) we found that that’s where a very large herd of elk stayed all winter. They stayed in that Temple Fork and we knew that they would be moved out by snowmobile use. I’d been going up there on my skis in the Spawn Creek area since at least the mid-1970s. I skied up there every year and the elk would use the creek as a travel lane when the snow got deep. They would sit up there in those curl-leaf mahogany stands. I think we convinced the Forest Service to leave at least part of that area excluded from snowmobile use, to maintain some wildlife habitat that we knew was heavily critical to our elk up in that area. So, that was one example where we came together and I felt like the agencies worked together pretty good. BA: Are there any other examples in Logan Canyon that you can think of? DA: That’s the only one that really came to fruition that really seemed to work for everyone. I think that the snowmobiling group kind of got on it and said, “Yeah, we can back off a little bit here.” Now the use has increased so much from the skiers and the snowshoers, I’m not sure that it’s that effective anymore. Because when I used to go up there, I’d go up there on my skis and I did my curl-leaf mountain mahogany study up Spawn Creek and it went for a full year. I’d go up and collect samples of the trees for nutritional Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  21   �analysis on a bi-weekly basis. I’d go up there and ski up one day and then I’d come back two weeks later and I would ski over my same tracks. There was nobody else up there – nobody! There were no snowmobiles – they were almost non-existent – and no other skiers because I was the only one. I would do that all winter and once in a while I’d cut another ski track, but it was really unusual. Usually I’d ski up there all winter and I would be the only track up there! [Laughing] BA: Wow! DA: But it was kind of fun. BA: You’re still going up there now? DA: I still do. BA: So the changes you’re seeing are what? DA: Vegetatively, not much. You know, the Forest Service has done an excellent job in putting the new road up there and rehabilitating the old road along the stream. Vegetatively we haven’t seen many changes. In terms of animal use, there’s a little bit. I think the elk are pretty much moved out of there now for a large part of the winter, where they used to stay up there the whole winter. I know because I used to see them. The moose are still up there in the curl leaf mahogany forest type, and their numbers are probably comparable to what they were before. The birds are still there. The forest in the winter time situation hasn’t changed probably hardly at all. Still a few bobcats; still cut a cougar track once in a while. A few years ago I cut a wolf track for the first time. I know it was a wolf because I followed it for a long way, so we know they’re coming in too. But the wolf is probably the newcomer, coming back of course. Most of the vegetation really hasn’t changed. The fishery hasn’t changed very much; it does have heavier pressure, but most guys can’t catch fish anyway! BA: Well, now there were severe road changes up there, or significant road changes. DA: Oh yes. BA: There was that high road that was put up and around. DA: Yes, and that was an excellent move. Except the only bad thing about it is that it changed my breeding bird survey route. BA: Oh! [Laughing] DA: I had to realign my stops on my BBS routes, but other than that it was great. And I can handle that. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  22   �BA: I never saw the area before the road went in because I haven’t been here that long, but I’d seen previous pictures and it looked like it was a great addition to – DA: They did a great job on that. That was a fantastic, very excellent job. And it did a lot of good; the planning has done a very good job. So, kudos to the Forest Service on that one. BA: That’s great. You know, it’s interesting to talk about policy because one of the things that I think about is policies that are directly the front door of the agency, like NEPA, you know in terms of the public involvement process and a direct impact on the agency. But then there are also policies that are very external to resource management that begin to affect your work or people’s access, or quantity of use, or change of use. When I think of policies like within the industry of snowmobiling or cross-country skiing and technical – maybe they’re not policy changes, they’re technical changes. But they begin to affect policy on the landscape as far as what – like the Yellowstone condition. If the manufacturers make changes in snowmobiles then will Yellowstone take a different look at their snowmobile policy? Because of an air quality or noise reduction, or whatever. So can you think of policies that would be external that have maybe had some impacts on your work? Or some of your research? Or just some of the changes you may have seen. [Stop and start recording] DA: Okay, the BLM for instance, they graze most of the ranges all summer long on season long grazing on sage grouse ranges and sage grouse is kind of a sensitive species. One of the areas over there [Rich County] had a good lek on it, it was called the Otter Creek Lek. We researched that over a couple of years to find out where those birds were going. Sure enough they were all on BLM grounds, and it was being grazed on a season long basis. I recommended to the Bureau of Land Management to build one fence line in addition to the ones they had there because most of the birds were nesting in this one area. Because of the cattle grazing in there, their nesting success was not very good. There was more open ground, there was more predator potential (especially from eagles and raptors and that sort of thing). So our reproductive rate was pretty shallow. I asked them if they could just fence that off during the months of June through mid-July until the chicks were big enough to be able to kind of survive on their own a little bit. That would have increased our reproductive capacity. Then they could go and still graze it at the same level and not change their animal months of livestock use in there. Well, they weren’t able to do it. If they would have been able to change that policy I am still convinced that it would help that sage grouse population in that area immensely. BA: Okay. DA: That’s an example maybe of a policy that could be changed without affecting the land owner or the grazer, but would have positive effects on wildlife. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  23   �BA: That’s great, no that’s a great example. Anything else that you can think of? Well I’m sure in your time period of 30 years there were so many policies that you have run across your desk. DA: Out in the deserts on the summer ranges, the cattle stay there year long. The question that we started out with there was – and it applies to summer ranges on the Cache and other places too – the question is, “Can livestock grazing on summer range affect big game?” The general answer is, no, they don’t. Except when the grazing becomes so significant that they begin to remove the browse complement of the vegetation on the summer ranges. When the grazing gets to that point, then they’re affecting mule deer because they’re pushing them to alternative areas, and they are affected. But until you get to that extreme type of grazing, you are not affecting them on summer range. So what we said to the Forest Service on that, and the BLM, was that, you know it’s fine to graze these livestock to that point, but once they reach that point of extreme overgrazing on these summer ranges then you need to pull them off. Because that’s when the deer put on their fat for the wintertime, so they need the berries [and fall vegetation]. BA: Okay. DA: But until they reach that point, you’re okay. So if you end your livestock grazing at the first [of] September for at least half the area then you’re probably really well off, because the deer will find those areas that aren’t being grazed. But there is a competition potential, say from the last week in August through most of the month of September. That’s the only time that it’s there. BA: So it’s a timing – you could remove them during that – DA: It is. BA: Remove the cow during that time. Is it also a lack of other vegetation available that would push them into the browse? DA: Yes, it is. They’ve eaten everything else up. BA: Okay. DA: Now they’re all of a sudden eating the stuff they don’t particularly care to eat, but they’re hungry so they’re eating it. Now wildlife do not need all the area. You’ve got a 5,000 acre range, you could put 2,500 or 2,000 acres for the wildlife and they migrate in there. And they do. And then they would have that for them. That’s kind of a rest-rotation grazing system that works. It really works for wildlife. BA: Great. I’m going to do a little change here with a question – you have two books that are sitting here that I’d like to find out a little bit more about. DA: I’m not sure I want to talk about them. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  24   �BA: Okay! [Laughing] DA: Because they’re not published. BA: Well then let me go back to in terms of some of your influences in your interest in wildlife management and especially in the big game, but also in just conservation in natural resources in general. Do you have any significant books that you can remember that were fairly pivotal for you? And in the same light, when I think of – you’ve mentioned some people – but were there significant people along the way? Your dad took you fishing and that was an interesting connection for you, especially with that conservation easement part. But books or people? DA: Well, I’ve said for years – this gives me a chance to vent one of my frustrations that I believe that USU (and every other college of natural resources anywhere) is remiss in not offering a course in classic readings in natural resources. We do not do that here. I don’t think we’ve ever done it here, and it really should be done. BA: And what would you include? DA: Well first I would go out and survey as many professors and as many universities as I could and just ask them, “What would you want your students to read as far as the background of natural resources?” So you would want to read Leopold, you would want to read The Monkey Wrench Gang group, Desert Solitaire, you’d want to read Stegner; you’d want to read probably some stuff I tell you Roosevelt, Gifford Pinchot, a number of authors, certainly Silent Spring (Rachel Carson). Maybe a dozen or so books that you would want to have in that reading group. I think my reading of all of them has been effective. I think it really kind of set me in motion as to what really natural resources finally is about. For example, as I read Stegner’s stuff, especially his book Beyond the Hundredth Meridian, he talked about how in the early days the surveyors and the early explorers, they knew the west was dry and they tried to get congress to build state lines along watershed boundaries, rather than the straight lines that we have. But they couldn’t quite get the votes in congress because congress wanted to make it real easy rather than along watershed boundaries. It was close, they almost got it. It was a shame that they didn’t, and it’s a shame that we don’t go back and redo the state boundaries. BA: Um-hmm. DA: But those are some of the books that I thought were pretty influential. I think that Dr. Colthrap was probably very influential to me in my first few years at USU. BA: And that was the watershed person? DA: Yes. Dr. Hanks over in Agriculture who was my thesis director for my Master’s degree (which was in soils) [laughs] was very influential. Fred Gifford who was my Master’s Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  25   �thesis committee chair was also – I had a really unusual schooling! And then Phil Urness and Dr. Smith when I got into my professional work. BA: Art Smith. And what was the first name? DA: Arthur. BA: But you’d mentioned – DA: Oh, Phillip Urness. BA: Phillip Urness, okay. DA: U-R-N-E-S-S. BA: Thank you. DA: We did a lot of stuff together. I think I’ve got 53 technical publications, I think most of them are done with Phil. BA: So the first three people are really your education? DA: Yes. BA: Influences in your education. DA: Right. BA: And then Art Smith was also here. DA: He was my first boss. BA: That sounds very much like a very close colleague in terms of Urness and publications. DA: Yes, we were. He was my boss but we worked really good together for years. BA: Okay, so those are two DWR employees? DA: Well, no they were university. BA: They were USU? DA: Yes, and they were very influential. BA: Is there something you can describe about that influence that was important to you that you can think of? Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  26   �DA: Well it was really good because a lot of times university professors will take publication credits – first authorship – for their students on their publications. In the early days when I first started, we sat down and we decided that we weren’t going to it that way. We decided that whoever did most of the work was first author. Everything that I did in terms of fieldwork I was first author on, with one exception. That one exception was when it was kind of on the border and I took second author on that. That was a tremendous incentive to do it right! I think I said I have 53 publications, I have one rejection; one paper I was never able to publish. So that’s a pretty good percentage. BA: Yeah, no kidding! Going back to the books, when you look at all of those books, those are dated in time, but not dated in importance. DA: Correct. BA: Are there some current titles that you would look at that you think of emerging or have emerged as being important? Because my guess is that you are a big reader. DA: I read a fair amount. I haven’t read any of the newer stuff that I was as impressed with, very honestly. BA: Okay. DA: You know, I go back and I’ll read Leopold or Muir and I’ll get a lot out of it. To me, and maybe I’m wrong, but to me the older authors (including Audubon and these guys) they were on the field, in the land and looking at the land from an inside point of view. The authors that I’m reading today are extremely good writers and they have more knowledge available to them, but it’s like their looking at the system rather than within the system. That’s kind of my view. Even though a lot of it is emotional and there’s lots of great experiences, I just feel like there’s a different point of reference from what I’ve read over the last several years. BA: Well and based on some of the other things you’ve said, that seems to fit very closely with the idea of how NR has moved away from being as field based as it could. Because that experiential approach of field camp, classes in the field, and the work in the field; then when you become a professional, spending much more time – DA: Right. I just feel like that is the real difference. If you can show me a person that spends 80 or 90% of their time in the field and is still able to write, that’s the kind of stuff that I think you can really relate to. But I shouldn’t say anything because these authors are doing very well. BA: Oh yeah. DA: Some of them are doing very well. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  27   �BA: But as you’re saying, there’s a different orientation with that. DA: Um-hmm. BA: And we see that with other aspects: observation, experience, and that common knowledge. DA: Even some of the older writers you can look at some of the stuff they do, and you’re going, “he was there, but he’s looking at it rather than being in it.” There are some of the other writers that I don’t care for that express their views in that kind of a setting. BA: Hmm. Interesting. Well thank you. This has been fascinating. I have a feeling we have some unanswered questions here. I would like to maybe pursue it at a later date. What we’re going to do though, right now, is ask Dennis if there are any final comments that he would like to make. [Stop and start recording] BA: We’re going to pick up with Dennis again. DA: I’m going to talk about a few of the experiences and situations that have occurred in Logan Canyon over the years. The first one I’ll talk about is pine marten because in the early days we had pine marten on the Cache. They apparently died out around the 1930s because that’s the last time they were seen. And then the Forest Service (about 1995) transplanted about 20-30 pine marten from Island Park up in Idaho, to the Cache National Forest up in the Franklin and Gibson Basin areas. Those marten have taken and they are continuing to maintain their population up there to this time. Now I haven’t seen any in the last two years, but I used to go on my cross-country skis way back up from Beaver Creek all the way to Gibson Basin. Once you get to the Idaho line, everybody stops, but if you go further, you’ll run into habitat that is inhabited by marten. They’re still there and that’s an unusual species that is pretty neat to have around. BA: Could you describe the habitat that they really thrive in? DA: Mostly dense conifer; their major prey species are voles. But they’ll also eat red squirrels, which I’ve seen them chase. That’s fun to see if you’ve ever seen a pine marten chase a red squirrel, it’s really fun. [Laughing] BA: How do they do it? DA: Just as fast as they can go! Up trees, down trees, across the ground, over piles of wood. Annie and I saw that, a really interesting chase up in Yellowstone one year, coming out of Union Falls. But that was fun. So that’s the pine marten. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  28   �The wolverine is really a little more interesting because I’ve got a little more observation there. The question that came up years ago is, “Do we ever get wolverine on the Cache?” Wolverine, lynx, and the pine marten. And we talked about pine marten. In ten years we had one lynx that came into the Cache Valley mountains. The tracks were cut by me, and then two weeks later by a Forest Service employee. That’s the only verifiable lynx that I know of. But the wolverine. I began to ask sportsmen and Forest Service employees – anybody I could that was in the woods a lot – “have you seen a wolverine?” Over a ten year period I put together a map. And every time I’d get an observation that I felt like was probably a wolverine (like 95% -- if it was less 95% probability I’d throw it out). So everything I got is highly probable; then I would put a dot on the map. After ten years, I had like 20 dots and they are all centered in the same area. Like there was none over in Blacksmith Fork, there was none on the Wellsvilles, there was one over toward Monte Cristo: they’re all centered in the top of Logan Canyon, basically to the north of Logan Canyon near the top. BA: A forest type and elevation? DA: Yep, forest type; often in rocks, rocky terrain, but not necessarily. High Creek Lake has several reports up there. But they’re all centered in that Gibson area, Gibson Basin to High Creek Lake area. And we put together a little piece that I published in the Herald Journal on that. [In 1995] I saw a wolverine. [Before that the only one that I had scene was] when I was like 17 down in Salt Lake. [In 1995] I was skiing way back into Gibson Basin and had gotten almost back to the basin itself, but not quite. There’s a transitional zone there where the canyon gets steep and there’s some really warm micro-habitat in there. I cut through wolverine tracks – and it was an adult and a juvenile (because of the size of the two tracks). BA: What size are we looking at with these? DA: Oh, they’re about four inches in diameter – they’re between a cougar and a bobcat, generally, and they’re a furrier track and a little more round. They’re not easy to distinguish, but you can. I followed those two wolverine for a while and that was kind of a unique observation. So we do have wolverine on the Cache forest. They do get here once in a while; my guess is we have two to four permanent wolverines that range from Logan Canyon road, north clear to Soda Springs – in that entire range. BA: And they range in that area? DA: Yes. BA: That’s how large they range? DA: Wide, wide ranging critters. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  29   �BA: Holy cow! DA: That’s why we just don’t see them very often. BA: Right. DA: And since I wrote that article, I’ve had two more additional people call me about two sightings that I accepted were wolverines. On this particular study or analysis, I was probably rejecting about two thirds, to three quarters of the observations that people were giving me because they just weren’t good enough. BA: Do people document them with pictures for you? DA: No, no one had a picture. It was all either visual sighting – “I got a really good look at him, but I didn’t get a picture.” BA: Right. DA: In a couple of cases I accepted tracks, but they had to be good biologists, you know. They had to be able to say, you know, you could see the fifth claw and that sort of thing. BA: Interesting. Go back to the lynx for a minute. When you talk about they’re just so rare – what’s your reason for it? DA: And lynx are tied into snowshoe hare and the snowshoe hare population – that’s part of the reason I started snowshoe hare transects, is to find out what is going on with our population. Because the idea is that as you go further south from boreal forest type, that your population cycles: snowshoe hare populating go extremely high and extremely low. We didn’t know what it was doing here. That’s the only lynx that I have ever encountered one way or another. I don’t think they’re here. But the cougar is the really interesting. There’s a lot to be said on the cougar on the Cache District in Logan Canyon. The stories are innumerable. BA: Well tell us a little bit about your experiences with them. DA: Well my first experience with a cougar was when I was 16 or 17 (I can’t remember which) and I had a date and she forgot. So I went up the canyon and with a weak-beamed flashlight, I was hiking back in one of the canyons at night and I heard this scream. And it scared the daylights out of me. My teenage invincibility was gone, and I didn’t know what it was. It was a cougar. And since then we have had a lot of cougar experiences as a family. [Stop and start recording] [Tape 2 of 2: B] Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  30   �BA: Tape 2, side 2. DA: We [family] were camped outside Yellowstone Park and I had the kids with me and they were all pretty young. I thought everybody was asleep and I heard this cougar screaming – it was way out. We had the stream running by us, there was a little bit of water noise, and this cougar got closer, and closer, and closer. It screamed about every three or four minutes. If you’ve ever heard them scream (and very few people have) it sounds like a woman in mortal terror. That’s the best way to describe it. But the cougar got pretty close, and I said to the family (because I thought everybody was asleep), I said, “Is anybody awake?” Instantly Annie and every one of the kids sat up in their sleeping bags – they’d all been hearing it thinking everybody else was asleep! [Laughing] We pulled the kids out of their sleeping bags, threw them into the van (even though I didn’t think there was much danger), but I mean this cougar was screaming at the top of his lungs, and it was right by us. I got everybody into the van and turned my flashlight on and there – ten feet from the van was this cougar. You could see his eyes in that beam. There wasn’t much of a reflection, but you could see him right there. My kids can still remember it. [Laughing] BA: Holy cow! So why was he so gregarious with coming in? DA: Well, that’s the time when they’re breeding. BA: Okay. DA: He was calling, screaming for a mate – she or he, I don’t know which. What a great experience! When I took over the Cache position, we had a lot of cougar and not very many deer. The first year – they’d had one or two permits on the Cache Forest for years in terms of cougar harvest. The first year I just went into the RAC meeting not knowing very much and I asked for 30 permits. BA: Tell us what RAC is? DA: Regional Advisory Council for the Division of Wildlife Resources, which makes their recommendation to the board which sets policy. BA: Okay, and they’re made up of local citizens? DA: They’re made up of seven people – well the RACs are local people generally, that have an interest. Anyway, I went into that meeting and I ended up getting I think two permits that first year. I didn’t like that because I knew there were cougars all over the place. So the next year for the recommendation process, I prepared a two or three page summary of what Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  31   �was going on and took it first to a committee meeting of DWR biologists. At that time we had a biologist who was the predator manager– I don’t know what his title was, but he did cougars. We sat in this meeting and I said, “I want 30 permits because I’ve got 120 cougars on the Cache.” (Because that was my estimate.) He looked at me and he said, “Dennis, you don’t even have 30 cougars on the Cache, let alone 120!” (Actually I was asking for 40 permits, that’s right, I asked for 40.) He said, “You don’t even have 40 permits on the whole Cache!” And I called him by name and I said, “You give me 40 permits and three good weekends of snow and I’ll show you 40 dead cougars.” I got 35 permits, we had three weekends of snow, we killed 37 cougars. BA: Wow. DA: We went over our limit because some of the cougar hunters had gone out that last day when I had 34 and we ended up killing three the last day. [Laughing] So we got on top of the cougar population. It took us a few years to do it, but we got on top of it. BA: And then the deer population? DA: The deer population responded a little bit. Hard to say. You know, there are so many other factors involved. But we did get on top of the cougars. I had cougars coming out of my ears! I had people calling me. Dry Canyon in Providence in Canyon – we had a cougar that would come down in this lady’s backyard. I would go over there (of course I could never find it when I was there). Come hunting season I would send a cougar hunter right there. He went up that mountain, found a cougar and got it. I had a cougar just above Mantua, Malibu Campground – in that little housing place (I can’t think of the name of it off hand) and this cougar would come down and sit on the porch. It started growling at people – and we sent a hunter after that cougar. And we killed that cougar. Then we had the cougars in (oh, what’s the name of that canyon? Just above the Forest Service house in the canyon there.) BA: I know where you mean. DA: I can’t think of the name off hand. But we had sheep being killed up there by cougars in the summer. So we got ADC to go in there (Animal Damage Control), federal people, to go in there and kill these cougars. They didn’t kill one cougar – they killed five cougars in that one little drainage! You know the old concept was that cougars kill each other (and they do) and they’re very territorial and they still are because under the long-term environmentals where they developed over the last 10,000 years they had to be because the deer resource was very sparse. Since man came along we began livestock grazing, controlling predators; all of a sudden cougars have got all kinds of stuff to eat – they don’t have to worry about it as much. So my theory was they didn’t have to kill each other to maintain their territory, so they were all enjoying feasts. So that’s one of the reasons that I think cougar populations are much harder to control now is because they have – over the last century – adapted to a higher prey base than they ever had before. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  32   �BA: How do you know – when you look at sheep when someone called you out and they said, “we think it’s cougar” – how could you tell that it was not something else that had attacked that animal? DA: By the bite marks. BA: And what would they be? DA: They would be the bite marks – I am not an expert at that by any means. The ADC guys (the Animal Damage Control guys) are really experts. They can just skin it back, pull the skin back, and then they just look at the bite marks on the neck. That will distinguish a cougar practically every time. BA: Now did you ever work with trappers in your time? You mentioned ADC. DA: Not very much. A few trappers. The most interesting story was I had a trapper, I won’t tell you his name, and he trapped bobcat (because you can’t trap cougar). He was trapping bobcat and he was very successful at it for years (probably still doing it); a very good man, a very good trapper. I get this call one night and he says, “Dennis, I got a cougar in one of my bobcat traps.” It was night so I said, “Let’s go up and get it in the morning.” So we went up in the morning and hiked up the mountain where his trap was. Sure enough, there was a cougar in his bobcat trap. He said to me, “How are we going to release this?” Because he couldn’t do that. And I said, “There is no way in this world that either one of us is going to go try and release this cougar.” I had a gun and we just shot it. We killed the cougar. Then the interesting thing was we checked his next trap (which was just around the bend) and it also had a cougar in it! So we got two cougars in two bobcat traps right there. That was an interesting experience! BA: I can’t imagine even trying to release. DA: Yes, but they’re there. And we don’t know whether trappers, when they get cougars, would kill them or not. We just don’t know. It’s impossible to check them all. But it probably happens. We had a river otter taken one year in Logan Canyon. It was captured and killed by a trapper who was trapping beaver up there. He brought us this river otter; I think it is still frozen in one of our freezers some place! But that was the only river otter that I know of that’s been in Logan Canyon, except that about two weeks before we got the carcass, I had a report of a river otter in Logan Canyon that was seen sliding down (as they typically do) the snow banks into the river. BA: Oh my! DA: That report was by my son. One of my sons had seen it and I said, “Oh no, you must have seen something wrong.” Two weeks later, we get a river otter that had been trapped in the same area. Fascinating. BA: Hmm. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  33   �DA: The cougar situation is being controlled a lot better now and I think they’ve done a pretty good job. My best experience – and I’ve seen seven cougars in the wild over my career which is a lot. There is hardly anybody that can say that they’ve seen that many. The one that was the most unique was when I was classifying deer (it was in the fall) and I was coming up out of Garden City. I was about three miles up Garden City road – I was classifying deer – it was in the evening, late evening, and I see seven deer off to the side of the road. Well, the highway has a little turnoff there at the corner, so I pulled over to that little gravel area and got out and looked to classify those deer. There were four does and three fawns, I can still remember. I looked at them and the strange thing was they weren’t looking at me. They were looking a little off into the bushes. And I go, “what is going on?” Then all of a sudden – just simultaneously – they just ran! They were just gone, strutting away. I am looking around, and there (well I measured the distance, I can’t remember what it was), but it was like 30 feet or less was this cougar. BA: Laying low? DA: He’d been sitting there laying low in the bushes watching those deer, sneaking up on them. He was not happy with me; he stood up and just kind of cowered through the sagebrush. I watched him, [it was] quite an experience. BA: Oh! That would be. DA: That was fun. BA: I bet you had dozens and hundreds of those kinds of experiences with different kinds of wildlife in your career. DA: I have. BA: You know, especially with your comment about being so oriented to the field and then the family time that you’ve spent out. DA: Yes I did. There was a lot of wonderful experiences and things that, you know, you just can’t replace. You can’t replace them. BA: Well, thank you very much. This has been just thoroughly enjoyable. DA: For me too. BA: It’s really good talking to you. I appreciate it. [Stop recording] Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dennis  Austin       Page  34   � Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Where else is this found? Give the URL for the item, if it is in another respository (like CONTENTdm) <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/90">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/90</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Hosted by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Conversion Specs Recording equipment: Radio Shack Cassette Recorder: CTR-122 Transcription equipment: Power Player Transcription Software: Executive Communication Systems Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2012-08-22 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dennis D. Austin interview, 18 February 2009, and transcription Description An account of the resource Dennis Austin discusses his career in the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources and all the time in the field he spent and his role and opinions on various policies involved he also talks about his role in influencing and teaching land owners about conservation easements. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Austin, Dennis D. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Middleton, Barbara Subject The topic of the resource Austin, Dennis D.--Interviews Biologists--Utah--Interviews Austin, Dennis D.--Career in Wildlife Research Utah. Division of Wildlife Resources--Officials and employees Utah State University--Research Range management--Research Research and development projects--Utah Wildlife management--Research--Utah Wildlife research--Utah--Logan Canyon Deer--Research--Utah Deer--Feeding and feeds--Utah--Cache County Big game animals--Wintering--Research--Utah Browse (Animal food)--Research--Utah Conservation easements--Utah Habitat (Ecology)--Utah--Logan Canyon Habitat conservation--Utah--Logan Canyon Range management--Utah--Logan Canyon Natural resources--Study and teaching Puma--Control--Utah Wildlife resources--Subsistence vs. recreational use--Utah--Logan Canyon Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Oral histories Interviews Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah Millville (Utah) North Logan (Utah) United States Logan (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 1970-1979 1980-1989 1990-1999 20th century 2000-2009 21st century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections & Archives, Logan Canyon Land Use Management Oral History Collection, FOLK COLL 42 Box 2 Fd. 1 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. Inventory for the Logan Canyon Land Use Management Oral History Collection can be found at: <a href="http://library.usu.edu/folklo/folkarchive/FolkColl42.php">http://library.usu.edu/folklo/folkarchive/FolkColl42.php</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Fife Folklore Archives Curator, phone (435) 797-3493 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Logan Canyon Land Use Management Oral History Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FolkColl42bx2fd1DennisAustin Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 18 February 2009 Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 2009-02-18 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. Logan Canyon Reflections https://highway89.org/files/original/48c2d3ff0b4bc974e359d0c041d99fe6.pdf f2be8d23559be5f5901d72a334c16183 PDF Text Text UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE INTERMOUNTAIN REGION ADDR E SS REPLY TO REGIONAL FORESTER FOREST SERVICE BUILDIN G AND REFER TO OGDEN, UTAH November 28, 1961 Whitney Floyd, Dean College of Forest, Range and Wildlife Management Utah State University Logan, Utah J 0 Dear Whit: Because of your interest in the protection of the multiple resources of the national forests, we are enclosing a position statement and clipsheet of news items and editorial comment that we believe will be of interest to you. The Logan Canyon Highway construction project in Utah raises an important and basic issue that involves these resources on the Cache National Forest. Logan Canyon is known throughout America as a major scenic attraction. The beauty of Logan River and the fine trout fishing and recreation it provides have similar renown. The Forest Service recognizes the significant contribution to resource protection that the highway engineers have made through modification of the original design for this project . However, after very careful study by qualified individuals representing a number of different profeSSions, we have determined that additional changes are needed to meet minimum requirements for protection of scenic and fisheries valueso The decision has therefore been made to insist that these modifications be incorporated in the highway design as a condition for the issuance of a permit for highway construction through these national forest lands. Our purpose in furnishing this information to you is to insure full recognition of the basic issues at stake in this case. Among public land managers and conservationists throughout the country there is growing awareness of the adverse resource and scenic impacts of highway construction. Especially is this the case when the approach has typically reflected a philosophy of single rather than multiple use. The basic conflict is brought to focus in Logan Canyon. �Whether the threat be from road construction, as in this case, excessive livestock use, big game numbers beyond the capacity of the range to support, or fire, the end result is the same. Deterioration of the vegetation, loss of soil and destruction of mountain streams is too great a price to pay. Under a sound multiple-use approach the resources of Logan Canyon can be protected. The Logan Canyon Highway should be improved to meet present day traffic requirements on this section of the Federal aid primary system in Utah. (Fbr this project the proportionate cost share is 18% Federal and 22% State funds.) Improvement, however, cannot be allowed to result in resource impacts that can reasonably be avoided. An informed public, alert to the need for protection of the basic resources of public lands, will not allow this to happen - - - in Logan Canyon, or elsewhere in America. Sincerely yours, E. M. BACON Assistant Regional Fbrester Division of Information and Education -2- � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/1738">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/1738</a> Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies, scans, or prints of this item for fair use purposes, please see Utah State University's Reproduction Order Form at: <a href="https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php">https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php</a> Checksum 213426992 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 1198108 Bytes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Correspondence from Bill Bacon to J. Whitney Floyd, November 28, 1961 Description An account of the resource Correspondence from Bill Bacon to J. Whitney Floyd, November 28, 1961 about the Logan Canyon Highway. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bacon, E. M. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Floyd, J. Whitney Subject The topic of the resource Logan Canyon (Utah) Traffic engineering Roadside improvement--Utah--Logan Canyon Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Correspondence Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, 14.7.17 Box 8, College of Natural Resources, Dean's Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Special Collections and Archives, phone (435) 797-2663. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Highway 89 Digital Collections Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 14717Bx8Fd20_Item 42.pdf https://highway89.org/files/original/6f381dd4a1dce58b53ece557ce18706f.jpg 226e36f35d140ce69ac6c556800faf10 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 3886 Image Width Image Width in pixels 5763 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. 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Cline Library's Reproduction Order Form at: <a>http://archive.library.nau.edu/cdm/ordering/#ordering</a> Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/98410">http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/98410</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Danial & Alwin- Kenneth. Bridge in Oak Creek Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Barker, Florence Subject The topic of the resource Bridges; Canyon; Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Gelatin Silver print (black and white) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1942 ca. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Oak Creek Canyon (Ariz.);United States Highway 89A Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1940-1949; 20th century Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital surrogates are the property of the repository. Reproduction requires permission, please contact special.collections@nau.edu. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. 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Title A name given to the resource Trip with Kenneth to Oak Creek Canyon Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Barker, Florence; Subject The topic of the resource Bridges--Arizona; Rock formations; Trees--Arizona; Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Gelatin Silver print (black and white) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1942 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Oak Creek Canyon (Ariz.);United States Highway 89A Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1940-1949; 20th century Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. 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Scanning resolution Resolution in DPI 1200 Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example Grayscale Checksum 8DA696CD268CBE88C5FC507BDF5A18DC File Size Size of the file in bytes. 13162236 Conversion Specs Scanned by Northern Arizona University. Cline Library using Epson Expression 10000XL scanner, display file is JPEG. Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2012-01-27 Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order a print or digital file of this item, please see Northern Arizona University. Cline Library's Reproduction Order Form at: <a>http://archive.library.nau.edu/cdm/ordering/#ordering</a> Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/98408">http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/98408</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oak Creek Canyon Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Barker, Florence; Subject The topic of the resource Canyon; Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Gelatin Silver print (black and white) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1942 ca. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Oak Creek Canyon (Ariz.); United States Highway 89A; Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1940-1949; 20th century Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital surrogates are the property of the repository. Reproduction requires permission, please contact special.collections@nau.edu. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. 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Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2012-01-27 Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order a print or digital file of this item, please see Northern Arizona University. Cline Library's Reproduction Order Form at: <a>http://archive.library.nau.edu/cdm/ordering/#ordering</a> Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/98412">http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/98412</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oak Creek Canyon Arizona-Midgely's Bridge Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Barker, Florence; Subject The topic of the resource Bridges; Canyon; Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Gelatin Silver print (black and white) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1942 ca. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Oak Creek Canyon (Ariz.);United States Highway 89A Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1940-1949; 20th century Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital surrogates are the property of the repository. Reproduction requires permission, please contact special.collections@nau.edu. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Barker, Florence; Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context NAU_149793.jpg https://highway89.org/files/original/3d423ffab1028c6c597f8e1e304e6104.jpg dd92cb38d0282eb3a79757bf237f27b5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oak Creek Canyon Arizona-Midgely's Bridge Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Barker, Florence; Subject The topic of the resource Bridges; Canyon; Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Gelatin Silver print (black and white) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1942 ca. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Oak Creek Canyon (Ariz.);United States Highway 89A Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1940-1949; 20th century Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital surrogates are the property of the repository. Reproduction requires permission, please contact special.collections@nau.edu. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Barker, Florence; Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context NAU_149793.jpg https://highway89.org/files/original/44cc949f4d1ab54af154f544720ffd87.pdf a42c30fc7c7fe8afebeccab8505d6a3e PDF Text Text Ii -All -.» IlIte 2D4 day of t.oft.1Xll»r. Tlil A...., .. ",MliHT. ILLIA - .ot "'G"",.ot.I".r. ud." jlUNT abut,. 931. Wle leopa COIIllIJ. Arizona. NATIONAL HI 1 AY A I corpor.1! • otF'. O. 195:1. bel_ IAnoN. I C., • IcUnM,. Mulcopa r. •ArIZlOtl.. IT,., 'S 5 Ttl.It two loa" I ... IllOtJlI millie lhGr ot. I -wll 11lla • .orda J r.ll .ad ..,0lI<l til. lor r. " hoIh ttl " kb ere Ie eoIe. llIelual•••-ad ('rl,11III "ort . •ad 10 hoIh ot wllldllle 11M Ibe exdul ... copyrl frlDe 1_ tr 10: . ID«Itponlec1 (8. M.l.). ead. 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It may de m AIIvlubla, 1'1\ VID ud r.eorCllna or puN tbbr.u record Spcnwor nerelly • rcu tha, Ir wW pay oor 10 eXc;IIt.lil 3000 pUOIIOItapb ..ecor OJ! f~OlA JiliN!) 0.) ( 700. (0) OCI.L.ARS tOl' the CGllt (Ilar I" rlwel unI".. I .. rl lnal 3000 pilono of, ia &;;r __lit. t Spo'UOJ', tph reemellt .1W1 '.t _Ice, fonllwltb n.rc..... Itt ackIllIOll8l pllotzOirapil re erda r4 tbe afcc-e..ld d or bave addltl nal cop a of ..aid 80JlIJlI publl a~ produced ell. 4. Tbl. egeemcm ahall tel' 1.0&1:" II tilt . .plrallcD of flvo (5) ye .... l.a fcom due herod, u. nJ.l;~ IIOQMr ' ....mlDatQI! 11 .. I ... o!Jlbelor t:OP . the p.rue. barato pro.,14ed. rGulll lie( lbelr IIlIDdIIlbo day and y ar flrat abcwe wrlll D. -- ~~~~~=-"------­ ral WWIIIIII8, Compc.er 9' S INT I\NATIONAL HIGHWAY II a corporatlen, Spoa.or AT! . _\11.,._0-._BA,,ss.- - - - - I[a !icicreufY -2- OCIATION. INC., �5~O • Bill ,illiamn kvo . ~ 1ll1&J:l5 tlri1.0D8 b: ov . 6, I tl55 To all Directora, clo~ is a c OIY ot the contrect e nt~i into y e ! s:soc1ation ""ith Berny h.l11!~ f ol' t.ht;. prouuction or thG ....ger suDi' 011 records . fie terl:Ul of the (oont.r....ct. are liS direc;..tocl by tho J oard fit. th,* JtGll t1JiQ: in Salt Lt.,ko City Oct. . 2(j, t.h. 'I'he 8M103U t:::o W 1 3 f ol' y our r~co:.:.gIS . Berny a D he ael:JurCi:l tni :: lIonth. ~e 1111ama 1& ow ,torti · Oll the reC\)I".l9 SbO'l1lf be r e:.Lly for the r l.c or l1nJ CIt the :longs di~tr.l.Out1oli 081'01'0 the ODd 0 ThB A.ssociation ht\!I III s ecura i e.n tf£1ca i n l'ho8c lx "'hieh ..111 be thfl J.ruoDa otfice. 'l111:; (Itfi.c o, U50 Qf tho. ;,~b~ue, n:1 s"cr tcry to a.wer pholiO callG fot us 111 cost U le AiUCC1e.tiOll D cth1T~ .. S1r.cs 4ccot'.il.n," to too oontro.ct w1 t b B(U' be i:. to u1,str i ute the l"cc oro.e 1 t '11 o.ff'ord .. 'very h a.od,)"" , '·ln08 fl'Oll which to d..i.str1but.e tho1ti. It 1 s 1! I pl .w t.ha t. 1 ( 1 t'6 ueGte t or rooords be sent d b "J,t to t hat .!J.resB which wUl f.tciUt.te toe f.star handling of tbe r ecorda. be addres s of CUT ArizonA o!ri(:$ i& 1\) ...1 l!: . C3Jlmlback Rce.d boen1x .Ar1zQna Phone en 4- 7'fOU . Floft$l ma.k$ Q. record ot t hin for .fu ture r efe rence . I kV fI h &i no t'''~l¥ "ould " ppre~lat. bet\r1ll& tr05 yo-u. a t to our stt.ornoy. l\8 yet fT0;4 you t:'fJ{l icrdW. t e Cbtxter. r 8Q t.hat 1 cant tha lr fot'll.'lt 10D o ~o How 13 t he local cl\ b ilea "OT~ out? I w o ul ~ ap~r ~clc te nearing what progl'O:Ja. 15 br:lng 'IIIttdB in your corLlUDitio lSetting peoplo irrtel"6l1too. in tb ol'ganb t iOD anJ ,,'bother 4Ilj' clubn .1.£'O ae: y.t i n pl'oce3B or t ortidng. j;'l ,·.~c be of hlp . do l1_ot hee1tllte to call OD me i n ImY 'slip.; t a:t I c " n �r\. ,,--r-----~~~----~--//~ A"t<."tlm"" 1 THIS A 1 E 'MENT, made this 2nd day of November, 1955. between BERNIE WILLIAMS. of P. O. Box 931, Wickenburg. Maricopa County, Artzona. 2 "Composer. " and 89' ERS INTERNATIONAL HIGHWAY ASSOCIATION, INC. , a corporation, of P. O. Box 865, Wickenburg, Mar icopa County. Arizona, "Sponso , " WITNESSETH: THA T WHEREAS, the Composer warrants that he I. the composer of 7 8 two songs. including the t itle. word. and music thereat. to-wit: "Treasure 9 TraU" and "Beyond the Border, " both of which are his s ole , exclusive and 1 - 10 original work. and to both of which he has th exclusive copyright under con- I tract franchise to Broadcast MUSic , Incorporated (8. M. l.). and 11 12 ainat neither of which any adverse claim exists; 13 AND WHEReAS. the Sponsor Is desirous of having the two songs 14 15 aforesaid produced, publish d and recorded for distribut ion, sale and perform 16 ance thereof. in the furtherance of Its publlc relations program in promoting 17 its objects Including travel on O. S. Highway 89 and its foreign tributaries; 18 N , , THE EFOR!l. the parrtes have agreed as follows: 19 1. The Composer hereby agrees to produce and r ecor d or have pro- 20 duced an recorde three thousand (3000) phono 21 one of the aforesaid songB on one side thereat and the other of the aforesaid 22 23 aph recor ds. each containing I songs on the other side thereof. and distribute and sell the said phonograph 1 , 24 I r ecor s to the best of his abUity for a sum not less than seventy-five cents 2~ I (75¢) per record, paying and accounting each month during the ter m of this 2e agreement to the Sa::retary-Treasurer of the Sponsor cor porat ion for all pro- 27 ceeds from the sale of said records and publishing and performance of said 28 29 songs, including s eventy-five (75%) per cent of the royalties received under 30 the contract franchise concerning said songs from B. M.1. either during or 31 for the time this agreement is In effect. 32 2. The Composer further agrees to produce and r ecord or have pr o- OTHC B OOKS ATTOIlH.Y AT LAW T\.IClloH 1. ARI1C1NA -1- OTHO B OOKS "nORNEY AT LAW TUCSON . ARIZONA �duced and recorded such number of additional. pbonograpn r ecoros, eacn con1 taining the aforesaid songs as afor esaid, or publish the same , at the option of 2 the Sponsor , and distribute and s ell said pho~ograph r ecords to the best of his 3 abUity for a sum not less than 75¢ per r ecord, paying and accounting e ach 4 month dur ing tile term of this agreement to the Secretary -T r easurer of the 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sponsor corporation for seventy-five (75%) per cent of the net profit derived I from the sale (but not including gratis distribution by Sponsor) of said records I and publishing and performance of said songs , Including the royalties received under the contract franchise concerning said Bongs from D, M. l., either during or for the t ime this agreement Is In effect . 11 12 3. The Sponsor lIereby agrees that it w1ll pay not to exceed the sum of saVEN HUNDRED ($700. 00) DOLLARS for the cost of producing and r ecording 13 14 the 3000 phonograph records aforesaid, and thereafter pay the cost of producing 15 and r ecor ding or publishing said songs, 16 that In the event of the sale or distribution of all of the original 3000 phonograph 17 records together with all thos e produced and r ecorded therenfter at the option 18 of the Sponsor, before the full term of this agreement , the agreement shall 19 88 It may deem advisable; PROVIDED, ther eupon terminate unless the Sponsor, after notice, forthwith exercises Its 20 21 22 option to have additional phonograph r ecords of the afore said songs produced and r ecorded or have additional caples of said s ongs publlshed. 4. This agreement shall ter minate at the expiration of five (5) years 23 24 from date hereof, unless sooner terminated 20 26 her einbefor e provided, IN WITNESS WHER 'OF , the parties hereto have her eunto set their hlIods the day and year first abeve written . ~~ 27 28 29 89'E S INTERNATIONAL HlGHW AY ASSOCIATION, INC. , a corporation, Sponsor 30 31 88 ATT T: ~ By: I('{J v' ~ , Its Pr esident --~'~~~~~~~~--~~~~~~-- I 32 OTHO B OOK S ATTOII N I:Y A T I,.AW T\lCJlON I ..... II .ZO"" -2- O T H O B OOKS ATTOR N Ii:Y AT LA W TUCSON , ARIZO N A �LATIN AIRt RECORDS Lotin Aire Recording Co ., Inc. Nogales, Sonora , Mexico Vocal 3000·1 by ~ Mickey Hunt BEYOND THE BORDER (Bernie Wiliiams·Frank Barker) FRANK BARKER and his �-. ~ « .' LATIN' AlltL RECORDS latin Aire Recording Co " (nc. Nogales, Sonora, Mexico I 3000-2 Vocol by Mic ke y HUI TREASURE TRAIL (Be rnie William s -fronk BOrke r) " THE OFFICIAL 89'RS SONG " FRANK BARKER and his ~ C!:) • • ~, J 1 ~ .... ~. . ~ �LATIN AIRE RECORDS Latin Aire Recordi ng Co ., Inc . Nogales, Sonora , Mexico Vocal by , 3000·1 Mickey Hunter BEYOND THE BORDER (Bernie Williams- Frank Barke r) FRANK BARKER and his LATIN AIRES 45R·l080 �LATIN AIRE RECORDS Latin Aire Recording Co ., Inc. Nogales, Sonora , Mexico Vocol by: 3000-2 Mickey Hunter TREASURE TRAIL ( Bernie Williams-Frank Barker) " THE OFFICIAL 89'RS SONG" FRANK BARKER and his LATIN AIRES 45R-l081 � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Image Height 4025 Image Width Image Width in pixels 2564 Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/1314">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/1314</a> Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies, scans, or prints of this item for fair use purposes, please see Utah State University's Reproduction Order Form at: <a href="https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php">https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2013 Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner. Scanning resolution Resolution in DPI 300 Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example Grayscale Checksum 1891671966 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Treasure Trail and "Beyond the Border" by Frank Barker Description An account of the resource Treasure Trail and "Beyond the Border" by Frank Barker and Latin Aires, 45 record album, with the agreements by 89'ers for the production of these two songs. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Barker, Frank Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Williams, Bernie Subject The topic of the resource United States Highway 89 Music Tourism Alberta Route 2 Mexico Route 15 Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Music Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Research Craft Company Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 11/2/55 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Nogales (Mexico) Sonora (Mexico) Mexico Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1950-1959 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Edgar Bentley Mitchell Papers, 1950-1959, COLL MSS 322 Box 2 Folder 4 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. View the inventory for this collection at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv06356">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv06356</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Special Collections and Archives, phone (435) 797-2663. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Highway 89 Digital Collections Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS322Bx2Fd4 Highway 89; https://highway89.org/files/original/0b9702331cb03a29e4287af0cbb66f50.mp3 d9194660a07c0c2d5586679413fdc4ba https://highway89.org/files/original/d086d7694ee188f757e113a90fd883ee.pdf 7b7b84870fb24b512c88d9ec13c5c68d PDF Text Text LAND USE MANAGEMENT TRANSCRIPTION COVER SHEET Interviewee: Garth Barker Place of Interview: Downtown Logan, Utah Date of Interview: 4 February 2009 Interviewer: Recordist: Brad Cole and Clint Pumphrey Brad Cole Recording Equipment: Marantz Professional: PMD660 Transcription Equipment used: PowerPlayer Transcription Software, Executive Communication Systems Transcribed by: Transcript Proofed by: Susan Gross Brad Cole; Randy Williams (8 March 2011) Brief Description of Contents: Garth Barker discusses his involvement with issues regarding multiple-use access for the Logan Canyon. He talks about meeting with politicians about concerns. He also speaks about his experience as a member of Search and Rescue. Reference: BC = Brad Cole (Interviewer; Associate Dean, USU Libraries) CH = Clint Pumphrey (Interviewer; USU history graduate student) GB = Garth Barker NOTE: Interjections during pauses or transitions in dialogue such as “uh” and starts and stops in conversations are not included in transcribed. All additions to transcript are noted with brackets. TAPE TRANSCRIPTION [Tape 1 of 1: A] BC: Hi, this is Brad Cole from Utah State University Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives. It’s February 4th today; we’re visiting with Garth Barker in downtown Logan and we’re talking about Logan Canyon Land-Use Management Project. And also sitting in with us is Clint Pumphrey [USU Special Collections graduate student worker and project fieldworker]. Garth, I always like to start an oral history at the very beginning and ask when and where you born? Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Garth  Barker     Page  1   �GB: I was born in Logan, 1949. BC: Okay. So you grew up in Logan? GB: Been here all my life. BC: And if you don’t mind, maybe tell us who your parents were. GB: They’re still alive: Levere and Lunella Barker, and they’re still here. BC: And there were from Logan also? GB: Yes, not born here, but they moved here from other parts of Utah. BC: The project [Land Use Management] is working on Logan Canyon; and so maybe you could tell us a little about your experiences with Logan Canyon and land use issues that are -- . GB: Well, I’ll start in the beginning. Growing up here, before the valley grew so much, kids lived, you know around the foothills. That’s where you spent your time. Whether you were riding a horse or hiking or later on skiing; when motorized come along it was motorcycles and snowmobiles. Back in the [19]‘60s and the late ‘50s you didn’t have a mall; nobody went “downtown.” You bummed around the hills and because you are a product of your environment, that’s kind of where all your interest went. We hunted; at times you would start with the first season and go all the way through and fill the holes in with fishing. And of course, long time before the valley grew so quick; seems like only the last 15 years has all the holes filled in. Later on, around 1985-84, when the Forest Plan was being re-done at that time, they started closing things down. Way back during MJ Roberts time—he was the District Ranger at the time—and this come as a surprise. How could they do that? Why are they closing this down and closing that down. And at that time most of us had been exploring on with motorcycles, trail bikes, horses. Snowmobiles weren’t a big thing, but they come along with winter travel plans. And that started to affect the snowmobiling. At the time—up to about 1988-89—I was a skier. And I remember crossing the first other cross-country ski tracks one day, wondering who in the world was up here in my mountains, on skis like I was. Because before that I’d seen trappers (guys that were trapping using snow shoes) but I was the only one that I knew of on cross-country skis. And it was just purely for recreation; or sometimes you would go out on skis to hunt coyotes or something. But it was a shocker. So I tracked the guy down and it ended up being a guy and his girlfriend. And I had had my wife with me at the time. We set up on a sunny hillside and talked. But that was probably 19—that would have been about 1980—when I bumped on to the first other cross-country skier. But, pretty interesting. Then I got into snowmobiling about 1986; mostly to supplement my skiing opportunities in the winter. And you have to understand that during the summer it was still motorcycles and horses and four-wheel drive trucks. But things were getting shut down. And being involved with a lot of local people because the business here, the gas station and everything, attracted a good variety of people. You become like a barber shop; you become aware of the issues. And they were Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Garth  Barker     Page  2   �concerned and so I got involved. They made me the president of the Snowmobile Association. And that really forced me into it. And of course it’s gone on since then. BC: How long has there been a Snowmobile Association? Is it the new association, was that -- ? GB: It had been around a long time before I got involved. I think it was formed in 1975 by some of the locals out of Providence, Utah. And so it had been around a long time. And of course the machines grew and advanced and become a little more reliable about the time I was getting into it. It was a viable form of winter transportation. It should be excused! BC: [Laughing] GB: But there was also – for me it was a tool to get me into the backcountry so I could use my skis. BC: Um-hmm. GB: But as you get older and your knees start to go that machine becomes a better tool than the skis. CP: So when do you remember the first real challenges to snowmobiles and Logan Canyon and places around here? GB: When I heard that they were closing down the base range in Green Canyon because it was going to be included in the 1984 Utah Wilderness Act. And prior to that time the two canyons: Providence Canyon and Green Canyon were access for the snowmobiles into the backcountry. They removed the Green Canyon at that time, that access, and left the Providence access. Mainly because Providence was quite developed with the Johnson Quarry up there, it didn’t fit the description of Wilderness. So it was an area that we lost. And since then there’s been attempts at in-roads adding to that area and I’ve been fully involved in that. As early as 1993-94 we formed a group of people from all aspects. Headed up by the Chamber of Commerce we produced a Citizens’ Proposal. And we tried over a course of three years to iron out the problems between the two winter user groups; and produced a document that still has some viability today and has been used numerous times during arbitration and mediation. But way back in ’93-94 we were really involved in it. BC: Back up a little bit about the 1984 Wilderness Act, were you involved in the meetings and stuff leading up to that? GB: CP: No, no prior to that. And it was a mistake on a lot of us’ behalf is we wasn’t involved. Yeah, Wilderness is a good thing. I mean as early as the Wilderness Act of 1964, it’s a good idea – preserve it. But by 1984, a lot of us out west didn’t pay any attention to it until it hit home. And of course back then the parameter set for wilderness were a lot better; they’ve been degraded and watered down since then. What’s considered wilderness now, or a Wilderness Study Area certainly doesn’t have the same quality that they did back then. But when they started hitting home and shutting you down, then you start getting involved. And still even as late as probably 1990, we didn’t understand the process. And I would daresay the majority of backcountry users still don’t. We tried to educate them on it; they don’t want to get involved. And I would say that is the majority of people: “don’t take away my snowmobiling,” or “don’t take away my skiing,” is as far as they want to get involved. Why do you think that is? GB: I think, well if I could answer that question I’d be [inaudible]. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Garth  Barker     Page  3   �[Laughing] GB: Too busy; too busy with making a living and playing. And until some things are taken from them, removed from their opportunity, they don’t care. You talk to the guys up here – they don’t care what’s happening in Southern Utah unless they’re a group that goes down to Moab or something. They’re not going to make comment on it. They might once a year go hunt sage grouse, but when a comment period comes around, put out by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife, they’re not going to take time to make a comment on it. And then I think the other thing that has made it far easier is the advances in computer technology and of course the web. Now information can be disseminated to almost everybody, instantaneously. So today, as opposed to ten years ago, there’s far more people involved. I think both sides now are holding their own. They’ll squabble over little pieces like we have here. But I think both sides are more understanding now because of that tool. CP: So how have your efforts to combat the restrictions on outdoor recreation and things, how have those changed over the last – well since you’ve been working on them? GB: How have they changed? They changed . . . our approaches changed because we learned that grassroots movement didn’t work. We involved at one meeting (which was a workshop), during the early stages of the forest planning, we had almost 500 people to a public meeting. That had never been done before! To a Forest Service meeting over a Forest Plan. And it was kind of a shocker, but it didn’t amount to anything. It made no difference to the changes they were making; which was really kind of a low blow. You would think: okay, you’ve got 500 people here as opposed to the opposition (if you will) 50 people. And it made no difference. And I was a bit taken back by it and questioned which avenue to take at that point. And so I started to meet with politicians and I found out that the politicians needed the people. They didn’t particularly care about the issues either, but they voted. And if you go to a politician and say, “I have 750 registered voters that think like I do. I need your help.” They’ll say, “Okay, what can I do?” They need the people, you need the politicians and the people to get anything done. And that was a far better way to get things done. BC: Which politicians? Local politicians, or congress? GB: Actually, not even so much on local because you are dealing with a federal agency with the Forest Service, you had to deal with our federal senators and congressman. And worked real close with Jim Hansen while he was in office, and actually become a board member of a political pack that involved 11 other chairs from different aspect of outdoor recreation: from backcountry pilots to bighorn sheep hunters. And we would meet monthly in the back room of a Salt Lake restaurant that looked like a Mafia setting. Big dark oak table -- [Laughing] And being a political PAC of course we could have the politicians there. And they would be looking for our support and we would be looking for their support. And I met a lot of the current senators and congressmen at that point. That group of people numbered – the people they represented – probably a million and a half people. Not just in the state of Utah. So if a politician come in and said, “I need your support.” And you listen to him and his ideas, it was a big thing for him. Matheson wouldn’t be one of our congressmen without the support of that organization. But he understood that in his district there were an awful lot of people that hunted. And he sought out the support of Sportsmen for Fish and Wildlife, which was one of the chairs. And we Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Garth  Barker     Page  4   �discussed it and talked with his opponent (who was a Republican) and we decided that this Democrat was a better choice. BC: Hmm. GB: He had a far better view of what the people needed that his opponent. And we supported him. It didn’t really matter if he was a Republican or Democrat, but which one addressed the views of the people the best. CP: So what were the opinions of Matheson that you liked so much, specifically? GB: He was willing to listen to his people. He cared more about the guy existing on a ranch, than what was happening in the city; he had some pretty good homegrown values. And as a congressman, I think he’s a pretty good congressman. BC: GB: Did the pack have a name? Macc. M-A-C-C: Multiple Access Conservation Coalition. CP: So you talk about how you worked with a lot of federal politicians in your efforts. What was the makeup of your opponents? Were they federal environmental groups, or local type people, or? GB: Mostly, dealing with our issues here I was the only chair that was concerned with more than one aspect. I was concerned with motorized access as opposed to Backcountry Pilots or the Sportsmen for Fish and Wildlife or something like that. Because there were issues that we bumped heads on within the coalition, within the pack. The hunting groups didn’t particularly advocate ATVs, and yet my concern for my area was access. But we worked it out within the group. Of course on the issue here on the Logan Ranger District it was a forest issue. And with the right political help you can force things, and we did. BC: How has your experience with the Logan Ranger District, how well has the management been and what would you think of the condition of it today versus 25 years ago? GB: Like any federal or state agency, they’re worth – not the job that they’re assigned to do – but their worth and ability to get the job done is directly determined by the people in there. If a particular District Ranger or department head has a personal agenda that’s going to affect how that entire section works. Over the past 20 years we’ve had good District Rangers, we’ve had a lot of interim District Rangers here. And for the most part they were good people, but they had their own personal agendas. Or maybe the worst case was they came into it unbiased but they allowed themselves to be affected by – and I hate to say it -- but they allowed themselves to be affected by university people. The University is a big entity here. The Outdoor Rec Department has a direct relationship with the Forest Service. District Rangers and Recreation Line Officers have let themselves be – their biased was removed or enhanced, if you will. If they didn’t have any bias, they certainly did after awhile because of the university’s influence. And you had to battle that. And you had to battle it with the use of politicians. I’m not sure I answered your question. We had to fight against the ideals that the university popped out. Which we did. It was effective. I think we have a good mix right now. On the last round everybody lost something, but you have to understand the views of the local people that access it using machinery. One time they could go anywhere they wanted. BC: Right. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Garth  Barker     Page  5   �GB: Then along came the Wilderness. Their area was cut by 274,000 acres. And then along come a Forest Plan; and other areas were closed down. Whether it was a wildlife closure – which nobody minded – or whether it was another user group that wanted another area closed. The same thing still applies. A non-motorized user can still go anywhere they want, but the motorized people were always the ones losing ground. And that’s tough for them to swallow. BC: How often do they do the Forest Plans? Is that a – GB: Congressional mandated every 10-15 years. There’s generally – takes five or six years to get a Forest Plan done. We’ll be looking at the same issues again here in another five or six years. BC: I imagine the population growth puts more pressure on them too. GB: Yeah, it does. We’re still behind up here on this ranger district. There are still programs that should be implemented that aren’t. And a lot of it is dictated by budgets and money. There should be a Park and Ski program. There should be non-motorized trailheads established, where you can buy a tag and go park there and you won’t have any opposition from other users that don’t buy a tag (other non-motorized users). I mean Idaho, Oregon, Colorado – they all have Park and Ski or Park and Access or whatever they call it – not in Utah. BC: Hmm. That would probably help – GB: Oh yeah. BC: -- (inaudible) GB: There you’ve got your own trailhead and nobody’s going to bother you. And somebody pulling a trailer that wants to park and camp for a couple of days during the winter and fish, or whatever, can’t park there without a sticker. You’ve got your exclusive -- . I’ve sent Idaho’s, Colorado’s, Oregon’s bills, amendments, rules, off to our state people time and again: “can’t we implement this?” BC: Does it have to be implemented at the state level? GB: Yeah. BC: What other kinds of programs do you think that we haven’t -- ? GB: That would probably be the most important as far as winter goes. Up here they pushed through the Shoshone Trail System, but it’s not taken off here (this is for summer OHV use). It’s not taken off here like it has in other parts of the state. In other parts of the state: the Piute, the (inaudible) and some of the other trail systems, have done so much to improve the economics of the regions they’re in – we don’t need it. Our little towns aren’t dependent on tourism. BC: Right. GB: We’re a university valley. And we have a lot of good light industry – who cares about a trail system? BC: Now are those trails you mentioned, are they a part of that Great Western Trail System? Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Garth  Barker     Page  6   �GB: Yes. Well, that’s a little different. They’re not under the same organization. The Western Trail covers a lot of states. Each state has a section, but it’s its own organization. The Piute – the other trails are Utah trails and in cooperation with the Forest Service, BLM. A little different. The Great Western Trail is its own entity. CP: So when you promote motorized transportation to the federal government, to the Forest Service when you brought it – what is your and your organization’s stance about the benefits of motorized transportation to having more access to the forest property? GB: Well let’s not use the word transportation, let’s use the word access. CP: Okay. GB: Ever since the west was settled, man has used whatever the best means was to access it; whether it was a horseback or a boat or foot, or whatever – Model A’s and trucks and vehicles come along and give access to the backcountry. Why? Well, not everybody is young and healthy. My 82 year old father is not going to go up there and hike into the backcountry. I know some 85 year old people that do, but he’s not going to. Or how does a person take all their kids back? And you’re limited with how far you can go. Now you can drive up to Tony Grove and hike up and you know, take the kids and hike up for a day. Probably not going to venture very far into the wilderness. And because there’s more and more people all the time, and everybody wants to get back in further – the way to do it is motorized. Plus, everybody should have an opportunity – whether they’re non-motorized or motorized. There is your premise right there is something for everybody, responsibly. I don’t know if that answers it. CP: Yes, that definitely is good. So, you know on the flipside of that, do you see in validity in your opponents’ arguments that it should be limited? GB: Absolutely. Yeah, because I was a skier first before I become a snowmobiler and I don’t want to get into philosophical reasons, but a non-motorized user has a different value base for the area they are going to. And it may be the trip in is far more important than the destination. And they may develop a – whether you want to use the term – sense of place, more so than the snowmobiler. Yeah, he enjoys the ride probably as much as a skier enjoys a ski run, but is the reward at the end bigger or better? Probably not. But he probably enjoys it for a different reason. It’s not quite a religious thing – you can go under your own power and huck up a canyon and get to the top and jump and down like Rocky and say, “I made it!” You know, he might do the same thing on a hill with a machine, but – a little different. A little different. BC: I’m kind of curious because I don’t really know much about snow machines, but you mentioned that when you first got involved in the early ‘80s they were a little less dependable? GB: I used to like to leave the summit – where the Limber Pine Trail is right now – put my skis on and I would ski along the ridgeline and hunt snowshoe rabbits. And I’d to watch them stinking, smoking machines down there try to get where I was at. I always thought that it was interesting – why would you mess with this thing, it looks like you’re stuck half the time. You know, I couldn’t understand why they was doing what they was doing. But one day a couple of us decided – there were five of us – we was going to ski from the Sinks area to Hardware; that’s 35 miles. That’s a pretty good huck for people on their legs. It took us all day, into dark to do that on skis. And I can do it in 30 minutes on a snowmobile. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Garth  Barker     Page  7   �BC: Right. The machines have changed greatly from then, as far as where they can go? GB: Oh! Every year they change. I don’t know where they can’t go now. The limitation being whether it’s motorized or non-motorized. That’s the way they are. Technology has really improved them. BC: That probably then has created more clash, potentially, or not? GB: Probably not created more clash because skiers never got back there either. Mountaineering, backcountry skiing – as opposed to cross country or light touring – is fairly new. And it’s new to technology too: new types of materials, how the skis are made; the bindings, the boots. Backcountry skiers are relatively new too. And the funny thing about it all is that you’ve got machines that will get back in there in a hurry (as opposed to getting stuck on their way in like they used to); you’ve got guys who can use their new skis and get back in there. Now you’ve got a whole new segment, which we call them “snowmo-boarders” – they’re the guys with backcountry skis or snowboards that are using a snowmobile to get back in to make tracks where you can’t take a machine (or take you all day or two days to get on your skis). They are using the best of both worlds for their recreation. And so both the “purist” groups, if you will, are looking at them going, “Wait, wait a minute. We’ve got a new form of competition.” Just smarter. BC: Yeah. Poor man’s helicopter skiing. GB: You got it. CP: What areas in Logan Canyon right now are open for snowmobile access? Showing my ignorance here. GB: Well, I don’t remember the numbers without digging into my books. Of course the Wilderness area is closed. And you have closure up to Blind Hollow; you’ve got the Bunchgrass complex and the Steam Mill complex and Hell’s Kitchen complex that are closed to motorized – which encompasses over half of it. You have quite a bit that’s open, but it’s certainly not the same quality. The Tony Grove area and on into Idaho is as good of snowmobiling that you’ll find anywhere, maybe better than most nationwide. Same for skiing. You don’t find that type of backcountry access and availability anywhere else close by. So we’re kind of unique that we have one area up there that is el primo for both user groups. BC: So is the current plan overall working do you think? GB: It’s working. Yeah. Hopefully there’s no violation. I haven’t heard of any this year. And I think people are pretty much satisfied with what we’ve got, other than the extreme ends. BC: Right. Which is always the case. GB: It’s always the case, yeah. CP: So how do you feel the plan here compares to plans in other parts of this area? GB: Every other forest that had to go through revision watched this district and this region real close. They watched the fights; the lawsuits. And I think they took a lesson from them. And so most of them are formed the same way: a little bit for everybody. We set a poor example, but a good example. Our fights were long – I mean we went three years over what most Forest Plans take because of litigation and mediation and ultimately arbitration and more lawsuits. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Garth  Barker     Page  8   �BC: Have the groups learned from that? Do they work together better now? GB: It’s an uneasy truce. BC: Yeah. GB: We’re kind of like the Hamas and Israel. [Laughing] GB: Nobody wants to throw the first rock, and they’re going to get a little bit complacent about it. And maybe come the next time we need a Forest Plan there might be minor adjustments, but I think it’ll work. I hope so. It was a long fight. CP: Why do you think it was particularly contentious here? GB: We had a real good gene pool of advocates from the university, as opposed to a real good gene pool of advocates from the redneck community. In this valley the competitiveness among snowmobilers is extremely high. We’ve got more world champion hill climbers in this valley than anywhere else in the west or Canada. And same goes for the other race circuits in snowmobiling. Providence has probably produced more snowmobile competitors in all aspects than any other single town in the whole country. So a lot of fierce competitive people pitted against a university gene pool, or recreation pool. Good mix for a fight. [Laughing] CP: So has the fight ever gotten particularly nasty or do they keep it pretty civil? GB: You know, ironically nobody ever threw a punch until a skier lost it. It was a skier who threw the first punch a few years ago, where he dove on the back of a snowmobiler and pulled him off his sled and wanted to beat him up. CP: Just out on the trail? GB: Actually it was right on the road. The guy had drove his vehicle up there, parked it, let his dogs out. He was going to put his skis on and some snowmobilers using the same access into Tony Grove went by him. He didn’t like it. He thought the same ones were coming back and so he jumped on the first snowmobiler that come back and was going to beat him up. And of course the Forest Service happened to be coming along right then, they had to break it up. But it was just an emotional thing. Nobody got hurt. I had a rock thrown through my window after one public meeting; and a few death threats, but I didn’t take them serious. One of them, I wished I would have recorded it. He says, “You’re ruining Mother Nature. We’re going to get you; we’re watching you.” And I said, “You know, we ought to talk about this – get together some time and talk about it.” “Well, that won’t do any good, but we’re going to get you.” I said, “Hey, what’s your name so I can call you back and talk to you about it; I’m kinda busy right now?” “It’s uh – no wait! I can’t tell you that!” [Laughing] You know, how can you take something like that serious? You just can’t. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Garth  Barker     Page  9   �CP: So before we started the interview, we talked a little bit about your responsibilities with the Search and Rescue and things. Why don’t you just talk about that. What your role is and all that. GB: Oh, I’ve been in there 16 years. Maybe 15 years too long. I do search and rescue because I’m an adrenaline junkie. It’s not because I love humanity so much. [Laughing] We are highly trained professionals, unpaid. It costs us a lot of money, a lot of time. But there are few things more rewarding than saving somebody. I have friends that are big-game hunters; go all over the country hunting big game. I would rather go up and find a kid than hunt big game – and I enjoy hunting. But if I had to take a choice between going after some trophy and going after a lost skier, I would take the skier. I don’t know why – it’s really not good snowmobiling when you’re out searching in the winter. Because you are usually out at night and you’re going into places where people shouldn’t have gone anyway, but it’s enjoyable. CP: And so what area do you cover for that? GB: I do high angle water rescue – I’m not a diver. Of course winter, whether it’s on skis or snowmobile. Well, every aspect of it. CP: You do summer – like with ATVs and things too? GB: Year-round. Yeah. CP: And is it just for this area? GB: Just Cache County. CP: Cache County? GB: Yeah. I’m not an advocate of ATVs. I had ATVs -- I prefer my horse. If I have to take my Jeep into an area on a rescue, that’s what I do in the summer. If a horse is a more viable choice for a search, I’ll use a horse. If I have to get on an ATV or motorcycle I could do it; I’ve rode both of them for years. I’m just not a big advocate of them. But because I’m older than the young ones coming in now, I let them do a little more of the grunt work. I have to sit back a little bit. But because I’ve been in it so long, I act as an advisor and a safety officer. If avalanche conditions are such, I’m going to make a call or make my recommendations to the commander and the sergeant. But because of my knowledge of the backcountry up here I usually end up as a spotter in a helicopter or as a consultant when we’re going over the maps. There’s few places I haven’t been up here. BC: How is the organization structured? GB: We have two teams, two team leaders and a commander. We are under the direct supervision and part of the Sheriff’s office. We have a sergeant who is our liaison as well as our commander. He works very closely with the unit commander, hand-in-hand. On every situation they’re at base camp making calls. I’ve been a commander, I’ve been a captain, I’ve been the state commander (I just got out of that job, thank heavens) – state Search and Rescue commander. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Garth  Barker     Page  10   �But we break down into teams – whether it’s a snowmobile team or a high-angle teams, or water rescue – we have some guys that are better at running the boats than other guys – they’ll be team leaders. We have a dive team; we have guys that go into caves – this country is full of caves – and so we’ll have guys that are specialized for that. But we only have 35 members. So we all crosstrain and it makes a tighter-knit group. If I’m not a lead on, say a high-angle team, I’m ground support. And I don’t dive, but I’m ground support for the dive people. So it works good. CP: I just kind of wanted to go back. I felt like there was one thing that we didn’t cover very well about your background a little bit. What is your training, your profession? What did you start doing when you started in the work world? GB: When I wasn’t hunting and fishing, I of course graduated high school. I graduated from USU. I had a composite major/minor in Advertising Design and Illustration, Photography and Drawing. And after I graduated I went out and freelanced for awhile until my wife wanted more stable paycheck. And so I went to work for Thiokol in their Art Department, I did all of their corporate advertising. But I found out that my painting, my western painting, was a whole lot more fun to do, so my father says, “come and help me build a building” (he had an old gas station here) “help me build a building and we’ll see to it that you’ve got time to paint.” Which I couldn’t paint here. I mean I did for awhile (this was through the ‘80s). Business kind of sucked you up, and of course all the involvement with all the other issues, there wasn’t a lot of time to paint. I’ve always enjoyed writing and communications because I had to work with account reps, and writers. And I write a column for the newspaper right now, every two weeks, as a conservative voice of the valley. And I feel myself going green sometimes. I work as a government liaison for an energy development company – Vince’s company. I go down and I’m usually the first contact with local governments and go meet the people and the ranchers and the farmers. I worked real close with SITLA over the years, whether it’s on forest issues or other issues. BC: And SITLA is? GB: School Institutional Trust Land Administration. They are the ones that give money to the school kids, but it’s Trust Land Administration. BC: Right. GB: They own about, or are the care-takers of 3.5 million acres in the state of Utah. But for the 12 recipients, which are the universities and the school kids in the state, they’re an important entity. But I work real well with them all. I don’t know why, but I get along real well with local people. Now Vince (inaudible) Texas, Montana, New Mexico, which is fine. We’re all the same people. But I get along well with them. CP: You got anything? BC: I’m good, fine. Do you have anything else you’d like to add? GB: Nope. This is a great place to live. We’ve got interesting times that we’re in the middle of right now. I don’t know what’s going to happen, but it’s sure going to be a ride! [Laughing] Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Garth  Barker     Page  11   �The economics and a new president. I didn’t vote for him, but I support him. Hopefully he can do the job. BC: Yeah. GB: But you have to sit back and be pragmatic. Whether it’s a forced issue or an energy project – keep the humor. I learned a real hard lesson six years ago. You can make all the plans in the world and formulate your future, have your agenda written in stone, and it can all change. My wife passed away, I have a different outlook on everything, and I really don’t mind where I’m at now. But I do look at things a little differently. BC: One other question I might have is, would there be any folks that you would recommend that we might want to interview on this project? GB: I would go talk to Val Simmons. He’s been – or John Borg – they’ve been real advocates of multiple access on the Logan Canyon. And they have some really good views. John is a walking computer. He knows every rule, every aspect of the Forest Plan; he’s a great asset, great person to have around. Val is very vocal and he knows what the people want. And between the three of us, we did our job. I’d talk to those two. CP: Alright. Well we appreciate it. BC: Yup, thanks. GB: If you come with a question … [Stop recording] Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Garth  Barker     Page  12   � Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Where else is this found? Give the URL for the item, if it is in another respository (like CONTENTdm) <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/96">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/96</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Hosted by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Conversion Specs Recording equipment: Marantz PMD660 Digital Recorder Transcription equipment: Power Player Transcription Software: Executive Communication Systems Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2012-08-22 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Garth Barker interview, 4 February 2009, and transcription Description An account of the resource Garth Barker discusses multiple-use access for the Logan Canyon meeting with politicians at Multiple Access Conservation Coalition member about land access concerns experience as a member of Search and Rescue. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Barker, Garth, 1949- Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cole, Bradford R. Pumphrey, Clinton R., 1984- Subject The topic of the resource Barker, Garth, 1949---Interviews Barker, Garth, 1949---Childhood and youth Recreation--Utah--Logan Canyon Snowmobiling--Utah--Logan Canyon Politicians--Utah Multiple Access Conservation Coalition (Utah) Land use--Law and legislation--Utah--Logan Canyon Forestry and community--Utah--Cache County Off-road vehicle trails--Utah--Logan Canyon Volunteer workers in search and rescue operations--Utah--Cache County Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Oral histories Interviews Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Green Canyon (Utah) North Logan (Utah) Providence Canyon (Utah) Tony Grove (Utah) Utah United States Logan (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 1980-1989 1990-1999 20th century 2000-2009 21st century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Logan Canyon Land Use Management Oral History Collection, FOLK COLL 42 Box 2 Fd. 2 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. Inventory for the Logan Canyon Land Use Management Oral History Collection can be found at: <a href="http://library.usu.edu/folklo/folkarchive/FolkColl42.php">http://library.usu.edu/folklo/folkarchive/FolkColl42.php</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Fife Folklore Archives Curator, phone (435) 797-3493 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Logan Canyon Land Use Management Oral History Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FolkColl42bx2fd2GarthBarker Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 4 February 2009 Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 2009-02-04 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. Logan Canyon Reflections https://highway89.org/files/original/8716e4428d542d5fbcd7dfb62a95f51f.pdf 5ccbd6f23b7e1a1e7cb75c6d1e5647b0 PDF Text Text Engineers Planners _ l-::¥I~III'" Economists _ Scientists May 11, 1987 B210.27 Dr. Craig Caupp Utah State University CEE Department Logan, Utah 84322 Dear Dr. Caupp: We are enclosing additional information you requested after having read a recent issue of our REPORTS magazine. The enclosed information expands upon our services and capabilities in the areas of interest to you. If you have questions or need additional information we hope you will call for assistance. We appreciate your interest in our firm and look forward to a continued association with you. Sin,:!~ L . Sheldon Barker Utah Area Manager SLC48/56 CH2M HILL Utah Area Office Associated Plaza, Suite 500, 349 South 200 East p.o. Box 2218, Salt Lake City, Utah 84101 801.363.0200 � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/114">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/114</a> Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies, scans, or prints of this item for fair use purposes, please see Utah State University's Reproduction Order Form at: <a href="https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php">https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2013 Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner. Checksum 558653473 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 588003 Bytes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Correspondence from L. Sheldon Barker to Craig Caupp, May 11, 1987 Description An account of the resource Correspondence from L. Sheldon Barker to Craig Caupp with enclosed (not in this file) information on areas of interest and the services and capabilities of CH2M Hill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Barker, L. Sheldon Subject The topic of the resource Logan Canyon (Utah) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Correspondence Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1987-05-11 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980-1989 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Sierra Club, Utah Chapter Archives, 1972-1986, COLL MSS 148 Series VIII Box 29 Folder 6 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. View the inventory for this collection at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Special Collections and Archives, phone (435) 797-2663. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Highway 89 Digital Collections Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS148VIIIB29_Fd6_Item 8.pdf Highway 89; https://highway89.org/files/original/61981166a843e79f6f73c5becad70223.jpg fb11ce8cac1720c1a80edccfc4752e20 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 1346 Image Width Image Width in pixels 1319 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Checksum 4280c9145a5b53590a59d789c5a42854 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 26708292 Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order a print or digital file of this item, please see Northern Arizona University. Cline Library's Reproduction Order Form at: <a>http://archive.library.nau.edu/cdm/ordering/#ordering</a> Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/4209">http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/4209</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [La Siesta Motel.] Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bass, William G., 1900- Subject The topic of the resource Motels; Swimming pools Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Black-and-white photograph Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1950 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Wickenburg (Ariz.); United States Highway 89; Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1950-1959; 20th century Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://www.azarchivesonline.org/xtf/view?docId=ead/nau/Bass_William.xml Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital surrogates are the property of the repository. Reproduction requires permission, please contact special.collections@nau.edu. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Bass, William G. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context NAU_3872.jpg https://highway89.org/files/original/7b0a3a62b451b252e5f5120a76e5f944.jpg 8bc84b22b07204aa5bbf77afecb8e0d5 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 4828 Image Width Image Width in pixels 6959 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Scanning resolution Resolution in DPI 5000 Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example RGB Checksum 4875b4fd545b23f1017f82667c844e0b File Size Size of the file in bytes. 201818672 Conversion Specs Scanned by Northern Arizona University. Cline Library using Imacon Flextight 848, display file is JPEG. Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order a print or digital file of this item, please see Northern Arizona University. Cline Library's Reproduction Order Form at: <a>http://archive.library.nau.edu/cdm/ordering/#ordering</a> Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/22835">http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/22835</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dedication Plaque for Glen Canyon Bridge. Dedicated February 20, 1959. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bass, William G., 1900- Subject The topic of the resource Dams--Glen Canyon (Utah and Ariz.)--Design and construction; Navajo Indians; Motels--Arizona--Page; Colorado River Storage Project (U.S.; United States. Bureau of Reclamation Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Color Slide Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1958-1964 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Glen Canyon Dam Region (Utah and Ariz.); Colorado River (Colo.-Mexico); Powell, Lake (Utah and Ariz.); Page (Ariz.);United States Highway 89; Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969; 20th century; Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://www.azarchivesonline.org/xtf/view?docId=ead/nau/Bass_William.xml Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital surrogates are the property of the repository. Reproduction requires permission, please contact special.collections@nau.edu. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Bass, William G. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context NAU_14759.jpg https://highway89.org/files/original/858049689ef41d2e8bbd594169a74a86.jpg 798bf6a65fde5ee7a53c5079b864adfd Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 4623 Image Width Image Width in pixels 6815 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Scanning resolution Resolution in DPI 5000 Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example RGB Checksum 3822692c334737ab29eedd53ccf61ce1 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 198678268 Conversion Specs Scanned by Northern Arizona University. Cline Library using Imacon Flextight 848, display file is JPEG. Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order a print or digital file of this item, please see Northern Arizona University. Cline Library's Reproduction Order Form at: <a>http://archive.library.nau.edu/cdm/ordering/#ordering</a> Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/22836">http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/22836</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dedication ceremony for Glen Canyon Bridge, February 20,1959. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bass, William G., 1900- Subject The topic of the resource Dams--Glen Canyon (Utah and Ariz.)--Design and construction; Navajo Indians; Motels--Arizona--Page; Colorado River Storage Project (U.S.; United States. Bureau of Reclamation Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Color Slide Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1958-1964 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Glen Canyon Dam Region (Utah and Ariz.); Colorado River (Colo.-Mexico); Powell, Lake (Utah and Ariz.); Page (Ariz.); United States Highway 89; Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969; 20th century; Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://www.azarchivesonline.org/xtf/view?docId=ead/nau/Bass_William.xml Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital surrogates are the property of the repository. Reproduction requires permission, please contact special.collections@nau.edu. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Bass, William G. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context NAU_14763.jpg https://highway89.org/files/original/2d6a0e6635d786ffa861dd65ed115e44.jpg 752bb9438b14cd59713683021836244e Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 4912 Image Width Image Width in pixels 6960 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Scanning resolution Resolution in DPI 5000 Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example RGB Checksum 8f1e6fba9e50f96c79c4ef6ea4b2511b File Size Size of the file in bytes. 201591764 Conversion Specs Scanned by Northern Arizona University. Cline Library using Imacon Flextight 848, display file is JPEG. Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order a print or digital file of this item, please see Northern Arizona University. Cline Library's Reproduction Order Form at: <a>http://archive.library.nau.edu/cdm/ordering/#ordering</a> Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/22711">http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/22711</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 89 North -highway bridge constructed to run alongside the old suspension bridge in Cameron, Arizona, [constructed title], ca.1960's. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bass, William G., 1900- Subject The topic of the resource Bridges, Iron and steel--Arizona; Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Color Slide Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1958-1964 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Cameron (Ariz.);United States Highway 89; Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969; 20th century; Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://www.azarchivesonline.org/xtf/view?docId=ead/nau/Bass_William.xml Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital surrogates are the property of the repository. Reproduction requires permission, please contact special.collections@nau.edu. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Bass, William G. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context NAU_14778.jpg https://highway89.org/files/original/eee532e61efafcf119a01189e5366d0e.jpg 10d61c9dc998d207c4acfdda76472d75 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 4836 Image Width Image Width in pixels 6884 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Scanning resolution Resolution in DPI 5000 Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example RGB Checksum 8106a79d3091b119a5f957390cae715f File Size Size of the file in bytes. 189037658 Conversion Specs Scanned by Northern Arizona University. Cline Library using Imacon Flextight 848, display file is JPEG. Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order a print or digital file of this item, please see Northern Arizona University. Cline Library's Reproduction Order Form at: <a>http://archive.library.nau.edu/cdm/ordering/#ordering</a> Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/10787">http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/10787</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Construction of Glen Canyon Dam [constructed title], 1961. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bass, William G., 1900- Subject The topic of the resource Dams--Glen Canyon (Utah and Ariz.)--Design and construction; Navajo Indians; Motels--Arizona--Page; Colorado River Storage Project (U.S.; United States. Bureau of Reclamation Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Color Slide Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1958-1964 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Glen Canyon Dam Region (Utah and Ariz.); Colorado River (Colo.-Mexico); Powell, Lake (Utah and Ariz.); Page (Ariz.);United States Highway 89; Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969; 20th century; Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://www.azarchivesonline.org/xtf/view?docId=ead/nau/Bass_William.xml Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital surrogates are the property of the repository. Reproduction requires permission, please contact special.collections@nau.edu. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Bass, William G. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context NAU_14789.jpg https://highway89.org/files/original/d03065322a0d474a6fd9bb6c06acfe4b.jpg 185371624781404ad789b7afc133d253 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 4834 Image Width Image Width in pixels 6951 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Scanning resolution Resolution in DPI 5000 Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example RGB Checksum 6dab7db086c20391850154837aa4e26b File Size Size of the file in bytes. 205129008 Conversion Specs Scanned by Northern Arizona University. Cline Library using Imacon Flextight 848, display file is JPEG. Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order a print or digital file of this item, please see Northern Arizona University. Cline Library's Reproduction Order Form at: <a>http://archive.library.nau.edu/cdm/ordering/#ordering</a> Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/10779">http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/10779</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dedication ceremony for Glen Canyon Bridge, [constructed title], February 20,1959. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bass, William G., 1900- Subject The topic of the resource Dams--Glen Canyon (Utah and Ariz.)--Design and construction; Navajo Indians; Motels--Arizona--Page; Colorado River Storage Project (U.S.; United States. Bureau of Reclamation Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Color Slide Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1958-1964 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Glen Canyon Dam Region (Utah and Ariz.); Colorado River (Colo.-Mexico); Powell, Lake (Utah and Ariz.); Page (Ariz.);United States Highway 89; Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969; 20th century; Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://www.azarchivesonline.org/xtf/view?docId=ead/nau/Bass_William.xml Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital surrogates are the property of the repository. Reproduction requires permission, please contact special.collections@nau.edu. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Bass, William G. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context NAU_14815.jpg https://highway89.org/files/original/c3656bb9fd0dc704be25a1b72e068687.jpg f360dbacbc42c231605b71e16ede0a64 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 7758 Image Width Image Width in pixels 9831 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Scanning resolution Resolution in DPI 2040 Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example RGB Checksum 75f06aab10b3d78d8b4446301ba789e1 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 199749662 Conversion Specs Scanned by Northern Arizona University. Cline Library using Imacon Flextight 848, display file is JPEG. Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order a print or digital file of this item, please see Northern Arizona University. Cline Library's Reproduction Order Form at: <a>http://archive.library.nau.edu/cdm/ordering/#ordering</a> Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/10776">http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/10776</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Welcome to Page, Arizona' -sign, [constructed title], ca.1960's. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bass, William G., 1900- Subject The topic of the resource Dams--Glen Canyon (Utah and Ariz.)--Design and construction; Navajo Indians; Motels--Arizona--Page; Colorado River Storage Project (U.S.; United States. Bureau of Reclamation Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Color Slide Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1958-1964 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Glen Canyon Dam Region (Utah and Ariz.); Colorado River (Colo.-Mexico); Powell, Lake (Utah and Ariz.); United States Highway 89; Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969; 20th century; Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://www.azarchivesonline.org/xtf/view?docId=ead/nau/Bass_William.xml Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital surrogates are the property of the repository. Reproduction requires permission, please contact special.collections@nau.edu. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Bass, William G. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context NAU_14821.jpg https://highway89.org/files/original/b1dd5056eafdc0ee8dadb62fa1ffd196.jpg ef277c300c877a0cff4863604b1e55f3 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 7791 Image Width Image Width in pixels 9831 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Scanning resolution Resolution in DPI 2040 Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example RGB Checksum b39dbe5eaa8a1670d034a8fe1c57bda8 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 201610284 Conversion Specs Scanned by Northern Arizona University. Cline Library using Imacon Flextight 848, display file is JPEG. Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order a print or digital file of this item, please see Northern Arizona University. Cline Library's Reproduction Order Form at: <a>http://archive.library.nau.edu/cdm/ordering/#ordering</a> Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/10782">http://cdm16748.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/cpa/id/10782</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Page Boy Motel', Page, Arizona, built during the constuction of Glen Canyon Dam, [constructed title], ca.1960's. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bass, William G., 1900- Subject The topic of the resource Page Boy Motel; Motels--Arizona--Page; Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Color Slide Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1958-1964 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Powell, Lake (Utah and Ariz.); Page (Ariz.);United States Highway 89; Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969; 20th century; Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://www.azarchivesonline.org/xtf/view?docId=ead/nau/Bass_William.xml Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Northern Arizona University. Cline Library. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital surrogates are the property of the repository. Reproduction requires permission, please contact special.collections@nau.edu. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Bass, William G. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context NAU_14822.jpg https://highway89.org/files/original/d341243978d7f1d7086309a7471e26ef.mp3 1010d040329266f228f303f415248229 https://highway89.org/files/original/d0b6f76d4fe93ebd64933ed0299cc05a.pdf cf2c2934900274c42333de1c0b255a39 PDF Text Text LAND USE MANAGEMENT TRANSCRIPTION COVER SHEET Interviewee: Dave Baumgartner Place of Interview: Date of Interview: Mr. Baumgartner’s home in Lewiston, Utah 5 May 2008 Interviewer: Recordist: Brad Cole Brad Cole Recording Equipment: Marantz PMD660 Digital Recorder Transcription Equipment used: Transcribed by: Transcript Proofed by: Power Player Transcription Software: Executive Communication Systems Susan Gross, 20 July 2008 Brad Cole; Randy Williams 15 March 2011 Brief Description of Contents: The interview contains information on the childhood, education and the career of Dave Baumgartner as a forester, the various positions held within the Forest Service and his views on management. There are many anecdotes from his personal experiences in managing in the Logan Canyon and Logan District of the Forest Service, including his attitudes regarding the road expansion up Logan Canyon and his idea to include land users when making decisions. Reference: BC = Brad Cole (Interviewer; Associate Dean, USU Libraries) DB = Dave Baumgartner NOTE: Interjections during pauses or transitions in dialogue such as “uh” and starts and stops in conversations are not included in transcript. All additions to transcript are noted with brackets. TAPE TRANSCRIPTION [Tape 1 of 1: A] BC: Hi, this is Brad Cole, from Utah State University Special Collections and Archives. It’s Monday, May 5th, 2008, and we’re visiting today with Dave Baumgartner on our Logan Canyon Land Use and Management Oral History Project. Dave, I’m going to start off where I usually do and ask you when and where you were born. DB: I was born July 29, 1942, in Salt Lake City. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  1   �BC: Growing up in Salt Lake City, what are your memories of that? DB: A lot of open, abandon farm fields. My dad had a little tiny place with a big chicken coop in the back that he raised a lot of chickens. Then on the rest of the property he grew pansies for sale, and little junipers for landscaping. Behind our house from there all the way to Great Salt Lake were just a few farm buildings and such, so we roamed that country a lot. BC: And who were your parents? DB: My dad’s name is Heber Baumgartner. My mother’s maiden name was Allen. My grandpa came from Switzerland when he was two years in 1898, I think it was. He and his little family are my only relatives in Salt Lake City. BC: Really? Interesting. And then as far as you mentioned the landscape of Salt Lake, do you think that affected your future? DB: You know, ever since I was a tiny kid, I can never remember wanting to be a policeman, fly airplanes, or a fireman. I always wanted to be a forester from as far back as I can remember. That’s what I wanted to be. BC: As a family, did you spend much time in the outdoors, growing up? DB: My grandpa was an arborist and a horticulturist. He was the primary caretaker for Memory Grove, which is just off the hill from the State Capital, for most of his adult life is where he worked, there. And so he was kind of a man of the outside anyway. And so I remember growing up – we didn’t do what I would say is a ton of camping, but we did a lot of it. And we usually fished a little bit wherever we went. We hiked a lot in Big Cottonwood Canyon, up around Brighton, up to the lakes that are, you know, above Brighton there. In those days it wasn’t really busy. [Laughing] Not like it is today! BC: Do you have any special memories of that period at all? DB: You know, not really. It was a happy childhood, we had a good time. Even from our young ages we were allowed to go out in those fields. And we used to hike from my house all the way out to the Salt Lake Airport. They had an old airplane dump out there and we used to fly the old World War II torpedo bomber carcasses that they had laying around in that place! [Laughing] Then we hunted rabbits – I mean there wasn’t anything there, we could walk all the way to Great Salt Lake if we wanted to, but we usually ended up by the Surplus Canal, fish for carp and shot our .22s at whatever wiggled. My folks weren’t extremely wealthy, so we had, you know our, I remember, coal stoves and climbing into the house to get coal to put into the coal cook stove. That’s what heated Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  2   �the house too, for a lot of years. But you know we were just typical kids. We played football, we hiked a lot, broke our bones. Stuff like that. BC: You mentioned that you kind of had the goal to be a forester from a young age – DB: Yes. BC: When did you did you start pursuing that? DB: In high school there were classes that were optional, like botanies and zoologies, and those kinds of things. You didn’t have to take those, but I took them all. I took all the natural sciences that the high school offered. Which was basically those two, and chemistry and a few things like that. I wasn’t very good with chemistry, but the other stuff we were pretty good with. BC: And which high school was that? DB: I went to West High School in Salt Lake City. BC: And from there, where did you pursue your education after that? DB: Utah State University; graduated from there 1969. BC: And that was with a bachelor’s degree? DB: I had a bachelor’s degree in Forestry and also – it’s not a degree, but I took enough extra classes that I also qualified as a watershed specialist or a hydrologist. I wasn’t an engineer hydrologist, but a wildland hydrologist. When I actually got hired by the Forest Service, I was hired as a watershed specialist, not as a forester. I spent three and a half years on the Pike National Forest in Colorado as a watershed specialist. And then I knew that wasn’t where my career wanted to go. I wanted to work on the districts and in the woods, and not in the supervisor’s office. And so I spent my time there, you know, getting acquainted with the Forest Service, but as soon as I had an opportunity to go out to the district I took it. So I lasted there about, a little over three years, and then I went to the Shoshone National Forest in Wyoming. I spent in two places seven and a half years on that forest; three years at Dubois and three and a half in Cody. And then from there we moved to the Sawtooth in Idaho. And I actually spent seven and a half years there. And then I was the ranger here in Logan until [19]’93, and then in ’93 I had to go to the regional office! [Laughing] And I spent, I should put quotes around this, I spent from 1993 until year 2000, I retired at the end of the year 2000. They were fun years in the regional office, they were interesting years, but they were really discouraging years too as you saw the Forest Service begin to unwind as to what it used to be. As to what it once was into what it was becoming, and it was sad to see that change coming. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  3   �BC: Maybe explain that a little more, like you know, what it once was and then what it— DB: Well, when I started with the Forest Service in 1969, through the late 60s and through the early, well even through the 70s – and you’ll recall this – there were many people that made and awfully lot of money writing books on how to run a successful company. Those books were really good books. I was convinced when I read them that if I had an opportunity to lead a unit, and I could use the characteristics that you read about in those books, that we would be more successful than not. The Forest Service in those days was just coming off the peak of its glory, so to speak. Those writers and people in that field of management were selecting on an annual basis, you know, the ten top companies or organizations in the country at that particular time, and the Forest Service, surprisingly not, was one of them. It had a great spirit about itself; there was a great décor about the people that worked there. It was a good job. We enjoyed being out in the woods working with people and all those kinds of things. I don’t know what changed, to be honest with you. We started to bring in more people that were not necessarily forest, range kinds of folks. All the “-ologists”, the specialists that began to come in there in the name of diversity – I wasn’t sure how to react with that, but their attitude about work was different than the people that preceded them. There was not as much of a tendency to work long hours. You know we averaged 9-10 hours a day and never thought about overtime for a second. You’d leave early in the morning to go someplace in the woods that required time to get there and it required time to get home, so you’d get home at 8-9 at night, you know, and it was no big deal. But those employees that started to come in, in my opinion, in that time -- they had a different ethic. I don’t know that you could say they loved the woods -- it was a job in the field that they trained for – but whether it was their perfect job or not, I can’t say. But it did begin to change the Forest Service. One of the traits of really good companies is that most of the operating money is at the ground level, where the work’s done. And you saw a tendency in the Forest Service to start to take more and more of their budget and put them into supervisor’s office, which funded the specialists that all the supervisors thought they had to have. It was a time in the mid-80s when all the forest planning stuff started to become the big emphasis and they all thought they had to have specialists in order to write their forest plans. What was interesting about the forest planning process, in my opinion, is that the Congress never intended the Forest Service, when they passed that law, to get as intense in forest planning as we got. There were times, I recall, when some of the planners wanted us to actually document the number of times we were going to clean an outhouse, that would be part of the forest plan to give us direction. I heard one staff officer say one time, “The reason we’re doing that is because you rangers aren’t getting the job done!” In other words, our campgrounds weren’t as clean as they should’ve been – and that part’s true, but that wasn’t the way to fix it. And so our plan started to get deeper, and deeper and deeper, and it took longer, and longer and longer to get them approved. It was interesting to me that by the time the process got from the start until somebody approved the plan at the end, many years had gone by and the issues had changed! And yet, we Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  4   �were operating with a plan that now wasn’t up-to-date. And you know you just saw our effectiveness being eroded away. People were spending way too much time in the office, doing planning, in a plan that wasn’t going to be current when it actually went out on the street. And so, I guess, a long story short is that it was wasted energy. The issues had changed and the plan wasn’t necessarily addressing what the current issues needed addressing. And yet, you were theoretically bound by the old plan when you needed to be in a different box, and the plan kept pulling you back to this box because that’s what’s written there – but time has changed and you needed to be over this one. And the arguments of trying to get back and forth between what’s real and what was old. I think it was wearing people out. Another interesting thing about that is that, and this again is my opinion, a specialist, when they came to work for the Forest Service (an “ologist” of some sort), with the exception of wildlife biologists (many districts had wildlife biologists, the ended up being an issue by themselves) the specialists in the supervisor’s office had no objectives. They were supposed to advise us in the woods from time to time. You know, we were supposed to go ask their opinion about cause and effect of some management activity we were involved in, and they would write an opinion. Whether we agreed with it or not didn’t matter, we did what needed to be done on the ground. It frustrated them greatly because some of them were more swung to the environmentalist side of things and they saw, timber activity for example, being very anti to the good of the forest. They were often opposed or very restrictive in their comments in how we would go about doing that business. As a side note, despite the fact that we’d been managing timber stands since 1905, all of a sudden, you know in the 1980s we couldn’t do it right anymore. With the caveat that it is true that in the 1960s there was way too much emphasis in the Forest Service and in the political processes for harvesting timber, that’s true. And many ranger districts and people working on their districts did some really dumb things that generated justifiable controversy, and justifiable reaction. The solution wasn’t the right solution. The way we went and tied up our hands so much that you couldn’t manage at all. And many of the “ologists” contributed to that confusion because of their backgrounds and where they came from and so forth, they would’ve been really good Park Service employees because that’s what the Park Service does. But that wasn’t the mission of the Forest Service, by law it wasn’t their mission. It got to the point where it was just a big argument to get things done. The effectiveness of the organization, I think you could plot an accurate curve that shows the Forest Service effectiveness declining as a result of those years. To this very day I’m not convinced, well I am convinced the Forest Service is just another government bureaucracy now, it has lost the prestige and the accuracy and the wisdom that it once had. Now we’re managing by a book instead – forest management is not an exact science, there has to be a lot of intuition and lot of creative thought that goes into managing those woods. When you try to do it from a book it’s not nearly as effective. I listen to a lot of my old compadres that are still working with the Forest Service and I know it’s not the same, and I don’t know that they’re as happy as we once were. It seems to be a struggle. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  5   �Even in the fire organization we used to escape to fires – what a wonderful experience that was! Not that the forest was burning, that’s not the point; but you had one objective, it didn’t matter what you got paid, what your salary was, what your position in the Forest Service was – you went away to a fire and you played a role and you focused on an objective. I might be supervising – at the time I might have been a GS9 [US Federal General Schedule (GS) Classification System], supervising GS13s – you know, the bosses! And I’m their boss on a fire, kind of thing. But nobody cared. That was never an issue! You never had to get out of your chair because some GS13 walked into the room, for example. But that does happen in some agencies, but it never happened in the fire organization. You just went, you did your duty, you put the fire out and you went home feeling good about it. But now they’ve got so many rules that those guys have to pay attention to, and so many checkmarks on a form they have to put on, you know, before they can proceed anywhere. They look at you and they say, “It’s just not fun. It’s just not working.” There are just too many handcuffs put on people now days. Anyway. BC: You mentioned you were the district ranger in Logan. What exactly is a district ranger? DB: This is what made the Forest Service the organization it was. World class organizations, according to the people that study this, only have seven or less line positions -- the Forest Service had four! World class and then some: a chief, a regional forester, forest supervisor, and a district ranger. The district ranger was the number four position in that organizational scheme. Everyone else who worked for the Forest Service, with the exception of the research branch, (in my day – it’s different now – but in my day) worked for one of those four positions. Generally speaking, at the National Headquarters there was the National Forest System (and that’s the side I worked for), then there was a research part that you know, that was an organization separate from the National Forest organization. Then there was a state and private organization that dealt with the laws and what have you that dealt with the government’s assistance to states in forestry kinds of issues. Those three basic organizations had their own organizations. So we’ll just push those two over to the side (the state and private and the research guys, because that’s not what I was) and I worked for the National Forest system side of things, and there was only four people in the chain of command. And everybody else on that side worked for one of those four people. So it was decentralized. As a district ranger I actually had more authority than the superintendent of Yellowstone National Park, in the context that they could not sign environmental documents in the days I worked around the Park. They had to go to their next level to get approval for all of this stuff. You’d ask the ranger, I could sign those documents up to you know, any environmental analysis that was done on a district the ranger had the authority to sign those in those days (it may have changed now today, I haven’t kept track of it), but in those days you know. We wrote the environmental statements and the supervisor would sign those. We had a lot of authority to do the business and it was a very effective way to do business. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  6   �So the district ranger’s responsibility is to, the National Forest system is organized into forests, of course -- the regions forests and districts. There are nine regions (although we have a number ten because that’s what Alaska is but there’s a region missing in there – I don’t think there’s a region seven – anyway, doesn’t matter). The regions then are organized into National Forests. Region four regional office is in Ogden, we don’t need to count them, but I think there’s about 16 or so without counting them up, National Forests attached to that regional office: in Utah, Idaho, western Montana and Nevada. That’s the area of the region. Then the forests are usually organized into, depending on the forest, into four, five or six ranger districts. Each ranger district then has the responsibility of management on – anywhere between 250,000 acres – I was on one district where the district area was a half a million acres. The ranger has the responsibility of the activities that take place on that district. Usually has, depending again on the district size, Logan had three assistant positions: a clerk, an assistant clerk, and some long-term but temporary positions. I think we had three of those. Then in the summer the workforce could expand, depending on what kind of budget was available to 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 seasonals that would come on and work during the summertime. We had the responsibility of all of that; their welfare, you know, their work assignments, the management planning that took place on the district. We did that. The Logan budget ran anywhere between, 600 to $900,000. BC: Wow. DB: Depending on the year. So you’re responsible for the budget and the money, and how it’s spent and all the physical integrity of all of that sort of thing. If somebody makes a mistake it’s always the ranger’s fault, that sort of thing. BC: [Laughing] When you started in Logan, what year was that? DB: I came here in 1984 as the ranger. BC: Okay. And what was the condition of the forest when you arrived? DB: I followed a dear old man, by the name of MJ Roberts, who had been the ranger here at Logan for nearly 20 years. MJ grew up in a period when the Forest Service was doing some interesting political things that, in hind sight, was probably not the wisest thing for us to do. So it would be easy to criticize that generation for the work that they did, but they did a good job based on the circumstances that they [had] to deal with in those days. The problem was what they left was hard. For example, during the 1960s and 70s, especially in the 1960s – and this carried over into the 70s as well – Congress was not funding the Forest Service as well as they had in the past. The Forest Service’s influence in Congress wasn’t as strong as it had been previous to that, and some of the funds were getting a little short. Congress had different things in mind: timber was one of them, watershed was one of them, and recreation wasn’t one of them. So as a strategy we decided that we wouldn’t put as much emphasis on our campgrounds either. We would let them just go downhill a little bit, and then Congress would recognize they needed to put more money there, and therefore they would! But they didn’t. So by 1984 when I Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  7   �came, the condition of our campgrounds was, they were in pretty bad shape. Our roads were in pretty bad shape; our trails were in bad shape. We were just out doing things, but we weren’t accomplishing a lot. My recreation crews, for example, I discovered – they would go to a campground and they would paint one table, then they would drive 20 miles to another campground and paint one table! We were making no progress and we were going basically downhill on those things. So when MJ finally retired and I had an opportunity to come here, I actually made a promise I would not say anything for six months, until I knew that my premonitions were accurate, and they were. So the issues that we had, especially in Logan Canyon, was the condition of our campgrounds and picnic grounds; the condition of our roads; the condition of our trails were a big concern; off-road vehicle traffic. We were getting about 12 new miles of unauthorized, new trails and roads created every year just by the off-road vehicle traffic. They were going into places they shouldn’t be going to, we had trails starting up all the ridges and up all the canyons that didn’t have roads in them. That was a big concern. And then in Logan Canyon itself we had a horrendous litter problem. I mean it was almost embarrassing to drive up the canyon sometimes and see all the messes that the general public had to look at. It was our responsibility, theoretically, to keep things neat and clean, and we weren’t doing a very good job with that. During my whole time on the district, those five issues drove most of what we were doing, with the exception of one other area that we can talk about later. The other area involved the whole district and not just Logan Canyon. And so with a limited budget and limited people, the great dilemma was, “how are you going to make progress in all of those areas?” That was the great dilemma. Another issue that raised its head, during my tenure there anyway was Logan Canyon highway. That wasn’t an issue when I first started, but right in the middle they decided they wanted to improve the highway for another section. After having put one phase in and then lost on the second phase, I think is the way the history goes, the environmentalists took them to court and the court shut the state down. They backed away from trying to improve the canyon. And then came back while I was there with yet another proposal that got very, very controversial for awhile. Really for some silly reasons – it didn’t have to get that way. We as government workers sometimes don’t make the wisest decisions all the time. So anyway, that’s what we were dealing with -- those five things. I was there for eight and a half years and those issues didn’t change. BC: What role did the Forest Service play in the Logan Canyon, the road highway? DB: Well, probably more than we should have could have or legally could have because the easement for the highway obviously was under the control of the state of Utah and the Federal Highway Administration. But technically once you got outside of the right of way, any impacts to Logan Canyon was an issue to us. We felt very strongly that we should have some input into the plan to improve the highway. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  8   �At the beginning I found out that UDOT was going to propose some improvements to the canyon from the newspaper – they didn’t even call us to tell us. And so they left notice of a meeting, I went to the meeting; I listened to what they were trying to do. When they were finished I walked up to the highway engineer who was a nice, cooperative fellow, and I said to him – his name was Lynn Zollinger – and I said, “Lynn, you’re talking about writing an environmental impact statement on a highway that you only propose to replace three bridges.” (The bridge at Right Hand Fork had deteriorated to the point where they needed to replace it; the next bridge up was too narrow; and then the big bridge at the dugway – I mean if you try to pass a semi truck coming this way, if you remember, and you were not too tight against the edge, mirrors could actually click past each other, it was that tight.) And they wanted to write an environmental impact statement and I said to them, “Why? The bridges are in place, they have to have maintenance. If that’s all you’re proposing, why are you going to spend $500,000 and write an environmental impact statement on something that doesn’t matter?” He says, “What do you mean?” And I said, “You could write an environmental assessment for less than $10,000, and replace those bridges.” And he blinked a little bit and said, “Really? I’ll even volunteer to write them for you.” So they went back to the Federal Highway Administration, and what an interesting experience that was! The Federal Highway Administration, their regional office for this area was in Salt Lake City, and they said to UDOT, “No, by golly! You said that this program was controversial, it’s controversial and you’ve got to write an impact statement!” So I went down there one time and I said to the engineer down there, I said, “If all they’re going to do is replace bridges you don’t need to spend $500,000 of the taxpayer’s money writing a document that doesn’t matter.” And the guy turned to me and he said, “What right does a forester have telling an engineer how to do his job?” [Laughing] And I said to him, “I’m not trying to do that, I’m just trying to save you some time, energy and money.” He says, “No. The state said it was controversial, it is controversial, therefore, and they’re going to write an environmental impact statement.” So they wouldn’t back off of that position. It was their money that the state needed to do the job, of course. So they came back and said, “We’ve got to write the impact statement.” So I told them, and this in hindsight might have been bad advice, I said, “Then write the environmental impact statement for the whole canyon. One project for the next ten years, and then you’ll only have to do it once. We’ll do the bridges, you’ll do passing lanes and other kinds of things that you might think are important and so forth, and it will work fine.” This is the interesting thing. (A side note on what I thought management and the public ought to be like.) I’ll tell you a little bit later on another issue why this is important. We knew the public was interested in what we were doing. And we knew that they were mad at us for not listening to them. So I told my staff, “Folks, we’ve got to go out of our way to talk to these folks and to discuss what the issues are.” So I went to the environmentalists who were opposed to anything in Logan Canyon, and I said, “Folks, they want to replace four bridges. They have to widen them a little bit because they’re deteriorating and we need to do something up with the dugway, it’s just absolutely too Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  9   �narrow.” And they basically didn’t disagree with that, but they didn’t trust UDOT. And so I said, “Okay. If I can get a member of your group to sit on a committee with the engineers that are planning all of this and if UDOT will agree that they will not proceed until they have an agreement in this committee, what will you do?” And they said, “Well if we can have a say and they will listen to what our issues are, we can’t oppose; as long as they’ll be a little bit flexible.” And so we had the solution. Except at the very first meeting where all of these people met, UDOT had hired CH2MHill as their primary contractor, and the CH2MHill engineer who was in charge of the project got up and said, “We are going to make the decisions.” And I thought, “You can’t do that, we didn’t agree to that. You’re going to lose the environmental community if you do that.” And they just would not back off of that. What they said was, “We’ll make the decisions, then you can review it. And if you don’t like those decisions, we can talk about it.” But they were never willing to talk about it in the sense that we could change it. And the environmentalists – they came to several meetings, and then the wall went up and it was not going to be possible to coordinate and to cooperate. We were that close! I had my fingers parted about 3/8 of an inch to having that controversy settled and to get the bridges fixed and then we would negotiate just some passing lanes somewhere. And it went from there to, you know, to the concept, “Well this is a highway, we have to have highway standards. We’ve got to have eight feet outside the white line, even in the middle part of the canyon.” That was the argument that started. We came back with arguments like, “But in Yellowstone National Park they don’t have eight feet on the other side of the white line. You concur that you can do other kinds of things but if you go that way, then you’ve got to fuss with the river again.” That was my biggest concern. I’m a fisherman. When I went to school here at Utah State University, I can remember in one of the classes that we went up Logan Canyon, on the old highway (before the first improvement section was actually done – because they built that just after I graduated) they had a famous hole they called “The Big Hole.” The road kind of looped right around it this way. And in that hole was a 15 pound cutthroat that they’d shocked out of there one day. In those days you could catch three or four pound rainbows and occasionally a large cutthroat and a large brown out of the river. It was a good stream. But when they built that second section, they began to straight-line the river. Their fill slope went right down to the edge in one area, which I’ll illustrate an issue it caused here in a second. But the Big Hole became a controversy in that first phase that they put in there. People were objecting that they were going to run the river straight down the edge of the highway and cut that meander out of the river totally. UDOT finally compromised and said that they would protect the hole. So they built two bridges that they didn’t want to build. The problem was they built the bridge to pass floodwater, but not in a hydrologic-compatible way to protect that corner. What they did was they built a coverted cement box and put the bridge over it. It would allow the river to go through it alright, but it constricted it greatly. So when you constrict water and blow it out the other end it’s going to come out in a great philosophy. And so it came out, was able to pick up the bed load and move it someplace. Just down stream from the Big Hole is the other Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  10   �bridge, which the fast water backs up against and slows down, and then shoots out the other side of it. But while it slowed down it dropped that bed load right in the middle of that Big Hole. And it’s gone. The river goes through there, but the prime habitat that was there for that one big fish, from a 10-15 foot hole went to two feet with water running over it. You know, the fish is gone of course. This cut-slope issue became an issue in about the spring of 1984 when I got here, that winter of ’83-’84 there was a lot of snow in the woods. When the water came out, it came out hard. Well, when the river comes up it spreads out over its little floodplain and there are no issues. We have summer homes here, here and here, scattered everywhere up and down that river, and there was enough floodplain that flooding of those summer homes wasn’t an issue. When that highway slope came down to the edge of the river in some places, and the water had no place to go except off the other side -- where all the cabins were -- we had water going through many of the cabins a foot deep through their front rooms and all that sort of thing. Anyway, we knew those kinds of things were going to be issues; they were issues in the past. And what they had done in the canyon caused some of those issues. We were hoping that we would learn from the past and do better things in the future. But the engineers that were working on that at that time – I’m telling you that they’re good men – but they’re engineers. As a forester I can say this, because there is a controversy between foresters and engineers on who knows best of how to do things. Engineers are good at building things, but foresters have a little bit better sensitivity to the land. If engineers had that same sensitivity there wouldn’t have been a controversy up there. So anyway, through the middle part of the canyon there was attempt to get the road wider and wider and wider. And there’s no place to widen the road in there without massive cuts up the side of the hill and/or straightening out the river or massive concrete bridges that cantilever over the river so they don’t have to do any damage to the stream channel – which they do anyway because the flow’s not the same. That project, for those kinds of reason, just escalated and escalated and escalated until there wasn’t a whole lot of cooperation. UDOT was doing what they would do as engineers. To the credit of some of them though, they knew that there had to be some compromises there and they were working a very delicate balance between the compromises and what the Federal Highway Administration was going to require of them. I felt sorry for them like that, but they began to make decisions in closets and then coming out and trying to justify them in public. If you have time, I’ll tell you why that doesn’t work, and so forth. Bottom line of the long story is that they improved Logan Canyon highway and they did a remarkably good job doing it. Yes, they backed off of some of the things they wanted to do, but they were able to do some of the things that the environmental community opposed, thinking that it was bad, bad, bad. Once it was built you could see that they really didn’t do any damage and they really did improve the highway. We have some passing lanes where there weren’t passing lanes before on some flat country. You know it worked out really, really well. I think the bottom line of all of it is that UDOT was able to improve that highway just about as well as they wanted to and could’ve done. The issue was they could have done it at the beginning, $500,000 cheaper had they just realized that Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  11   �they had a public that was concerned. If they would’ve worked just a little bit differently with the public and listened to them a little bit, responded in a positive way, they wouldn’t have had to spend over $1,000,000 to complete the document. The $1,000,000 would have built all three bridges. [Laughing] And would’ve done a lot to improve their highway, and yet they put it into the paperwork, and then still had to spend the money to do what they probably could’ve got away with anyway had they managed it just a little bit differently. Now I get criticized sometimes for criticizing UDOT that way. I don’t mean to sound critical of them, but I’ve been through the experiences that they contributed in the canyon issue. And I knew what could work and what couldn’t work. The sad thing was is they just couldn’t or wouldn’t listen and respond well enough to allow those kinds of things to work in their favor. So they’ve got big walls built, their thick, hard steel reinforced concrete walls – anything they do in that canyon now they’re just not going to get any cooperation from people that might oppose them automatically because they don’t trust the highway engineer -- which is a shame because like I said earlier, there are some really good people there. They don’t deserve that kind of criticism. But on the other hand, they brought it on themselves just by being too autocratic in the way they did their business. Logan Canyon ended up being one of the most interesting and the most difficult of all the assignments that we had. The Forest Service isn’t clean in this either. The supervisor got tired of UDOT engineers complaining that our district was requiring them to do too many little things. I stood right in the middle of them and told them they weren’t going to do this and this and this, they had to consider this. And they kept asking me what authority I had to do this. I don’t know if I had any authority or not, I just said it. They finally put the Forest Engineer in charge of the Logan Canyon issue and backed the district off a little bit, which I thought was a mistake. It further built the walls a little bit thicker. Our Forest Engineer was able to work with the highway engineers, but so could we. But it was engineer to engineer instead of a different disciplines trying to work out, you know, a “better vision” so to speak. But again, the bottom line is they built what they could have built, they built what they needed to build. They could’ve done that in the beginning had they been a little bit more open with the public, in my opinion, and we would’ve saved the taxpayers several hundreds of thousands of dollars in the process. I think that’s what bothers me the most. I knew they were going to build what they were going to build. And I knew that it was okay, what they were going to do. It didn’t need to cost so much extra money just in the process of getting it approved, in my opinion. BC: You described kind of a process where you tried to get all parties at the table in the beginning of that. Did you successfully use that same system on other, like travel plans, and things like that? DB: Yes. Travel plan is probably one of the things I think the district should be the proudest of all of their accomplishments during the [19]‘80s and early ‘90s. It came to pass in the most interesting way. My whole career goal, for example, I wanted to be a district ranger. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  12   �I didn’t want to be a forest supervisor, I didn’t want to go to a supervisor’s office, I didn’t want to go to the Washington office; I wanted to be a district ranger. I’m not egotistical when I tell you this, and I’m not boasting when I tell you this either, but that’s what I trained for. I read management books that lots of people read, and I read them several times. I knew what it took. I knew what successful organizations did. I knew what successful bosses did. I tried very, very hard – these aren’t my ideas, they’re other people’s ideas – but I was impressed with them enough to think that I needed to try them. Most changes in management styles take three or four to five years to implement. And if you get discouraged in that timeframe and don’t get to the fifth year, they’ll throw them out saying it was a bad idea when it really wasn’t. You just have to be able to stick to it for that long. One of the things that makes an organization successful is their exemplary customer service, I mean they bend over backwards for their customers. The Forest Service customer is the person that uses the woods: the camper, the hunter, the fisherman, the person that drives up and down the road just enjoying the scenery. Another trait is that the boss managed by wandering around. He knew what was going on. He didn’t sit in an office and have people report to him and then make decisions on somebody’s spin to an issue. He was there; he knew what he was looking at. So I spent an extraordinary amount of time in the woods. My supervisor used to get after me, “I want you to this meeting!” “I can’t be to this meeting, I am going over here.” And I resisted going to meetings a lot. And/or when she called on the telephone I was never in the office. And she said, “I know you’re out there doing your duty, but I need you!” I couldn’t do that. Our district motto was “The highest quality money could buy.” And our mindset wasn’t there. That’s why I told you about painting the tables. One in the campground and one in another campground doesn’t make the campground look good. So I knew what the crews were doing and I knew what the people in the woods were thinking, because I went and asked them. During hunting season I would get in my pickup truck and I’d stop at every hunting camp and I’d walk in the hunting camp. Sometimes it was hostile. But this is the way I learned about what I’m going to explain to you here in a second. I walked into a hunting camp one time in Temple Fork. They had their campers parked with their rear ends out over the creek, and they were beating up the bank (not any worse than the cows had done, but you know) they were in the wrong place. I wanted to ask them if they would be really mad if we rocked an area 10-20 feet off the edge of the creek so they couldn’t park quite so close. But before I ever got that out of my mouth, the guy says, “What are you doing here?” And I said, “Well I just came to visit and give you a garbage bag and talk about picking up litter and keeping off-road vehicles on the roads, this sort of thing.” He said, “I want you to know you’re in hostile territory.” I said, “Why is that?” The guy was angry, but he wasn’t mean, you know? And he said, “Let me tell you this story. My family, extended family had been camping in Logan Canyon for 50 years.” (This was in the late [19]80s, so it goes back 50 years from there.) And he said, “A couple of years ago.” (Just before I got there.) “You closed our camping place.” It was just a dispersed spot. They drove down an old road and there was a little flat they camped on every year, three or four, five, six times a year, and then hard during the hunting season. We were closing roads because we were getting too many of Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  13   �them, you know, unauthorized. So they moved to another location and they hadn’t been there two months before a sign went up saying “This area is closed to camping.” They moved to another area and we did the same thing (and this is over just a couple of years). And they moved to another area and we did the same thing. And then they ended up here on Temple Fork. And they said, “If you’re about to tell us that we’re going to move one more time,” he said, “I’m going to shoot you.” [Laughing] But he was kidding! But he was making his point. And I said, “That is really interesting.” And he told me some other families that were having the same issues. And so I went to those families, actually went to their houses, and I talked with them about that. And sure enough they had the same concerns. At that same time we were starting the travel plan process. And we had to identify all the roads we wanted to leave open and all the roads that we were closing. We potentially had 300 miles of road roughly I think we figured out, that we were going to close. We kind of had it in our mindset which ones they were too, because they were all the unauthorized ATV roads. And so when we visited with them, we got the notion (I did anyway) that they would like to have a say in this. The typical Forest Service method of travel planning was we’d go back in the office and the district personnel would draw the roads on the map. And we’d say, “Well leave this one open and we’ll close this one.” Then we’d go to the public and try to justify it. They had no say in it and the first time they saw it on the board was at the public meeting. They would look at it and of course they were opposed; their favorite road’s being closed and nobody could tell them why. So we did it differently. We took our map and we took every road off the district. We just took the whole road system and took it off the map; there were no roads on the district at all. Then we put the obvious main roads back on – the ones that we’d spent hundreds of thousands of dollars putting in and maintaining over the years and our access to the woods kind of roads that would be there no matter what. Then we did something that no other district did as far as I know. We invited the public to come in over a long period of time and we asked them to tell us which roads they would like to see back on the map -with four criteria; and the public bought off on the criteria before we even opened up the process. Any roads you put back on can’t affect water, the streams; it can’t affect vegetation; it can’t erode the soil; it can’t affect wildlife; and we can’t have more than 1.5 miles of road per square mile. And the public said, “Those are fair criteria.” So it was a piece of cake. People walked in the door. The old families that said, “I’ve camped on this spot” (and point to the map) “and drove down this little road, it goes down a rocky old ridge to this little campsite; I would like you to open that road or leave that road open. It’s just one road.” They didn’t care about the rest of the district, just the one road. You went through those five criteria. If there were no issues with those five criteria we said, “Okay.” And they would blink and some of them would say, “You’re kidding!” No! It met the criteria, that’s what we agreed to, so we drew it on the map. By the time eight or nine months had gone by (we left it open that long), we had the road system on the district that most interested the people in the district. That was the important point. I mean, 100% of the public didn’t come in – maybe only 20% came in, but those were the ones that would cause the most issues if an issue were to be had. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  14   �Rudy Lukez – do you remember Rudy? BC: Um-hmm. DB: Rudy who was the local Sierra Club leader? Worked with us day and night on that thing. I respected Rudy a lot, he was fair. And when we got to the end of it and said, “Rudy, this is what it looked like.” He had no argument except for one little motorcycle track around Logan Peak. He said, “I want you to close that,” and I said, “Rudy, why?” “Well because--” the criteria comes to effect, it doesn’t affect any of those kinds of things. The folks who ride a motorcycle do need a place to go. And he reluctantly said, “Well, perhaps. But don’t be surprised if I don’t appeal your plan.” Anyway, there was a little idle threat there. So we said, “Okay Rudy. You do what you need to do.” We published that; put it out to the public. We never had one appeal on it, not one, not even Rudy. We were just tickled to death! I mean, the process worked! You listen to the public, you respond to them in ways that are positive. If you can implement some of their ideas and kind of work with them on some of their concerns, they’ll support you. And they supported us. We didn’t get one appeal. Every ranger district around the Logan District: Montpelier District, Ogden District – eight, nine, ten, 12 appeals apiece; takes months and months to get them all resolved. Then you’ve got a travel plan that’s still controversial because people still aren’t supporting you. They tear your signs out, they drive behind the barriers anyway because nobody’s going to tell them what to do. We had a minor problem with that on the ranger district here in Logan. Some of our signs did come out on a regular basis, but we made it a priority that this is one of our important things – the travel plan was – if it’s going to work we’ve got to enforce it fairly. So we all carried signs in our trucks with us. We all knew which roads were supposed to be open and closed and if the sign was missing we put one up. The first year we probably lost one a month, the same sign every month on a road. The next year we might’ve only replaced it twice. By the third year we weren’t replacing them at all. The public was beginning to support us. Most of the activists in the valley were supporting us, in their club meetings and stuff they were telling people that they needed to behave and so forth. And it was working. We were really proud of the way that it was working. If you were to interview Garth Barker, for example, I think he would say (maybe I’m being too bold in saying this), but I think he would say that during that timeframe they were comfortable and very, very pleased with what that process did for them, and were really comfortable with it up until about maybe 1995-96 when one person on the Logan District said, “We are going to review the decisions in the travel plan and the Forest Service will do this process and then we’ll take it to the public.” And I can remember Garth writing in the newspaper, or somehow I heard some background on it, “no, that’s not we agreed to.” And the Forest Service did it anyway. And they’ve been gradually losing the public ever since which is sad to me because it doesn’t have to happen but it is happening. Anyway, that’s the travel plan thing. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  15   �BC: Seems much more contentious now when you read about it in the paper. DB: Oh yeah. The walls are very, very deep and they’re very, very thick. Cross-country skiing and snowmobiling are two controversial things that occurred even during that time there. I knew it was an issue, I came from the Sawtooth NRA [National Recreational Area], and just before I got there snow machiners and cross country skiers were having a hard time getting along with each other. Somehow, (I don’t know who organized the meeting) they came together and they made some agreements that worked for them. The snow machiner needed early snow and the early snow of course is in the high country. But once it snows up on the Sawtooths, the whole valley is full of snow and the snow machiners can go anywhere and they agreed to back off the high country when sufficient snow was in the low country. Then the cross country skiers (there were a lot of downhill cross country skiers in those days there) would be able to ski off the road edges and down to the road below and drive back up and do their thing. You know, it worked marvelously. So I knew they could get along. And so we already had wildlife closures in the travel plan and they weren’t controversial they were protecting a few elk winter areas and the snow machiners knew that was realistic and it wasn’t an issue, they could get around them without a problem. Bunchgrass wasn’t an issue in those days because we wouldn’t let it become an issue. The cross country skier wanted the snow machines out of Bunchgrass. But no, the cross country skier was there before you guys were and you still can get off and out of their way. In fact you ski up their track and you ski down their track. But they’re not going where you’re going so we’re not going to worry too much about that right now. But the maintenance shed area was controversial. They were not getting along very well there. And I had both groups come into my office, not together but one at a time, and complain about the other one. I told them, “You’re not going to make this into a controversy and you’re going to have to get along because I’m not closing it to one way or the other, for these reasons: the snow machiner goes up the road, up to Swan Creek and back and that country up in there, and they basically make a track for you to get to the deep, powdered snow on north slopes that you can ski down without – the snow machine can’t go there because it’s too soft, they don’t like to go there. They’re going to do the south slopes. Except for the day after a storm, the south slopes are going to crust over two or three days in bright sunshine and it’s hard to ski south slopes on cross country skis, as the technology was in those days. And the snow machine guys are just doing their thing. They’re looping, looping, looping and climbing high up on the hill and having a good time and coming back down. And both of you are using the same country but you’re not in each other’s way. Is that not true?” Well they had to admit that. “Well we don’t like their smell and we don’t like their noise.” Be that as it may, it’s not really an issue because they’re not in the same place anyway. So I wouldn’t let it become an issue, and it didn’t. I feel bad that it is today, it’s a major issue today. And so is Bunchgrass a major issue today. But in my opinion, the reason it is is because the Forest Service again made the decision without talking to their public first. They tried to make a decision and then go sell it, and that is the worst way you could ever do anything in the Forest Service. If a Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  16   �ranger makes a decision and tries to sell it to the public without any public involvement, that’s what he’s calling public involvement – he or she. That’s not public involvement. That’s telling people what you’re going to do and they have no input in it. If it is gets controversial you may not carry it out, but you also won’t implement good things that people could enjoy if it were otherwise. BC: I’m kind of curious; you talk a lot about the interface with the public. When you were becoming a forester and went to school was there any education on how to do public management? Because it seems like that’s a big part of the job now. DB: It’s a major part of the job and no, you know we came out of school as technically trained foresters. We were going to go to the woods and manage timber and wildlife – if you were a wildlife biologist – and cows and sheep and goats. But not necessarily people. If you were a forest recreationist and had a degree in forest recreation from Utah State University you had more of that kind of training, but you were also designing campgrounds and people flow patterns and trail maintenance standards and stuff like that. BC: How about, were you here when the Utah Wilderness deal went through--? DB: Yes, yes I was. BC: And— DB: I came after the negotiations were mostly done and just before the law was passed. BC: So how did that process, was it similar kind of -- ? DB: Again, it’s one of those sad examples of the public and the Forest Service not being able to talk to each other in a positive way. The boundary for Mount Naomi wilderness, for example, is in some places is not a manageable boundary. It has too many little wiggles in it to say that it’s wilderness here, but then the next little squiggle in it it’s not and then it’s wilderness, and so forth. And all the little cherry stems they put up the canyons, you know, so you can drive to a trailhead deep inside the wilderness that comes down both sides of the cherry stem. I was in one meeting with Tom Lyons (who represented the environmentalists at the time) and we were talking about a boundary in Green Canyon, down by Logan. The boundary comes down the Logan Canyon-Green Canyon ridge in a very narrow little stem that comes west towards Logan from the main part of the forest. In places you could almost throw a rock from the wilderness boundary to wilderness boundary. The forest supervisor and I were meeting with them in a meeting one night. The forest supervisor was trying to convince them that, “Let’s just draw the boundary across that little cherry stem and not worry about it.” And Tom would not buy it for a second. He said, “No, we agreed on ‘x’ number of acres for the wilderness. If we cut that out we lose 5,000 acres and we’re not willing to do that.” But he said, “It’s not manageable.” And Tom said, “You see all those trees” (picture Green Canyon, have you been in Green Canyon? So Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  17   �you know on that north slope as you drive up the canyon that you’ve got a cliff, some trees, cliffs and trees, cliffs and trees as it goes up that north-facing slope.) Tom was convinced that we were going to go cut those. I said, “Tom there’s not even any way we can put a road up there, even if that were a possibility.” He said, “No, we don’t trust you. You’re going to cut those so we’re not going to deal with you on this boundary change.” It was no big deal, we didn’t push it beyond that meeting and congress passed it the way the map was drawn and we’ve been dealing with it ever since. It’s a little interesting because, in my opinion, wilderness should be wilderness. You shouldn’t have a road in wilderness that Richmond city, for example, can drive their pickup trucks over to get to a well-developed water system that’s inside the wilderness boundary. To me that doesn’t seem wilderness-y. Or to have a road that goes so far up the middle of it for, you know, for whatever reason. But that’s the way it was passed so I guess that’s what we deal with. I don’t know if it’s one of the first, but it’s one of the early wildernesses new in the 1980s that did have those little extenuating uses allowed inside the boundary; mostly for municipal water systems. Some miners had access to patented mining claims inside the wilderness (not ours, but you know, others). BC: And then the other big issue that came along during that period was the STLA Lands? DB: Yeah, that came after I left. BC: After you left? Okay. DB: We were involved a little bit in the beginning. I took the Seth Allen (who was then the Cache County – what do they call it?) BC: Commissioner? DB: No he wasn’t a commissioner. He was what Lynn Lemon, the executive – BC: The county executive, that’s right, yeah. DB: Yeah. Seth Allen was the county executive and we toured the country a few times talking about those kinds of issues. But I left before the decisions were made to change them around. But you can ask – what I thought about them? [Laughing] BC: What did you think about them? DB: It’s very efficient to block up ownership so you don’t have the state sections inside the National Forest. If you can eliminate those kinds of things it just makes management for both agencies a lot easier. But the way it came to pass, you know, the political-ness of the Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  18   �thing was a concern to me because the state’s objective is to use state lands to make money; which means that if summer homes made them more money than cows then they would develop summer homes. Or if there was a mine, some minerals, they would be a lot more open to managing the minerals because it generated funds for whatever fund benefited from that activity. And being in National Forest ownership I think we had a little bit better handle on making forests, forests and not open to golf courses and you know, more recreation cabins and so forth. So I was a little disappointed that something different wasn’t done around Beaver Mountain. We weren’t ever going to allow condominiums and that kind of development to take place up there. But with the state now in control of that stuff it can be a possibility, I’m not saying they’re thinking like that. But it’s a possibility. We wanted to purchase that 400 acres at the mouth of that highway that goes up to Beaver Creek. On the south side of the highway there’s 400 acres, 440 acres I think, of private ground in there. We wanted to pick that up really bad just to keep the urbanization of Logan Canyon to a minimum. I believe the county ordinances won’t allow much development in there right now, but of course they can change. I just think it would be sad to drive Logan Canyon and all of a sudden have to drive through a community, you know. That’s my opinion. BC: The other thing I wondered about – it seemed like in the early 1980s is the time period you saw a lot more women moving into the Forest Service and U.S. Wildlife Service and stuff. Did that happen with you and how was that change accepted or? DB: Well it wasn’t just women, it was women and minorities and specialists. All three of those were kind of in the same box, so to speak. I think that’s an interesting question and my answer is probably somewhat biased. I believe that the forester, whether it is a man or a woman or a minority, it’s not what they were, it’s what they are: a forester. Most of the foresters in the Forest Service, range conservationists as well, at that time were white males. It’d been 80 years getting to that particular point and to suggest that we automatically change the agency overnight to be this marvelous balance was 1) in my opinion, not fair to those people who’d already spent 15, 20, 30 years working and growing and learning and were most qualified for some of the leadership positions (not in every case, but generally speaking their backgrounds would allow them to take the next step up the ladder, so to speak). And to be replaced by a woman or a minority that had been in the service for five or six years didn’t ever seem fair to me. They didn’t have the experience; they didn’t have the background and so forth. So I had some fairly strong concerns about that. A forest supervisor came to me one day and said, “I want you to take one of your GS3 summer positions, and I want you to fill it with a minority.” And I told the supervisor I wouldn’t do it. He’d never been told that before, I don’t think, because the look on his face was of quite surprise. But what I had working on the Logan District at the time were people that had been on the district for a minimum of 10 years and many had been on for 15 years. And I wasn’t about to take that kind of an experienced person and put them out Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  19   �to pasture to tell them when they came back from whatever they were doing that they didn’t have a summer job because I was going to put a minority in that position, I couldn’t do it. I wouldn’t do it. But I told the supervisor, I said, “But you watch this district and I’ll bet you within a year we have a better percentage than any other district on this whole forest.” Because I knew the staff was working in that direction. They were picking up people that were qualified that would help the district succeed, not meet some quota. And yet at the end of the year we had a higher percentage of women and minorities working on our district than any other district on the whole forest. And we weren’t forced into it and we didn’t wave our red flags to see how great we were (whereas some of the other rangers were getting points for all of the attention they paid to that). We spent our time focused on the woods. And we hired people that could help us meet those objectives. And if a good young lady or a minority of any kind were qualified to help us do that we sought them out and we got them and we did get them. They liked working for the district. Then our percentages were higher than anybody else’s. And you know what? We never got one ounce of recognition for that. BC: Huh. [Laughing] DB: But we didn’t care. That’s not what we were seeking. We knew it was the right way to go. We knew it was the right thing to do. People needed to have opportunities to grow. They need to start somewhere, and we were willing to give them an opportunity to start, but it was on our terms not on somebody else’s quota. But it worked. I was really proud of the staff and the way they went about that. We had Native Americans, we had women. It was cool. BC: I had a couple of questions going back to when you went to school here at Utah State University. Who were some of your favorite professors when you were there? DB: I laugh because when I started forestry school, I started in 1960, and I went one year and I went on an LDS mission and came back in 1963. In 1960 there was Doc Daniels and Ray Moore – the two famous professors. When I came back there was still Doc Daniels and Ray Moore, Carl Johnson (and a few other names that I could think of but I’m not) there; a very small faculty and not very many students. And so we got to know Doc extremely well and we got to know Ray extremely well, really well. And then you can’t help but thinking back on those days about those two old rascals. Yeah, they were good guys. Doc was harder than nails. He was a hard professor. Unless you were extremely articulate and absolutely perfect he gave very few “A”s. But he loved us and then we respected him a great deal too. We knew he cared about us he just wanted us to perform the levels that we sometimes couldn’t reach! [Laughing] But Ray Moore was my advisor, I think for most of the whole time I was in school. I got “C”s out of Doc Daniels until all of the required subjects were over and then he taught some other classes that weren’t required and I took them anyway because they would help us in our background. And I got “A”s in those. He said, “If you’re dumb enough to take me after three years of silviculture” he said, “I can’t help but give you an ‘A’!” [Laughing] Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  20   �So anyway, those are the two guys I remember the most. There are others but those stand out. Both have gone now too, haven’t they? BC: Um-hmm. What about any influential writers or books you’ve read that stand out? DB: Gifford Pinchot wrote a book on the Forest Service; I’ve read that book twice. That’s probably the most influential book I’ve read about the philosophy of the Forest Service. It focused my mind on certain principles. But other than that, you look at our text books; they were all (let’s see I don’t even remember the name of them now. I remember the titles but I don’t remember who the printer was). I can tell you they were red books with the tree symbol on the front of them and they were the technical manuals that we all used in those days. I still have some copies out in the garage somewhere I think. But as far as books go, you know influence goes, I was more influenced by the writers of management systems; what makes good companies good companies and what makes good leaders good leaders – than I was by the books we were exposed to while we were in school. I’ll tell you one story though that’s interesting to me, that helped shape some of my background thinking too. When I graduated, as I said earlier, I spent three years in Colorado Springs doing watershed studies basically. The Forest Service had a lot of watershed money in those days, and I’m glad because I got hired off that money. I walked all over Pikes Peak for three years just doing type lines around vegetative cover types and so forth. But when I finally got back to the district I was assigned to the Dubois District on the Shoshone National Forest. Now I was the main timber sale administrator and I’d never administered a timber sale before let along read a timber sale contract. And yet I was dealing with Louisiana Pacific, 50 million board feet supply lines – 12, 20, 30 million board feet timber sales – and I had no clue what was going on there. The ranger at the time, his name was Harold Wadley, a legend in the Forest Service. That man could get more things done than anyone I ever knew! He convinced United States Plywood and then Champion Paper that they weren’t going to get 30 million board feet off the Dubois District anymore, they were going to get 1.8 million board feet and they did it without complaint. He was a marvelous guy. I told him one day, I said, “Harold, I have never administered a timber sale.” He said, “Doesn’t matter, I’ll tell you what to do.” He said, “You just go up to the woods and you take your crew stick and you measure stumps.” I said, “Measure stumps?” The contract required a stump height of 12 inches – you can’t be any higher than that, you can be lower. And he said, “You’d be surprised what happens.” So I went up there and I kicked the stump and I’d put my ruler by it and I’d measure it and I’d wonder on. I had no clue as to what I was doing. But later I discovered that the skid trail lines were now straight and on the line they were supposed to be, the roads being built where they were marked. The loggers were dropping things so that they could skid them out without knocking all the other trees over. And I would come back and it would be a mess and I’d start kicking stumps again and everything would just smooth out; a wonderful lesson. I remembered that ever since. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  21   �But I had marked a spruce stand one day. About 30 acres worth and this old logger had been sawing trees for probably 50 years – asked me one day to eat lunch with him and I said, “Sure.” After a little while he said, “Would you mind if I told you something?” And I said, “No!” He said, “I understand exactly what you did with these spruce trees, but I can’t cut them down. And the only way to get them to fall so that the cut off tree doesn’t fall on somebody unexpectedly is I have to go over to this next tree. I have to cut it and drop it into that clump of trees that you marked and knock everything down, including the good trees. And that’s not what you want.” And I said, “No, that’s not what I want.” (Just as a little background – spruce can grow as individual trees or sometimes they’ll grow in clumps. And if they grow in clumps, the outside trees are all wind firm but the inside trees aren’t. So if you cut out the outside trees the inside ones all fall down or blow over in the wind. So I marked all the inside trees to leave the wind firm ones on the outside. But the wind firm ones on the outside held up the trees on the inside and they wouldn’t fall down.) So he said to me, “Can I make a suggestion?” And I said, “Sure.” And he said, “Why don’t you just mark the whole clump, and then don’t mark the next clump, and so forth. And then you’ll still have that scattered tree system about here. They’ll all stand up. I can cut the trees down, we can get them out of here and we won’t do any damage.” And I thought to myself, “What a marvelous idea!” I’d never thought of that. And so that’s what we did and it worked out fine. Six months later from Colorado State University the main Forest Service researcher in Engelmann Spruce management came out with what was a brilliantly written marking guides for Engelmann Spruce. And guess what his suggestion was for clumpy spruce? Almost word for word with what that old man told me. BC: [Laughing] Maybe he talked to the same guy! DB: I don’t know! But I learned a great lesson from that old man. You know, there are people around here that know a lot more than you do, even though they haven’t been to college and you would do well to listen to them. That set my thinking about listening to the public too, in that point in time. BC: Um-hmm. DB: One short, other example. In Logan Canyon at Rick Springs, we used to have a flush toilet there. It was a big pain in the neck because the water system wouldn’t deliver reliable water supply. So it was always shut down and then people were relieving themselves in front of the doors and behind it, you know. It was just a stinky mess. And so the engineers came back to us and said, “Well, your water system doesn’t meet state standards and so we’re going to spend $75,000 to put a new water system in.” And I said, “You’re going to what?!” $75,000 of the taxpayers’ money to put an inch, basically inside diameter water supply to an outhouse that is broken down more than it functions! I said, “I don’t think we should do that.” Well the engineers thought that was their decision Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  22   �and not mine. I told them, “No it’s not your decision, it’s the district’s decision and we don’t necessarily think that’s what you ought to do.” So I went up there one day to ask the public what they thought. “If we tore that toilet out,” was the question, “what would be your response?” And the only two people in that parking lot were two ladies laying on top of their car sunbathing, scantily clothed. The kid with me said, “You’re not going to go up and ask them that question, are you?” I said, “Certainly I am!” So I went up there and I knocked on the side of the door and of course they jumped up startled and looked at me and I had my uniform on and stuff and they said, “Uh, what did we do?” “Well you didn’t do anything; I just want to ask you a question.” So I asked them the question. And there in all of their suntan glory said, “No, we don’t think you ought to do that. It seems like it’s too much money for what it’s worth.” So we asked a few other people around. Most of the local don’t use that. What it was used mostly by were the bus companies on tour from Salt Lake, or wherever they’re coming from, going over to Bear Lake and then on over to Yellowstone. That was just a stop. So we didn’t ask them, but we tore it out anyway and we never heard a word and we never spent $75,000 of the taxpayers’ money putting in a water system that probably wouldn’t work anyway. Anyway, so that’s kind of the way we managed the district. We went out and asked and if somebody had a better idea than we did we would implement the idea. And it really confused people. They didn’t think that a government agency would listen to anybody but we tried really hard to do so. BC: One quick question on the fellows name Wadley? How do you spell that? DB: Harold Wadley was W-A-D-L-E-Y I think was the way they spelled it. Wadley. BC: Okay. That will help when we transcribe it. DB: Yeah. He was an interesting guy. He was a super patriot! Took leaves of absence and fought in Korea and then in Vietnam. And he was wounded badly in Vietnam but it still never slowed him down any. He couldn’t raise his (I don’t remember which arm it was), he loved to hunt, but he couldn’t raise a gun up anymore so he shot it from the hip! [Laughing] BC: And then somebody had mentioned that you were involved in trying to have some of the summer home leases pulled, or? DB: Yeah. When I got here – not generally the whole bunch, but when I arrived in 1984 a cabin at what we call Red Bridge (which is half way between Stokes’ Nature Center and Second Dam, there was a cabin at Red Bridge). Now the kids use it – there’s a big rock behind where the cabin was and they use it to rock climb and practice on it now. But it was owned by a guy by the name of Chase Peterson from Tremonton. And ten years before I got here Chase had signed an agreement that he would give up his rights to the cabin. It was in the wrong place. You know that trail went right through his front door Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  23   �almost, that’s up there now, and the public and he were having a few problems and so forth. He agreed to give it up. So I happen to arrive the spring that the ten years were up. So the decision had already been made to take it out. But Chase didn’t think that the Forest Service would go through with it. I don’t know if I was being unreasonable or not, but I mean he agreed and so we said we were going to take it out and there was no room to renew it. So come June or July that year he was supposed to go, he wouldn’t go. He was supposed to go, he wouldn’t go. He went to the Regional Forestry, went to the Forest Supervisor. Bless the hearts of those two men, they backed up the district’s decision. So Logan City was fussing with their water line at the time and agreed to take a ‘dozer up there and knock it over and put it in a dump truck and take it out to the dump. The day we’d planned to do that Chase shows up and stands in front of the bulldozer. I mean he’s an older guy! BC: Yeah. DB: So we went up there to try and negotiate the situation. Of course he’d called the newspaper and the newspaper was there. I believe they had a picture of me standing on the guard rail with one foot up on the guard rail and my head hung down like this and Chase jabbering in the background. Eventually we tore it down that day and it left and so did he, and that was the end of the controversy. The summer home issue and the Forest Service is interesting in my opinion. Way back in our history there was a fairly political debate as to who should be the recreation supplier in the country: the Park Service or the Forest Service. The Secretary of Interior wanted the National Forest for recreation and of course the Secretary of Agriculture wanted the National Forest for the multiple uses that it was supposed to provide. And so in order to compete with the Park Service, the Forest Service got in the recreation business. We built campgrounds and summer homes were one of the recreational uses that were permitted on the forest at that time. A number of National Forests across the west especially have summer home groups, some have many of them (like we do in Logan Canyon, you know, not top to bottom but there are several summer home groups in there). That’s where they came from. Their fees were very minimal. They were only recreation cabins; they couldn’t establish a residency in them, etc., etc. Although over the years many have tried. But as government has seen in our lifetime experiences, different ways they can make money, they’re looking at summer home groups to say, “Well, their fees are way below market value and so we’re going to raise them up.” And every time that comes it causes a major controversy. They go to the congressman, the congressman come down and beat on the Forest Service, you know, it’s like rabbits. They go through this cycle where there are a lot of them and then it’s quiet for a while and then there’s a lot more of them. That seems to be what’s happening with the summer home group. It gets controversial and then it cools off, then it gets controversial, but it’s almost always over the fee or some of the tendency of the some of the permittees to want to make certain improvements to their properties and make them a little bit more urban than they were designed to be. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  24   �But Chase is the only one that we actually terminated. [Laughing] BC: How do you see the future of the Forest Service? DB: Oh, I wish I didn’t have to answer that question! Again, I grew up at the tail end of its glory, in my opinion. But I’ve seen the policies in the Forest Service become more complex and more of them, more rules, more regulations. Not necessarily coming from congress either. I see people in positions that I don’t think ought to be in the positions they’re in because of egos, because of power, you know. The things that people seek high positions for sometimes. I don’t see us spending as much time on the ground as we ought to be spending. We’re spending way too much time in political issues, at least some of the folks are. And I don’t see a bright future for the Forest Service. I wouldn’t be surprised in five, ten years there isn’t a Forest Service anymore. There will be some kind of gigantic agency that manages all of the, you know the natural resources: parks, wildlife refuges, forests, you know, BLM lands all in the same agency. And I’m going to be one of the firsts that would say it’s not going to work effectively for the good of the American public. I think it will be a very bureaucratic kind of thing, like many government agencies are, and I don’t think it will serve the public like the agencies in the past have. People can accuse me of being an old thinker, I don’t care. I have seen too many evidences where that kind of thinking does not work. I can give you a couple of examples if you want to take the time to listen to them. BC: Sure. DB: The average ranger district, for example, even say 1984, consisted of regular staff but it had what we called a business management assistant. It was a well-trained, usually a lady, that managed the business of the district. She did the hiring, she paid many of the bills, she had access to a fund where we could take and go down to the hardware store and buy a hammer and nails if we needed to do that kind of stuff. It was very efficient; the store owners got paid in a timely way. She completed all the paperwork that needed to be done; some required a forest supervisor’s signature – she’d get it all ready, send it in and manage that process. We hired our own people on the district. We could pick the best workers because we knew who they were. We hired a lot of farm and ranch kids because we knew they knew how to work and they loved outside, you know, the land and so to speak. But gradually over the years all of those responsibilities that that business management person has changed from being able to complete the work, to just being the pusher of the paper. In other words they can fill out the form but somebody somewhere up the line has to approve it. I don’t know how many years ago it was; probably eight, nine, ten years ago, for example, the personnel business that we were all involved in at one time became a central organization. It’s in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Try to hire a person from a person who is doing the approval in Albuquerque, New Mexico – obviously it takes a long time. And it does. We would hire, for example, (I don’t know if this means anything) a GS3 (basic Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  25   �clerical position). That person would blossom in that particular job to where they were worthy of a higher pay. And at one time we could generate a higher pay to pay for their value without any problem at all – well, a little problem – but not a major problem. Now days, if I understand what I hear people talking about around the Forest Service that I keep in contact with, it’s a major operation to get it done IF it comes to pass in the first place. You have people saying, “We didn’t hire them for their brains, we hired them for their hands! All they’re supposed to do is know how to type!” But this lady is calling Yellowstone National Park to find out if a campground is open or if a road is open so they don’t drive 200 miles and find that everything’s closed. She thought about that herself. You know, people walk out of the office with smiles on their faces because they don’t get the buck passed. “That doesn’t matter. We only hired her for her fingers. She’s not supposed to think.” It’s that kind of stuff that drove me nuts, you know. Last example: when I worked in the regional office, I knew I didn’t want to go to the regional office; I really knew I didn’t want to go there. I went there anyway. I went there because my boss wanted to have a forest planner as a district ranger and not a district ranger in the woods. So she arranged a transfer for me to the regional office. I worked in state and private forestry there for a long time and our boss was in Missoula [Montana] (because they combined our two offices) and he wasn’t always in Ogden and so I would go to meetings for him once in a while. I went to a meeting where the regional forester’s staff – and when we called them staff officers that meant something, but when they changed their name to “board of directors” they lost the whole confidence of the Forest Service. But they didn’t see that. Board of Directors; that means you’re elevating yourself above everybody else. They said, “Yeah. We make all the decisions. You don’t do anything unless we make the decision.” I thought weird. Anyway, I struggled with that name. We went to this meeting and they had been talking for months about ten or so issues that were affecting the region. And at this meeting they were going to talk about these. I thought this was interesting. So I went to the meeting and they started to read down this list of all ten items. And, Brad, this was really interesting. They were talking about stuff that we’d talked about 20 years before, honest! I went to meetings as an assistant ranger and as a zone manager – which was the same thing as a ranger on the Sawtooth – where we talked about these same issues in 1981 and 1982. The list, I put them in my drawer. And then sometime in about the [19]‘70s we went through a program called “Choosing by Advantages” and “Management by Objectives” and “Total Quality Management” – we went through all of those kinds of things and developed issues and they’re exactly the same as we did in 1982! And when I saw those listed on the door, I thought, “Those look familiar to me.” And I looked on my list and they were almost word for word to the stuff we developed in 1982 and nothing had been done about them. Nothing! And they were things that the regional forester’s office probably ought to be working on because they had the authority to make these changes, and yet nothing had ever happened. And I thought, “That’s incredible.” Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  26   �And I’m sitting there listening, listening, listening and they got down to the last end and then the guy moderating the meeting said, “Very good! We’ve all done really good work now the meeting is over!” And before they could get up out of their chairs I raised my hand and I said, “Wait a minute.” I said, “All of these issues are really, really cool. And they’re really important, but when are you going to do anything about them?” The room went dead silent. And I knew I’d said the wrong thing because I’m only a GS12 talking to GS13s, 14s, and 15s! And then one of them said, “I don’t think we’re so bad, why we worked really well together on this!” (They had retreats where they went away, you know for themselves, and did all of this.) And that ended the meeting. And I actually went out of that meeting a little sick to my stomach because I couldn’t believe that this level of intelligence would be so naïve to think that was their original thought – it wasn’t! We thought about that in 1981 and ’82 and you know, a few other times during the year. So I stayed on for another couple of years before I retired, so it must’ve been in about 1998. And you know, until that very day that I walked out of the office nothing had been done about those ten issues -- nothing. BC: Hmm. Amazing. DB: So, to answer your question shortly: no, I think the Forest Service has changed. I feel bad that it has. I just don’t think they’re going to be as effective as they had in the past with the policies and the way they manage people now and all those kinds of things – I don’t think they can get back to the way it was. It’s too political in my opinion. We’re too much focused in on environmental documentations and documents which I don’t think the law requires us to be that intense, but we are. I don’t see rangers in the woods a lot. I see them at meetings, but not in the woods. I see their staff in the woods, but then the disconnect is between quality and ideas: this person is doing their own thing, the ranger’s going to meetings all the time. But where is the district going? I have a hard time sometimes seeing where that is going. What we did on the Logan District that made Logan Canyon and everything else work is, like I told you earlier, our campgrounds were in really bad shape. So what are you going to do with a budget that’s static to get from a really bad level of maintenance to a level that you’re proud to invite the public to come out to see? How are you going to do that? Well I told my staff that it wasn’t painting one table at a time in a campground! And then I asked the question, “How are you painting the tables?” “We’re painting them with a four inch paint brush and a gallon can of paint.” Well if you’ve painted a little bit of your house you know that’s slow. There are faster ways to do that. So I just asked a dumb question, “Why don’t you buy a commercial paint sprayer and spray the whole campground at once? You could spray the whole campground in the time it takes you to paint one table and drive 20 miles to paint the second table. In other words you can do a whole campground in a day.” We only have 12 campgrounds. You could get all 12 of them done in 12 days if you had the resources to do it. Well we didn’t have the resources to do all 12 of them, but we had a little bit to do some. So they went out and bought a $300 and some odd paint sprayer and sprayed all the campgrounds lickety split. They started to look pretty well, we didn’t increase our budget any. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  27   �A group of people – the city forester in Salt Lake City – was planting thousands of trees across these parks in Salt Lake City for pennies. How does he do it? He’s hiring the high school football team. He’s paying them $500-$1,000 to plant 10,000 trees (which if you contracted it would be close to $10,000, you know). So for $500-$1,000 he’s getting all of this work done. What’s in it for the football team? Well they need money for pads and for helmets and for special equipment that the school district isn’t funding them for. Loved it! You get these big, husky kids out there digging holes fast – so why don’t we try that? Our campground grates, for example, they were all broken apart. We were replacing them one at a time with metal ring fireplaces, which is a pretty good deal but we weren’t making any progress. So why don’t we hire a football team to come and do it? So we did. We brought Skyview’s High School football team to come in and do it. We paid them $1,000. They replaced almost all of our campground rings in Logan Canyon in a very short period of time. Saved us thousands of dollars and yet got our campgrounds up to one more level for just pennies. BC: Um-hmm. DB: That worked out really well. We did it again and again. And they came with their own supervision; they came with their busses. We didn’t have to pay for anything except for that little fee we agreed to. They bought helmets – it worked out perfectly for them. So how are we going to take care of the litter problem? Because that really bothered me. The crews would go through a campground and they would pick up stuff and within a day it looked like they’d never been there. A really sad thing for Cache Valley because I thought people would be much more sensitive than they were. I was disappointed in that. But how are we going to do it because we’re not going to get any more money to get any more people to pick up garbage? Do you know the name of Don Yonker? BC: I know some Yonkers out in – DB: Gordon. You know Gordon Yonker? BC: Yeah. DB: But Don Yonker is an older man now. He owned a bunch of land up against the mountain in North Logan, but north of Green Canyon. Don was a scouter and he came into the office one day he was concerned a little bit, as I was, that Eagle projects were being refused on the district right and left. And I couldn’t understand why we kept turning away free help. BC: Um-hmm DB: “Well, we don’t have time to go out and set up the project. We don’t have time to do this and that.” In a way that’s a legitimate – but not really – because you know, we could take Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  28   �the time if we wanted to. What were we doing that was more important? Probably nothing. But Don walked in the office one day and he said, “I’ll help you manage that program.” He said, “I’ll help supervise the Boy Scouts.” And so the next Boy Scout that came in wanting an Eagle project, we said, “Yes.” And then we got more, and we got more and we got more and pretty soon Don was managing a whole bunch of Eagle projects. They were out doing a quarter mile of trail here, and you know, a half a mile here; picking up here; doing all kinds of stuff. We got ourselves up one more little notch. Actually we were having a little bit of pressure about using more volunteers on the district, you know, because it was a political thing to do. We got points for doing that. But we didn’t want to do it just because we got points. We needed help. So we instituted – at the time Lady Bird Johnson had the “Take Pride in America” program – and we kind of spun in behind that and we said to the public through different means, “We need some help, folks, picking up in the canyons.” We got so many volunteers that we could have a family go pick up a campground once a week, to be backed up by another family and another family and another family; so we were actually getting things picked up really a lot. Every trail, every road, every campground had numerous families that had signed up to go pick up litter. And we went up another notch. I mean the forest started to look really nice. The problem was still there, but it was getting picked up on a regular basis. The district went back to Washington D.C. four times in a row and they won the top honors for that category in “Take Pride in America” just because of the work of Don and couple of his replacements and some other folks on the district that, you know, dedicated a little time and energy to that program. It was a wonderful program. It did wonders for the district, and here our budget’s not increased one dollar. But you know what happened from all of that is, is that people in the forest supervisor’s office and elsewhere began to see that Logan District knows where to spend money because we did. If we had extra trail money we knew what trail we wanted to put it on. If we got an Eagle project we knew where we wanted to put it, it wasn’t a guess, because we’d done some planning that way. So they would come in, we’d say, “Sure. You’re going to go to that trail and do this much.” And they’d go do it. And we’d just add, add, add, and the trail gets maintained and it was perfect. And so that’s what we did. And yet those folks began to say, “Wait a minute. They’re not just throwing money away.” No we’re not. We know where we’re going with it. So we got grants like $30,000 came in from this fund; and $40,000 from this and $10,000 from this and $5,000 from this because they knew we knew where to spend it. And we did – we spent it where we needed to spend it. And so the district took a way heavy step that way. We figured it would take us 15 years at our existing budget in Logan Canyon and the whole district in general to get all of our campgrounds up to a standard that we thought was acceptable. And we almost got there in eight years because of the extra money. Now why do I think the Forest Service is struggling a little bit? Because that’s all undone. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  29   �BC: Yeah. DB: We’re not there anymore and we’re not making the kind of progress that was made in those years. I’m not claiming credit for it. I got to sit back and put my feet up on the desk and smile. But the staff guys that were doing the work were just doing a marvelous job and it was working really well. When I left (I better be careful how I say this). When I left, I predicted that it would be within, oh at least as short as a year and perhaps two or three years that the district would be almost back in the same condition it was before we started all this stuff, and I’ve pretty well come close to that prediction. And I’m not boasting about that, you know. All I contributed to all of this stuff that went on in the forest was I said that we had to produce the highest money can buy and we’re not going to be functional. The fire crew can’t have their separate vehicles and their separate tools from the range crew, from the trail crew – we’re all part of the same district. It took about four years to get that mindset into people’s heads. And what that did when they got there, when they finally figured out that somebody cared about what they did, they acted together. The trail crew driving down the road would see a crooked sign they would stop and straighten it up instead of just drive past it saying, “That’s not my job, that’s the recreation guy’s job.” The recreation crew, if they saw cows where they weren’t supposed to be they didn’t think, they would tell the range folks that, “There are cows over here.” And the information flowed around the district. If a sign was missing, if they didn’t have it in their pickup truck, they put in there and put it up the next day. It wasn’t their job, but they were going that way. So they started all working together, they started to coordinate together a little bit. They authorized “fire personnel only” signs came down; locks went off the cabinets. We all contributed to the tool supply instead of each one of the groups having to horde their own things. It was really cool; but that all disappeared within two years after. I kept it going; I would admit that I preached like a preacher never preached before on that concept. Like I said, it took four to five years to get everybody agreeing that that’s what we were going to do and working together. But without that preaching it went away in a short period of time. I feel bad about that. I try not to get involved with the Forest Service today because I know, number one I would be disappointed; I would get sort of angry. I feel sorry for where they’re all at, I really, really do. But I don’t know if they’ll ever recover from, you know from the bureaucratic box they seem to have built about themselves. I think we could’ve had diversity; I think we could’ve had – not only in people, but in occupations and skills – if we would have just lead and exercised some leadership in there. I could go forever and ever you know. I have a real passion about this. One of the major mistakes a good company does that causes a failure in a program almost every time, is when you get a leader that stands up there and preaches the greatness of this new thing that you’re going to try and do and then the next day assigns it to a staff group to implement. It will never work, I don’t care how good the idea is, in a hundred Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  30   �years it will never work! For one, the staff guy doesn’t have the authority to do everything that needs to be done; for one it’s not his idea, it was just given to him; for another the boss sometimes won’t give him the autonomy they need to go make it work. And for those reasons it will not work. That’s what the Forest Service has done in many of these things that are good ideas that we’ve tried to implement, but almost every case they delegated it to a staff person to implement. I knew that when I came to the district and I would not do that; I would not delegate the responsibility of creating that management picture. I couldn’t do it because I knew it would fail; and it did when I left. I knew it would because the other rangers – good people as they are (and they’re good people) – had a different way they want to manage. They didn’t want to manage that way. But they’re not making as much progress as we were making either, that’s the only boast I’ll make. BC: Um-hmm. Yeah. DB: There are several writers (and I don’t remember all their names), but their writings are all classically the same: you manage people this way and you do these things a certain way, this is what good companies do and you’ll succeed. And I read their books, over and over and over again. I tried to do that on the district. And I believe they were right. I really do. I believe they were right; because we made progress. BC: I always like to end with the question, if you could go back and change anything about your career and your life, would you? DB: If the conditions of the day I started with the Forest Service were true today I would do it over without hesitation. BC: Um-hmm. DB: I still love being a forester. I still love being called a forester. I still smell pine scent on the breeze when I think about it enough, you know. I love the woods and what it represents. I see the woods being different than what the politicians see it. It’s not just a money making kind of thing, but there’s a whole organism out there that requires – in our day and age – some attention. We call it “management.” In the old days when the Indians set fires to burn holes in timber so they could put their horses in there, or to bring the elk and deer and bighorn sheep and that sort of thing, down into the openings (because they really were attracted to those); the lightening things that burn for months and months in the summertime and all that fire influence, in the West anyway, had a major influence on what the vegetative types, mosaics and all those kinds of things developed around. And each stage in their development benefited something else at that particular point in time. Unlike what the environmentalists wished would happen – that we do nothing to the woods – is not wise because the end result of all this vegetative development on its own, without any influences turning it back one way or the other (you take fire out of the system, if you take the bugs out of the system, and so forth), you end up with a pure stand of some old tree that has litter on the ground this deep with very little ground vegetation Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  31   �and therefore, not much to offer for the other varieties of – the wildlife and birds and so forth that call that home. The biomass itself might be high in vegetative types, but animal wise and the other kinds of critters that you normally think to find there, aren’t there because their habitat is not there. So I don’t know, for whatever wisdom you know, fire kept things in different stages scattered about the countryside and the re-development of the vegetative type’s history back up toward its climax – kept things in variety. Well in 1905 when the Forest Service thought – it was even true when I graduated from college – that fire, insects and disease were the enemy of the woods! And we had to do whatever we could to minimize those things. If you’re talking pure timber, that’s the concern of course, because that’s where the value of whatever your product is. But if you’re talking about ecosystems, that’s not wise because the periodic disruption in the community is what keeps it viable and the variety there. And so I always thought in my scheme, the land needs to be managed and it needs to be wisely managed. People need to use it but they can’t abuse it. You can cut some trees but you can’t cut too many of them; you can graze some cows, but you can’t graze too many of them, and so forth. If you were able to strike that balance in being able to manage a district like that, or even a forest like that, that the benefits to both the landscape and to the user of the landscape would be about as good as you could do it. If we could do that, then this job would be very, very interesting to continue on with it. It really would. But knowing what I know today and knowing what the Forest Service is like today – would I do it again? I would think about that a little bit harder. I don’t know what I would do different but I would would think about it a little bit harder. I think I would be a specialist and get away from the politics. I am really interested in fire and spent a lot of time in that particular box and I would easily want to become as expert as I could ever be in the whole fire management issue. I could find some joy and happiness in doing that, but not leading it. Again because of the politics and policies that seem to be controlling everything in ways I wish it wouldn’t. BC: Um-hmm. Alright, well thank you very much Dave, for – DB: Did I talk too much? BC: No, it was great! And we could probably go on for a long time. DB: Yeah, I can get real passionate about management. I really, really can. Land  Use  Management  Oral  History  Project:  Dave Baumgartner     Page  32   � Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Where else is this found? Give the URL for the item, if it is in another respository (like CONTENTdm) <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/331">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/LoganCanyon/id/331</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Hosted by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Conversion Specs Recording equipment: Marantz PMD660 Digital Recorder Transcription equipment: Power Player Transcription Software: Executive Communication Systems Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2012-08-22 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dave Baumgartner interview, 5 May 2008, and transcription Description An account of the resource The interview contains information on the childhood, education and the career of Dave Baumgartner as a forester, the various positions held within the Forest Service and his views on management. There are many anecdotes from his personal experiences in managing in the Logan Canyon and Logan District of the Forest Service, including his attitudes regarding the road expansion up Logan Canyon and his idea to include land users when making decisions. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Baumgartner, Dave, 1942- Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cole, Bradford R. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Forest Service United States. Forest Service--Officials and employees Foresters--Interviews Baumgartner, Dave, 1942---Interviews Baumgartner, Dave, 1942---Family Baumgartner, Dave, 1942---Career in Forestry Logan Canyon (Utah) Roads--Utah--Logan Canyon--Design and construction Roads--Environmental aspects--Utah--Logan Canyon Recreation--Utah--Logan Canyon Uinta-Wasatch-Cache National Forest (Agency : U.S.). Logan Ranger District--Public relations Utah. Dept. of Transportation--Public relations Uinta-Wasatch-Cache National Forest (Agency : U.S.). Logan Ranger District--Management Uinta-Wasatch-Cache National Forest (Agency : U.S.). Logan Ranger District--Travel Environmental protection--Utah--Logan Canyon Uinta-Wasatch-Cache National Forest (Agency : U.S.). Logan Ranger District--Officials and employees Volunteer workers in camp sites, facilities, etc.--Utah--Logan Canyon Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Oral history Interviews Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan Canyon (Utah) Salt Lake City (Utah) Utah Cache County (Utah) Salt Lake County (Utah) Utah United States Lewiston (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 1970-1979 1980-1989 1990-1999 20th century 2000-2009 21st century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections & Archives, Logan Canyon Land Use Management Oral History Collection, FOLK COLL 42 Box 2 Fd. 3 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. Inventory for the Logan Canyon Land Use Management Oral History Collection can be found at: <a href="http://library.usu.edu/folklo/folkarchive/FolkColl42.php">http://library.usu.edu/folklo/folkarchive/FolkColl42.php</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Fife Folklore Archives Curator, phone (435) 797-3493 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Logan Canyon Land Use Management Oral History Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FolkColl42bx2fd3DaveBaumgartner Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 5 May 2008 Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 2008-05-05 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. Logan Canyon Reflections https://highway89.org/files/original/e1057617494fd0bd12cb6c7b1bf6fa7e.pdf df8ec42dbe33900de2f287b1aad386f9 PDF Text Text United States "Department of ~griculture Forest Service Logan Rangel" District 860 N. 1200 E. Logan, UT 84321 Reply to: Date: 1950 June 1, 1988 Tom Lyon 655 Canyon Road Logan, UT 84321 Deal" Tom: Thank you for your recent letter, Tom. what your concerns are. ' It helped. I think I see more clearly One of the problems I have had with this issue is the fact that people have not clearly understood what we are trying to do. I have struggled with what we should do to better explain our position. Perhaps I am too optimistic to assume that a.-win win situation is possible.' I think it is, but all parties of the issue must want to work to that end. It will not work otherwise. I do not like compromise.' In a compromise no one wins. UDOT and the Federal Highway folks think they have compromised. ' They expect you to do the same, and do not understand why you cannot. In my view, I think they are wrong. Because, if people have a concern it ought to be resolved, even if it takes a long time. Working with people is what we are to do. ' Sometimes we forget this. ' Today the Forest Service is beginning to use mediators to help resolve problems like this. Still, the solution could be a form of compromise assuming the mediator is successful. The consensus is the better solution. Changes to Logan Canyon cannot happen if there is not sound and reasonable purpose for the change. A highway standard taken from some manual is not sufficient reason by itself to justify change. 1 This point will always be a problem between the Forest Service and the highway engineer. l Political compromise is a reality. But if we ever do that, at the expense of the 'environment, then we have abdicated our responsibilities as natural resource managers and public land stewards. ' The higher up the ladder a decision is made, the more political it becomes.' It is in the best interest of all of us to make the decision as low on the ladder as possible. 1 This is one reason why I make the point that we need to work for a win win solution if we can, or there is no deal. A no deal means I will make the recommendations as to what I think ought to be done, but someone else will make the eventual decision. , You understand, I think, what the although skeptically. My problem thought. " They would like to plow courts decide.! Sometimes this is win win is all about. ' is, I am not sure UDOT through the issue, and successful, but leaves I think you support it is comfortable with the if necessary, let the bitter enemies. l The person who will stand up and say, "Well we must have made the right deCision, nobody is happy with it" misses the real point here. Political decision makers sometimes like to talk like that. ' We are better than that. ' FS-6200-28(7·82) �~ ~ompromise is a last resort. , But all sides of this issue will force us into a compromise situation if we cannot work towards a reasonable and proper decision. Tom, your thoughts on va~idating decisions with solid data are good ones. ' We do not want to draw you into a consensus without a good review of the facts. My only hope was, because of the expense of drafting plan after plan, was to at least philosophically agree, so the design people could draft a more accurate plan for review.. This by no means reduces the need for careful study of the results, nor does it lock us into any position.! It was just a starting point. The draft of the draft EIS is not acceptable to anyone I know of at this time. Much work remains to be done on it. ~ Sometimes, Tom, I sound like I am preaching to you. I do not mean to do that. ! But I am confused too. ' As I visit with each of you I hear one thing, but subsequent communication is different. You mentioned the bridges.; Are they an issue now? Rudy told me some time ago that he and one or two other examined the bridges and agreed with the engineer's assessment. , Because of that I haven't worried about the bridges.' , UDOT will not build the type of highway they recommended last. That is not acceptable to the Forest Service. ' The committee of three, are trying to reach consensus on what realistically ought to be done. The ideas I bounced off of you and others were attempts to resolve the issues you mentioned. ' If they do not, then it is back to the idea arena again. ' I think this is a point many do not understand. ' The committee is working for us, you and me. ' Their objective is to design the right highway. ' You ideas and my ideas are just as important as the committees. 1 My fear is that we cannot tear down the walls and work together on this. 1 Right now I do not have either you or the State convinced that this is possible. ' The walls are very thick and high. You fears of a political solution are valid if the walls stay up. ' I think we have solved the riparian and fish habitat issues. : But we have not solved the aesthetic issue yet. ' At least not totally. ' Your concerns have been passed on to the committee with a note from me supporting your concerns. ' The Forest plan is one of the more difficult decisions UDOT must make before they can start work again on the EIS. ; If what they eventually propose and agree to is outside the current direction in the Forest plan, those changes, the environmental documentation, and decision must be addressed in this EIS.! If that is not possible, then a separate environmental document must be prepared.' I do not know which way this will go at this time. We are pushing for them to do it. , You are right, the Forest plan could become a significant issue. Keep up the good work.: S· cerely, District Ranger FS·6200·28(7-82) �~· ~ G cc: Steve Flint Jack Spence Rudy Lukez Dick Carter FS-6200-28(7-82) � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/49">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/49</a> Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies, scans, or prints of this item for fair use purposes, please see Utah State University's Reproduction Order Form at: <a href="https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php">https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2013 Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner, at 800 dpi. Archival file is PDF (800 dpi), display file is JPEG2000. Checksum 2558578447 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 534141 Bytes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Correspondence from Dave Baumgartner, October 4, 1988 Description An account of the resource Correspondence from Dave Baumgartner to Steve Flint regarding the role of the National Forest Scenic Byway Program proposing a complementary aesthetic experience in the canyon with improvement of campgrouds and appropriate signs. Proposes the organization of a committee to define standards. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Baumgartner, David Subject The topic of the resource Logan Canyon (Utah) Natural resources conservation areas Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Correspondence Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988-10-04 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980-1989 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Sierra Club, Utah Chapter Archives, 1972-1986, COLL MSS 148 Series VIII Box 27 Folder 9 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. View the inventory for this collection at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Libraries Photograph Curator, phone (435) 797-0890. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Highway 89 Digital Collections Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS148VIIIB27_Fd9_016.pdf Highway 89; https://highway89.org/files/original/2ddb0e445500b81142487649d5f3f629.pdf 83d7f6aa1a42fcc9ed7800e9ff7cd6f6 PDF Text Text February 10, 1989 Dale Bosworth Supervisor, Wasatch-Cache National Forest 125 South State St. Salt Lake City, Utah, 84111 Dear Dale: I regret I was unable to attend the meeting concerning the Logan Canyon Highway Project on February 3. Unfortunately, it was necessary for me to be out of Logan. I have read the latest (Jan. 20th) version of the Agency Alternative for the project, and I am greatly concerned. I do not wish to anal ize it in detail here, but only to give you some general comments: 1. This is basically the high speed alternative in the preliminary DEIS. We appear to be just about where we were over two years (and endless amounts of time and energy) ago. 2. The middle section of the Canyon has been reduced to only 4 milesfrom Right Fork to lower Twin Bridge; we regard the middle section as the entire distance from Right Fork to Ricks Springs. This redesignation, with the attendent upgrading of the road to a 35 mph design (probably 50 mph signing) from Twin Bridge to Ricks Springs is unacceptable, since the consequent environmental damage will be severe. 3. The high speed design of the upper section will result in unacceptable environmental impacts, particularly in the Beaver Creek and Summit sections. 4. There are several safety concerns ~/ith respect to the placement of passing lanes, especially in the Dugway and near the Limber Pine turnout. 5. The implementation of this alternative requires 45 (!) ammendments to the Forest Plan, surely a new worlds record for any forest plan involving a single project. The cumulative effect of this large number of ammendments is such that a major change in The Plan will be required - a revision, with everything that implies. Attempts to get by with an ammendment will certainly be appealed. 6. The Agency Alternative has little detail, making analysis of its impacts by citizens not throughly acquainted with both the area and the previous history almost impossible. I f it appears as such in the EIS, the EIS will be challenged as not meeting NEPA criteria. 7. The cover letter sent with the alternative, bearing the signatures of the three agency engineers, attempts to disclaim the alternative as a IIpreferred alternative. This is, to say the least, disingeneous. Any alternative that is endorsed by a Forest Service repll �presentative is clearly destined to become the "preferred alternative." I wish to repeat something live said in previous meetings with you: we accepted the Forest Plan on the assumption it was to be taken seriously by you. It states, e.g., that liThe road will not be raised to a higher standard than existing." (Chapter 6, p. 236). Other places in the plan are clear about maintining the scenic quality of the highway (VQO classification, e.g.). You have recently designated the highway as a "Scen ic Byway". If the Plan had proposed the kinds of changes found in the Agency Alternative, it certainly would have been appealed. To abandon the Plan now, under pressure from UDOT and FHWA, is to break faith with the environmental community and reduce Forest Service credibility to a new low. Stw.:erely, . / /' .' ,--. /" ., '~ __;.~;,c,/7 / . · 6'---7,vz(? 1.;7 ~CJ;" <- !' ~~. Jack T. Spence Dept. of Chemistry Utah State University Logan, Ut 84322 cc: Dave Baumgartner Tom Lyon Dick Carter UWA Steve Flint Bruce Pendery Bridgerland Audubon Rudy Lukez Utah Chapter, Sierra Club - - � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/72">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/72</a> Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies, scans, or prints of this item for fair use purposes, please see Utah State University's Reproduction Order Form at: <a href="https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php">https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2013 Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner, at 800 dpi. Archival file is PDF (800 dpi), display file is JPEG2000. Checksum 3508507634 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 1833246 Bytes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Correspondence from Dave Baumgartner to Tom Lyon about public concerns for Logan Canyon, June 1, 1988 Description An account of the resource Correspondence from Dave Baumgartner to Tom Lyon about public concerns for Logan Canyon. Designing the right highway is mentioned, also that the aesthetic issue remains unsolved. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Baumgartner, David Subject The topic of the resource Logan Canyon (Utah) United States Highway 89 Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Correspondence Administrative records Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988-06-01 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980-1989 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Sierra Club, Utah Chapter Archives, 1972-1986, COLL MSS 148 Series VIII Box 27 Folder 9 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. View the inventory for this collection at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Libraries Photograph Curator, phone (435) 797-0890. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Highway 89 Digital Collections Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS148VIIIB27_Fd9_017.pdf Highway 89; https://highway89.org/files/original/1297bf5850514952c1c6d2ef72e97e99.pdf f1e47c65c6ced6a3b3f4ef9a79ba3bef PDF Text Text United States Department of ~griculture Forest Service Logan Ranger District 860 N. 1200 E. Logan, UT 84321 Reply to: Date: 1950 June 1, 1988 Tom Lyon 655 Canyon Road Logan, UT 84321 Dear Tom: Thank you for your recent letter, Tom. wha t your concerns are. ' It helped. I think I see more clearly One of the problems I have had with this issue is the fact that people have not clearly understood what we are trying to do. I have struggled with what we should do to better explain our position. Perhaps I am too optimistic to assume that a win win situation is possible. ' I think it is, but all parties of the issue must want to work to that end. ' It will not work otherwise. ' I do not like compromise. 1 In a compromise no one wins. UDOT and the Federal Highway folks think they have compromised.! They expect you to do the same, and do not understand why you cannot. ' In my view, I think they are wrong. Because, if people have a concern it ought to be resolved, even if it takes a long time. Working with people is what we are to do. ' Sometimes we forget this. ' Today the Forest Service is beginning to use mediators to help resolve problems like this. Still, the solution could be a form of compromise assuming the mediator is successful. The consensus is the better solution. Changes to Logan Canyon cannot happen if there is not sound and reasonable purpose for the change. A highway standard taken from some manual is not sufficient reason by itself to justify change. 1 This point will always be a problem between the Forest Service and the highway engineer.1 i Political compromise is a reality. ' But if we ever do that, at the expense of the environment, then we have abdicated our responsibilities as natural resource managers and public land stewards.! The higher up the ladder a decision is made, the more political it becomes.! It is in the best interest of all of us to make the decision as low on the ladder as possible.! This is one reason why I make the point that we need to work for a win win solution if we can, or there is no deal. A no deal means I will make the recommendations as to what I think ought to be done, but someone else will make the eventual decision.! You understand, I think, what the although skeptically.' My problem thought. ' They would like to plow courts decide.1 Sometimes this is win win is all about.1 is, I am not sure UDOT through the issue, and successful, but leaves I think you support it is comfortable with the if necessary, let the bitter enemies.! The person who will stand up and say, "Well we must have made the right decision, nobody is happy with it" misses the real point here. Political decision makers sometimes like to talk like that.1 We are better than that. ' FS-6200-28(7 -82) �~ ~ompromise is a last resort.! But all sides of this issue will force us into a compromise situation if we cannot work towards a reasonable and proper decision.! Tom, your thoughts on validating decisions with solid data are good ones.1 We do not want to draw you into a consensus without a good review of the facts. ' My only hope was, because of the expense of drafting plan after plan, was to at least philosophically agree, so the design people could draft a more accurate plan for review.' This by no means reduces the need for careful study of the results, nor does it lock us into any position.1 It was just a starting point. The draft of the draft EIS is not acceptable to anyone I know of at this time. ' Much work remains to be done on it.! Sometimes, Tom, I sound like I am preaching to you. ' I do not mean to do that. ! But I am confused too. ' As I visit with each of you I hear one thing, but subsequent communication is different. ' You mentioned the bridges.! Are they an issue now? Rudy told me some time ago that he and one or two other examined the bridges and agreed with the engineer's assessment. ! Because of that I haven't worried about the bridges.! UDOT will not build the type of highway they recommended last. ' That is not acceptable to the Forest Service.! The committee of three, are trying to reach consensus on what realistically ought to be done.' The ideas I bounced off of you and others were attempts to resolve the issues you mentioned. ' If they do not, then it is back to the idea arena again.! I think this is a point many do not understand. ! The committee is working for us, you and me.1 Their objective is to design the right highway.! You ideas and my ideas are just as important as the committees.' My fear is that we cannot tear down the walls and work together on this. ' Right now I do not have either you or the State convinced that this is possible.' The walls are very thick and high.1 You fears of a political solution are valid if the walls stay up.! I think we have solved the riparian and fish habitat issues. ' But we have not solved the aesthetic issue yet. 1 At least not totally. ' Your concerns have been passed on to the committee with a note from me supporting your concerns. , The Forest plan is one of the more difficult decisions UDOT must make before they can start work again on the EIS.! If what they eventually propose and agree to is outside the current direction in the Forest plan, those changes, the environmental documentation, and decision must be addressed in this EIS. I If that is not possible, then a separate environmental document must be prepared.1 I do not know which way this will go at this time. We are pushing for them to do it. ' You are right, the Forest plan could become a significant issue. Keep up the good work.! M;;J$~~ BAUMGARTNE~;tt DAVE District Range;~ . FS-6200-28(7 -82) �FS-6200 -28(7 -82) � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/93">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/93</a> Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies, scans, or prints of this item for fair use purposes, please see Utah State University's Reproduction Order Form at: <a href="https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php">https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2013 Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner. Checksum 1618082257 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 1737509 Bytes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Correspondence from Dave Baumgartner to Tom Lyon, June 1, 1988 Description An account of the resource Correspondence from Dave Baumgartner to Tom Lyon discussing the possibility of compromise on the changes for Logan Canyon. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Baumgartner, David Subject The topic of the resource Department of Transportation--Utah Logan Canyon (Utah) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Correspondence Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988-06-01 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980-1989 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Sierra Club, Utah Chapter Archives, 1972-1986, COLL MSS 200 Series III Box 6 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. View the inventory for this collection at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv75259">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv75259</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Special Collections and Archives, phone (435) 797-2663. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Highway 89 Digital Collections Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS200_Forest Ser_Item_4.pdf Highway 89; https://highway89.org/files/original/5a4debd35673be86bac9ac2e709b8761.pdf 26ba5aac3f851a7e5f94f58d39e0b7e5 PDF Text Text '. (~::, : ',--,='-~L"""'~~__<-- ' ' - ' ' US 89 - LOGAN CANYON STUDY . re requested, and can be provided below . Name ----~~~~~~~~~~~~--------------------- / SLC87/26 �THE WORLD'S LA'RGEST CHAIN OF MOTELS, HOTELS AND RESORTS IFOR RESERVATIONS DIAL TOLL FREE (800) 528-1234 ( BEST WESTERN CREST MOTEL 243 NORTH 4th STREET MONTPELIER, IDAHO 83254 TELEPHONE (208) 8471782 ~l~Ct::-JVED IJ n -r\ 1 5 1q(86~ ,_ lJ ... " .; H2iVI HILL / SLC October 3, 1986 Valley Engineering 168 North 100 East Logan, Utah 84321 To Whom It May Concern: u.s. ( ( Highway 89 through Logan Canyon serves as a vital economic link for the Bear Lake Valley. The canyon is a beautiful place, however, I feel that with good common sense and concern for the environment, greatly needed improvements such as bridge replacement, pavement widening and passing lanes or turn-outs can be constructed. I also urge CH 2 M Hill to conduct public me eting s on this project in the Bear Lake Valley. Thank you for this opportunity to comment. Sincere~~ , -~/ ~p / �?-00#//tAAZ~~Af4J k.ey / (J 1'P¥. 1/iJD~,It .! At?#6' C'Alu. /~.k ~g¥> pZ~$ ~.&-.Yr ~~~ ~,L- ~&JtP4A//,~;-; (;;Z)C/~/ ~~ .. M~~) ~~ ~r?- ~e ~5~s' -I#c- tfV~f d/~~~A&~ 7Z7 .AI v /.&-P r9 P?& ~~4f3c/~6- ~r-~ (0 e&A/ j#£- 2~~:fJ ~~S6~ g~·O~~~~­ ~/S/~O 77vt:J 0:e-~6-6Z#L- ~6'~s :: /) #R?/-&-~£:-:s - Q~ Rk/U t'/R4fie/ ;&4?/L-5 / /?:(/#t::-C-L? ~0'j7L!fe(7 #ft6- ./P~~~~~~ $,d/#66J1 ~/?~4gij J7z? AJ4~ ~) ~tCJ~~ ,O/PA:Aclcu(ypaJ ~~~ &9~~~ /7;6?~~~, ;r#-~?dL--fi- )7h/~ &/~~k- P~6'(}J~ y-?/ ~ ~6#?/'~g.O t!v///bA/$O ~Po~4~6 #~ J~~ /0 /,6££ /.J>4~00g /Dij ?#P',{J(:f'/il$P#~cJ /£l~/tJ~~ r /t:JcJ $~A/y J~rCJ~ C£/6U/r~ - J:y~:C>q/ 2)Ut/~//~~s m4'P/ .e3/?/~e) /J J72Jo ~r t/&!~?UU..r ~ e:rpt&c/Al-~ ---- /# n/J' J/P$..6- ~A-/l- ~f hk79'e4JP/lc~~., / 6t7&rp-~/e?~.81 tA!J~~ rW/#£;bl/¢?~6) 7Z~J~ t?/ v-/ &/<YCJ C::c-//-'~ ~e.ac V.8-7~?' ~P'~ rr~4P;zt 6£..//-A~/ flbV TPJ $2L:- {//'f,/ rCJ~ tt:J~ ~/Jr- ~,6~ J?##~~bZP.Ef.P..F d9-~ <9~~~~(O4-' J i -- - --- . -- 1 ---- ---_ .t" . _ _ _ __ __ _ - ---. --- _.- j -----~- I - I I /f/.d-~06/~P-~ ~$ d]e/Y-V-Z; - #b? 6¢M? C/1)ZU/6 V2¥A~ J70 ,<:~~~ ~/!:; ~pg~ -1fJfi- ~ ~ ~ ~p- --__ ~h 4b',(?/)77~A/ tIII',P!--P7P'~ ./&t1~p- _ _ __ #//heI7~#L- //~"d//<i- #.,u~~b?~ �US 89 - LOGAN CANYON STUDY I ( Your comments are requested, and can be provided below. / SLC87/26 �US 89 - LOGAN CANYON STUDY ( Your comments are requested, and can be provided below. t\~~~~~~~'~~~~ ~\l~"-L- I ( ( SLC87/26 C~ ~~ ~---lL- ~ ~ , �US 89 - LOGAN CANYON STUDY / ( Your comments are requested, and can be provided below. 12\(',\4. c...o \2 tJ~ Un\), 1M. (SS (OM C\1:01 «1M \1rcJ \a."}..J ~U?-1j JJ~~ Name Comments: th;:\U W1 w tLhMt\~2 11?t\.£rl<:' )iJCf[,C -6.0E rc\,· ~ e~± \0 _"1 ~V;', !1-£GI \hl'£ CAU '1 0 l~ K-ob/-...J I ----- , \ t~ f --,,'---'=:.-..--,---,,"'",--,-",.!---'-"-'-"'--"--'--"''-L'-'~+----'-V-~----'--''-'''''''-+''--'-'-'--'--'-'-..J...L.;o''''--'-_-L''-''--'-''--''-'-.l.DGJ,.~''''::::''''->' ~ (' '-'. ~ \ l '(" /) ) ( . (,:J\" L",J t -: : :....\.,,)..1) ~- b \W (1, J ( :. -; =fbr\Qlc;t ) I SLC87/26 V i A \j f'Caw =t iC) t F-i7vJ\u. \?)~..I / \~V,-(? \ S. VXJ - �us 89 - LOGAN CANYON STUDY ( Your comments are requested, and can be provided below. ( I / (" ( q~r .0;'-- ¥~ d / �f40V 1 01986 US 89 - LOGAN CANYON STUDY ( ( Your comments are requested, and can be provided below. Phyllis Smart - Montpelier, Idaho Name Comments: 83254 Unsafe driving conditions on Logan Canyon road are due to: (1) narrow bridges, sharp curves, narrow road and little shoulder. (2) when long lines of cars, trucks, trailers etc. exist, there always seem to be one or two who take chances in passing. Not only does this endanger lives but also causes mental stress to drivers and passengers. (3) narrow winding roads through the canyon makes it almost impossible to try to avoid an accident by moving to another lane of traffic or to the shoulder area. Deer and cattle on the road could be more easily avoided if there was another lane of traffic or more shoulder room. ( ( ~, (there would be less dented fenders & broken head lights). Also accidents due to winter conditions (vehicle sliding etc.) would . be less if another lane was available. If one has an appointment etc. during the summer, at least one half hour more time is needed due to slow traffic (sight seers, heavy loads, trailers, tourists all travel at a slower speed than the posted speed limit. Drivers who are not familar with the road or canyon driving tend to drive much slower and use their brakes quickly upon coming to a curve). Many Montpelier drivers use the road to Preston vs Logan canyon road due to the unsafe conditions listed above. Mileage wise there is very little difference. I commend the Highway Department for their "being on the job" ( during winter conditions as they do a good job in keeping the road passable. SLC87/26 Some tourists who have stopped at the place I work do not like that road and if you mention the beauty of the canyon, river etc. they have failed to notice it as they were so busy with just driving the canyon road! Beauty cannot be enjoyed under stress. Logan Canyon Road causes stress !!!! �US 89 - LOGAN CANYON STUDY ( ( Your comments are requested, and can be provided below. Name Comments: I ( jvuY{. SIA.-<-~ ~;,. 12--\ cY 5 \> \i/1Vv"1& r. s . ~\; ~\b ~; S\'11JeD Lb l-J G l~tl L~1?G U'.2!Z.b~0l2 1JAs. hi ") \,I-!&2M{ S ( - 'No Vu/ c-G{ ~ v! Y..f..-'l!:N t ~L v RR \u v, rnss, . .?,"( C?v 1I~~..Q o..<?:to kit (( LNk of OJ i she·corR ~ b dttJ ctJt 2 ~ ll'v~" lk'0 , 3 lPwt ~~i �( ' ( ( �US 89 - LOGAN CANYON STUDY ( ( Your comments are requested, and can be provided below. Name I~ Comments: <- ('/ ( I . ) / L C ".) i / 1 / .';-.~ . ( ( ( J �( �( T~~-p~-c~"V\A/) l~ ({~ fu c~(~ ~c~ b...(J~ ~ ~-p 1",<) t-·k~( k<-.J( ':717 C ~ ~) h-Cf-fJ « L( A~ .Q..",~-\. . II /-c"I\/\ {o-W ~t h-v-/llc .~ ~c/Vl---?, ~ ) -"1-P ~ ( /", ( p.~-r !-e (J LL' '''V\.~/l ~f J]-e. C'--A" n1 &c~ ~'-0J1 J i-~ (0--:7 /~f _Jjj c'- f~ C CC"':: ( ,d I'<LC(J (kd ., ~j/J /v~~"--t (-,:, Lr-Lc; c~~, c~ ~'-A~r~ /~~ ./L~-",,,--t /'VV"--'---'-./J....--1 !-o /1- '-f.J .--1?-f! 0-1Ir{J cl (-C2 M c-? / Sr-~'~~ ~ ?Q~' !~~ 37-1 L) ICL; Aj L '1 "-"'') c, T NO\/1 .-'- ' 7 1Q02 { h)U,-, CH2M H:tL / SLL ?lt3 2 ! �US 89 - LOGAN CANYON STUDY ( Your comments are requested, and can be provided below. Name Dl V I Slo Yl tYF t'7P.rti L~l2S f ~r5:S~. J / --.::~:::.:(Z:...;;:fl=/~(j.L..-..J..P.....:If::.-L..T...... 7f.L.:.6~R..Io.£.-=kl....L) _ _=S....;.::>--=E=Il~S=-..L.I-L-/..;::;·O=()...:...-....~c...c/...looQ~£:Ti~...L.tlL.-,,_ 'L0C; {IN I f Conunents: l! ' t i ·h " I '; 7k g LC:T a a go ~ , 1...- <-( -, t-r fr (.' (' lz) C .:..... Th r i '~lUrC G tl -& c +-1 v t iC Izc.a s 3 t lJ/(13:v/, " 0'7 121 (=,1'1 V'<? ?' 0' /Y' (,'ry-lc-\ /e f ( b~ 7 D('C'(/ ( c/E'c( e oc e t" E' h ( c / r::...) L-U , f tc ~'r ~cj-ek"'- {fl o j b ~h'l v1r( I f lf c:tyc:f's yeA he ir;;( 0f . • Ir'l k 0 ,--/ / (>/'-'- / , i ) C! lu c!e: ,J 'j .CK< 2 l' C, ') b liu? 11;17 .) <-;: C\(' . ~: 7 in. .7 e J:p~-;:>q tev-- h k- "E-k V 1 s Lit' sf '-:-',,( S0 UL</r( I <2..! fi c q tl ~C v ( ·f(o ,-, ' s Y (d h (? Lx Ot? (?de ,,{ -1-0 c r ( d~ k{, O'll (I .; Q ;-r 0 -j/vt£ '\ c �-' .:'/; ~r" ~'1.· ;: V ... --.., ..r... ! US 89 - LOGAN CANYON STUDY ( ... .J ' .. , ....-. ..... . ~_ Your comments are requested, and can be provided below. Name C,YBi C1 \ \' \)DmOvS.. l),~ '6q it> I m~D'f\wn)O:c Yo ~ Comments: e:... \.\\c.(hl.t)~ re&iA>D~ o\o~ U yY\a~oc ·±b1Z tsQ(QY W1,J I ~~ l,p. k<,< \) '" l.,~ . :r::;;,i 1\2(=1'1,1 ~ ) ~ ,\OIA< hold, 0.-"> 'cW...,y~\?vJo\.c... VYieel.N)s t>---S> ?uSS ; b l&- v i 'N +t,.q ~ LA\s. o f \ t l A < \ <., - • ( SLC87/26 . ~ :' :'...,J' . ~ . �September 20, 1986 Mr. Allen Harrison Bear Lake Regional Commission Executive Director Fish Haven, Idaho 83267 Friend Allen: We read the articles in the News Examiner about the Logan Canyon road. We travel the road once or twice a week in the summer months to take care of the 40 acres in Fish Haven and down to Ogden to take care of our home there. The traffic is real heavy most of the time and at times it is very dangerous to drive in mornings and evenings, when the sun is in your eyes. We would appreciate having the road widened and improved not only for our selves but family, friends and others who travel Highway 89. We appreciate your interest, concern and energy in trying to get improvements made on roads and the Bear Lake area. As you know Highway 89 extends from Canada to Mexico and we thank you for the effort you put forth to get improvements made. l;,rl ~ =~1jJ;;;:/ · G~/rDorJ.s ec Stock Your neighbors over the hill in Fish Haven Canyon �f November 12, 1986 Mr. Clifford R. Forsgren, P.E. NOV 1 ? 198B CH2M Hill, Consulting Engineers P. o. Box 2218 Salt Lake City, utah 84101 Re: Highway u.s. 89 - Logan Canyon Study Dear Mr. Forsgren: I've just read the November, 1986 Summary Fact Sheet concerning the referenced project study. One statenent in particular causes ne considerable alarm. On the last page, paragraph three states, "During the tour, it was suggested by some present that the Canyon should be treated as a recreational corridor (a destination) rather than as a transp::>rtation link (a conduit for traffic). Recreational use of the corridor should be given priority over transp::>rtation use whenever a decision involving trade-offs is to be made in the study. " ( ( No one disputes the recreational value of Logan Canyon. People skiing, camping, picnicing, haul ing f irev.DOd., etc. go to the canyon for a specific purpose. I use the canyon for these activities myself. But to categorically give priority to recreational use over transp::>rtation needs borders on the absurd, in my opinion. A native of Bear Lake County, and still owning property there, I strongly protest the idea of recreational priority. Perhaps residents of cache and Box Elder Counties consider the canyon a destination rrore than a transp::>rtation link, but residents of , other areas rrost certainly do not. I submit that rrost weekend traffic from OJden, Salt Lake, and Provo in the sumrrertine ends up in Bear Lake, not in Logan Canyon. Ask the people in Bear Lake and Rich Counties and beyond, even into Wyoming, how many stop in the canyon as opp::>sed to those who use the route for access to Logan, OJden, or Salt Lake. I assure you, that canyon exists as a vital link connecting them to these other areas. I repeat, to consider other priorities ahead of transp::>rtation demonstrates seriously faulty thinking. Certainly only a fanatical environnentalist who would have us all backpacking through the canyon could seriously suggest such a thing. ( let's be reasonable, Mr. Forsgren. Certainly recreation has its place and deserves consideration, but not at the expense of those who depend on that highway for transportation. I was born in lDgan. As a youth, I traveled through the canyon for lTUSic lessons, medical care, shopping, etc. alnnst ~kly. Now I drive it dozens of times each year for business and pleasure. Sometines �2 I stop for recreational purposes, too. But I believe those people on the other side of the mountain deserve better than to stand in jeopardy because of special interests groups whose access to the ~rld is provided by a six-lane freeway and see lA>gan Canyon only in tenus f their limited, selfish needs. / st\rel , Y:en~1j1;ent 107 East Ma.in Hyrum, utah 84319 cc: ( ( Gale larson, Valley Engineering, Inc. �US 89 - LOGAN CANYON STUDY Your comments are requested, and can be provided below. Thorras C. Jensen, 1750 Foothill Drive, lDgan, UT Name 84321 Comments: I have lived and operat.ed my business in lDgan for the past 10 years. One of the prime reasons for selecting lDgan was the natural beauty and adjacent wilderness areas. However, I feel that there needs to be a reasonable and balanced approach to the natural beauty and wilderness in regards to highway design and rraint.enance and 1) SafctV' - ilCC2SS through these areas. The nurrerous accidents in the Logan Canyon area testify to the need for proper passing and slow lanes. I have personally witnessed or experienced rrany "near-misses" as a result of blind corners, ice build-up from cross drainage ( in late spring, narrow bridges, and limited passing lanes ( causing backups and "daredevil passes." 2) Access Route: Logan Canyon is not only a scenic drive, it is the rrajor artery to lDgan from Rich County. The highway must be travelled in dangerous conditions by service and delivery agents, professional services, truck traffic, temple visitors, tourists, and shopping excursions for the citizens of Rich County. Travel in the canyon becomes a very serious considera- tion in winter and spring due to very hazardous conditions, and summer due to slow moving R.V. traffi<;:. Commerce is drastically hampered. No one is askingfolr a super-highway, or for cOl11fl'ercial develOJ?l!Ent that ( ( \'.QuId seriously reduce the natural attractiveness of the canyon. It is SLC87/26 of questionalYle value however, if the canyon highway is left in its current dangerous condition. If this artery of cOl11fl'erce and tourism �US 89 - lDgan Canyon Study / Thomas C. Jensen Page '!Wo becomes increasingly choked, it will cost both lives and livlihood. ( ( ( ( �HYDE PARK CITY CORPORATION P O. BOX 489 HYDE PARK, UTAH 84318 -{ECEfVEC NOV 241986 November 21, 1986 CH2M HILL / SlC Mr. Stanton S. Nuffer CH2M Hi 11 Associated Plaza, Suite 500 349 South 200 East PO Box 2218 Salt Lake City, Utah 84101 Dear Mr. Nuffer: He as the Hyde Park City Council feel additional construction in Logan canyon will ultimately benefit not only Cache County residents, but also Rich County residents. We also feel that if it is done in an orderly fashion, it wouldn't adversely affect the environment in Logan canyon. ( ( We would like to see improvements done in this part of the State to enhance tourism and possibly generate additional revenues for our community. Sincerely, Hyde Park City Council Leslie A. Ball s Da vi d t·1. Cheney Marilyn P. Grunig Michael T. Kirby John A. Rich ~-/-~~ Robert J . Ball s t~ayor RJB/jh ( • � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/53">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/53</a> Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies, scans, or prints of this item for fair use purposes, please see Utah State University's Reproduction Order Form at: <a href="https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php">https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2013 Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner, at 800 dpi. Archival file is PDF (800 dpi), display file is JPEG2000. Checksum 4011851985 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 25984481 Bytes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Comments on the improvements of Logan Canyon Description An account of the resource Comments from local leaders and residents of Cache, Bear Lake, and Rich counties arguing for both minimal improvements to the canyon road claiming it as a destination, and maximum improvement to increase traffic flow and reduce accidents by adding lanes to existing road. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bean, Richard Pope, Lewis Floyd, Craig Allen, Karla Brown, Ken Stringham, Brian Smart, Phyllis Jensen, Thomas Balls, Robert Harrison, Alan Collins, Kathlyn Pendery, Bruce Pettigrew, Craig Thomas, Craig Stock, Glen Stock, Doris Jensen, D. Brent Subject The topic of the resource Logan Canyon (Utah) Roads--Design and construction Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Administrative records Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986-10-03 1986-10-16 1986-11-10 1986-11-03 1986-11-17 1986-09-20 1986-11-12 1986-11-21 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan Canyon (Utah) Utah United States Cache County (Utah) Rich County (Utah) Bear Lake (Utah) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980-1989 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Sierra Club, Utah Chapter Archives, 1972-1986, COLL MSS 148 Series VIII Box 28 Folder 7 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. View the inventory for this collection at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Libraries Photograph Curator, phone (435) 797-0890. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Highway 89 Digital Collections Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS148VIIIB28_Fd7_Page_1.pdf Highway 89; https://highway89.org/files/original/d7b106d2885137dc0a64a7ed4d841987.pdf 95ea04e38299147e5e890a6588849f8a PDF Text Text SIERRA CLUB Utah Chapter 93 East 1st South Logan, Utah 84321 November 21, 1979 ( ~O l) 75 J-!J9~ 7 ARCHES NATL. PARK by Karen Vendell M.J. Roberts District Ranger Logan Ranger District 21 West Center Logan, Utah 84321 HE: Proposed construction activities in Logan Canyon Dear Mr. Roberts: I he.ve recently ta.lked with Craig Rayle and others concerning the proposed road construction activities in Logan Canyon. This area is environmentally sensitive, and should receive the attention of public and private organizations before any decisions are made on construction of the highway. The Sierra Club has expended considerable efforts on obtaining information on the project; additional information is requested from your office. As I understand the situation, the Utah Department of Transportation has decided that an Environmental Im• pact statement is Iwt necessary for construction of the highway from Right Hand Fork to Ricks Spring. Furthermore I understand that the road alignment will be altered considerably in the Ricks Spring area, including placing the highway on the opposite side of the River. Associated with this realignment will be the development of a Forest Service campground and recreation facilities at Ricks Spring. Additionally, I understand that the Forest Service is planning to construct a campgrouni L~ ~iood Camp Hollow. As you may recall the Sierra Club has urged the Forest Service to include Wood Camp Hollow in the Mount Naomi Roadless Area. As I understand the situation fill material from road construction in Logan Canyon will be used in the construction of the road base to the campground and construction of the campground itself. The proposed construction of the highway will include the removal of large amounts of rock and dirt. The disposal of this cut material is of concern to the Sierra Club. Relative to the three paragraphs immediately above, answers to the following inquiries is requested. �M.J. Roberts November 21, 1979 Page two 1. rlicks Spring Campground Development Does, the Forest Service plan to construct a campground and recreation facility at nicks Spring in associaticn with the proposed highway construction? If 50, please provide information on the size of the campground and recreation facility. Information on impacts on the riparian and floodplain resources is requested. 2. Wood Camp Hollow Campground Development Does the Forest Service plan to construct a campground in Woodcamp Hollow in association with the proposed highway construction? Will cntllaterial from the highway construction be used in the campground development? Information on the size of the campground is appreciated. 3. Disposal of Fill Material The Sierra Club would appreciate information on the disposal of cut material. Jpecifically, we would appreciate information on where the cut material is to be placed. Will fill material be placed in Temple Fork, Logan River, -Wood -: Camp Hollow and/or "1tauled out of the canyon! 4. Compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act How does your office plan to compl~ with the National Environmental Policy Act in construction of the Wood Camp and Rick Springs facilities? If an Environmental Assessment Report is to be prepared,please give the estimated date for preperation of said statements. Due to the tL~ely natur3 of this matter, a reply is requested within ten working days. I look forward to hearino frOM your office in the near future. Sincere ~: President Utah Chapter Sierra Club cc: Craig aayle JoJo Jones Brant Calkin Anthony rtuckel Esq. � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/92">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/92</a> Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies, scans, or prints of this item for fair use purposes, please see Utah State University's Reproduction Order Form at: <a href="https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php">https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2013 Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner. Checksum 2829141562 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 2538847 Bytes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Correspondence from Brian Beard to M.J. Roberts, November 21, 1979 Description An account of the resource Correspondence from Brian Beard to M.J. Roberts regarding the camp grounds that are proposed for construction parallel with the road construction and asking what is to be done regarding the disposal of fill material. Also asks how they intend to comply with NEPA and if an Environmental Assessment will be prepared. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beard, Brian Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Vendell, Karen Subject The topic of the resource Environmental policy Government agencies Logan Canyon (Utah) Sierra Club. Utah Chapter Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Correspondence Administrative records Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979-11-21 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Utah United States Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Sierra Club, Utah Chapter Archives, 1972-1986, COLL MSS 148 Series VIII Box 28 Folder 8 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. View the inventory for this collection at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Special Collections and Archives, phone (435) 797-2663. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Highway 89 Digital Collections Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS148VIIIB28_Fd8_Page_2.pdf Highway 89; https://highway89.org/files/original/dabd2f58d6ba5114ac75d658061a7dbc.pdf b5c7b3ef5a9ef2049a68619ad604c681 PDF Text Text SIERRA CLUB Utah Chapter 93 East 1st South Logan, Utah 84321 November 21, 1979 (801) 753-1J987 ARCHES NATL. PARK by Karen Vendell Vern Hamre Regional Forester Region IV United States Forest Service 324-25th street Ogden, utah 84401 HE: Road construction activities proposed for Logan Canyon. Dear Mr. Hamre: The Utah Chapter Sierra Club is concerned about recent events in the proposal to widen and realign the Logan Canyon highway. The Sierra Club is interested in Forest Service involvement in the project and would appreciate a reply to the following items: Establishment of Lead encies Section 1501.5 d of the Council _ Environ~ental Quality Regulations for on ing the Procedural Provision of the National Environmental Policy Act reads: 1. ft L~lement­ Any Federal agency, or any state or local agency or private person substantially affected by the absence of lead agency designation, may make a written request to the potential lead agencies that a lead agency be designated." The Sierra Club requests your office to designate a lead agency for construction of the project. Is the Forest Service the lead agency or the Utah Department of Transportation; 2. Project approval!aisapproval authority Information on the Forest Service permit requirements for construction of the highway is needed. Wbat kind of permits will your office issue for construction of the highway? v/ill the public be involved in the decision to issue or deny the permit(s)? Data on how the public may be involved in the permit process is requested. Will the issuance of a permit require preperation of an Environmental Statement, or an Environmental Analysis Report: �Vern Hamre November 21, 1979 Pa6e tiiO 3. EvalUQtion of the environmental issues Section 1506.5 ( b) of the Council on Environmental ,. .:uality n.egula tions for Imp e:nenting the Procedural Pro~isions of the National Environmental Policy Act reads: " Environm3:1tJ.l Assessments. If an agency permits an applicant to prepare an environmental assessment, the agency, besides fulfilling the requirements of paragraphs (a) of this section, shall make its own evaluation of the environmental issues and take responsibility for the scope and conten\:' of the environrnental Ci.ssessment. It As I understand the present situation, the Utch Department of Transportantion has decided that an Environmental Impact statement ~ill not be required for construction activities in Logan Canyon; the decisio n to proceed without an Environ~ental State ~ent included little if any p~blic involveMent; the Sierra Club is planning action to reverse this decision. W hat is your office doing to evaluate the "enviroI1llental issues ••• and content of the environmental assessment'? The environmental assessment will be released by the Utah Department of Transp~ rt Ltion in the spring of 1980 ; we would l Lke to e. couro 6 e your office to evaluate t~e environ.~ental issues at the earlie st date possible , ental assess~ent. The environmental ass and specifically before release of this environr.o essment should include compliance with Executi~e Orders 11990 and _1988 , Protection of '/io etlands and Floodplain t-1anagement , respectively. Any additional information which will help in understandin6 Forest Service involvement be appreciated. in this project will Sierra Club cc: Craig Rayle Jo Jo Jones Brant Calkin Anthony Ruckel Esq. � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/95">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/95</a> Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies, scans, or prints of this item for fair use purposes, please see Utah State University's Reproduction Order Form at: <a href="https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php">https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2013 Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner. Checksum 2714828073 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 1220410 Bytes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Correspondence from Brian Beard to Vern Hamre, November 21, 1979 Description An account of the resource Correspondence from Brian Beard to Vern Hamre questioning who is the lead agency - UDOT or the Forest Service - in the road construction activities proposed for Logan Canyon. He also requests an evaluation of the environmental issues. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beard, Brian Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Vendell, Karen Subject The topic of the resource Environmental policy Government agencies Logan Canyon (Utah) Sierra Club. Utah Chapter Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Correspondence Administrative records Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979-11-21 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Utah United States Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Sierra Club, Utah Chapter Archives, 1972-1986, COLL MSS 148 Series VIII Box 28 Folder 8 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. View the inventory for this collection at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Special Collections and Archives, phone (435) 797-2663. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Highway 89 Digital Collections Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS148VIIIB28_Fd8_Page_19.pdf Highway 89; https://highway89.org/files/original/5a1ca9887219168c1abf23cfb35353c4.pdf b23f205700019fc5d4421366bc1e918b PDF Text Text SIERRA CLUB Utah Chapter 93 East 1st South Logan, Utah g4321 Novemoer 21, 1979 (801) 753-iJ987 ARCHES NATL. PARK by Karen Vendell Gary Lindley, Engineer District No.1 Engineer's Office Utah Department of Transportation 128 17th st_eet Ogden, Utah 84404 HE: Proposed construction activities in Logan Canyon. Dear Mr. Lindley: I have recently talked with Craig Rayle, and others concerning the proposed highway construction activitae.s in Logan Canyon. The Sierra Cluo is concerned about actions ta _en _ to date by the utah Department of Transportation in efforts to comply with the National Environmental Policy Act. The purpose of this letter is to obtain answers to quest i ons we have about NEPA com pliance decisions. A rep~ to the following it~ms is requested. 1. re are an Environmental act Statement Section 1501.4 c of the Council on Environmental Quality Regulations for implementting the Procedural Provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act (hereafter called C~ NEPA Regulations) reads, Federal agencies shall: " Based on the environmental assessment make its determination whether to prepare an environmental impact statement." As I understand the current situation your office has determined that an Environmental statement is not necessary for construction of the Logan Canyon HighW ay. However, this decision was made prior to preperation of the environmental assessment; the assessment is to be released in the Spring of 1980. This reversal of decisions appears to be contrary to the ~ NEPA regulations. Has your office decided that an environmental impact statement is not needed for construction of the Lo5 an Canyon Highway from Right Hand Fork to Ricks Spring? Is the environmental assessment 10 be finalized in t he spring of 1980? �Mr. Lindley ovember 21 , 1979 Page two nificant act of the C~ NEPA Regulations reads Federal agencies shall: 2. " Prepare a finding of no significant impact if the , agency determines on the basis of the environmental assessme~t pot to prepare a statement. It (1) The agency shall make the finding of no significant impact available to the affect public as specified in Section 15.6.6" The Utah Chapter Sierra impact" as noted above. 3. Public Section C~ub requests a copy of the "finding of no significant act federal agencies shall: n .. In certain limited circumstances, whi~h the agency may cover in its procedures ••• make the finding of no significant impact ~vailable for public review for 30 days before the agency makes its final determination whether to prepare an environmental impact statement and before the action may begin. The circumstances are: " (i) the proposed action is, or is closely similar to, one which normally requires the preparation of an environmental impact statement under the procedures adopted by the agency ••• " Did your office allow for public review of the finding of no significant impact? When Yias the finding of no significant i:rlpe.ct made? How was the finding of no significant impact made availab~e to the public? 4. ~egmentation of the NEPA Process Section 1508.27 of the CEQ NEPA Regulat ions reads in part: ff Significance cannot be avoided by ter~ing an action temporary or by breaking it down into small cOllponent Darts ." (Emphasis added.) The distance frot. Logan C:ity-. - to Bear Lake is approximately 40 mile s • This 40 mile stretch of road includes several miles which have allready been widened. The maj ority of the canyon roaj 15 not wiiened . Your office now plans to widen a stretch of highway approximately 6.5 miles long, from ight Hand Fork t~ ~icks Spring. Did your finding of no significant impact include an evaluation of constrction planned from from aight Hand Fork to Bear Lake, or just an evaluation of the mileage from ight Hand Fork to Ricks Spring? Additionally, we are concerned about Forest Service Campgrounds which are associated with the highway proposal ; specifically food Camp Hollow and Rick Springs campgrounds. Did the determination that an Environmental Statement was not necessary include the environ~ental impacts associated with these two campgrounds? �~r. Lindley l ovember 21, 19 7 9 Page three A~~ additional information you can provide which will he l p in understanding compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act will be appreciated. 3ecause of the timely nature of this matter, a response is requested within ten worki.n6 days. I look forward to hearing from your office. cc: Craig Rayle Jo Jo JO ~ le3 Brant Calkin Anthony uckel Esq . � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/107">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/107</a> Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies, scans, or prints of this item for fair use purposes, please see Utah State University's Reproduction Order Form at: <a href="https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php">https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2013 Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner. Checksum 3256351554 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 1611146 Bytes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Correspondence from Brian Beard to Gary Lindley, November 21, 1979 Description An account of the resource Correspondence from Brian Beard to Gary Lindley regarding the proposed construction activities in Logan Canyon. The Sierra Club is concerned about UDOT's compliance with NEPA and wants to have an Enviromental Assessment drawn up. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beard, Brian Subject The topic of the resource Logan Canyon (Utah) Government agencies Environmental policy Sierra Club. Utah Chapter Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Administrative records Correspondence Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979-11-21 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Utah United States Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Sierra Club, Utah Chapter Archives, 1972-1986, COLL MSS 148 Series VIII Box 28 Folder 8 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. View the inventory for this collection at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Special Collections and Archives, phone (435) 797-2663. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Highway 89 Digital Collections Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS148VIIIB28_Fd8_Page_14.pdf Highway 89; https://highway89.org/files/original/9c42ef44b6c177b95dbd1538e001debd.pdf c9bb8b13fcab0b986ab316e8551c42d9 PDF Text Text SIERRA CLUB Utah Chapter . 93 East 1st South LOjan, Utah 84321 November 21 , 1979 (801) 753-0987 ARCHES NATL. PARK by Karen Vendell George W. Bahn Diy~sion Administrator Federal Highway Administration P. O. Box 11563 Salt Lake City, utah 84147 Proposed Construction Activities in Logan Canyon, Utah HE : Dear Mr. 13ohn: The utah Chaptee Sierra Club is concerned about proposed construction in Logan Canyon, Utah. Present plans call for widening of the existing highway. We are particularly concerned with compliance under the N ational Environmental Policy Act. As I understand the situation your office has decicied to change Logan Canyon from a Category I (environmentally sensitive) designation to a Category III designation; the Category III designation means that the area is not environmentally sensitive. This decision allows the Utah Department of Transportation to proceed with construction without the preperation of an Environmental Statement. Under Council on Environmental Quality Regulations for compliance with NEPA an environmental as se 'sment is regularly prepared on all federal actions. This brief review of environmenc.a.l impacts is uSed to determine i f an Environmental Irrrt-act Statemen:' is neen~d or not needed. The Utah Department of Transportation has stated publicly several times that they ~ill r~t need an Environmental Statement for construction activities. However , they do not plan to release the environmental ~ ssessment until Jhe spring of .'1980. The Sierra Club is now investigating this apparent violation of public law. Answers to the following items will help tis in obtaining a better understanding of the pr.)ject. 1. {hen did your office decide to change Logan Canyon from a Category I designation to a Category III designation? How was the public involved in this decision making process? When was this decision announced to the public? �George \~ . Nove ~ ber Bohn 21, 1979 Page two 2. 3. lS lnfornation on the Utah Depart~ent of Transportation Regulations f or compliance with rWA ':vcu~d be appreciated; and H O~I can the Utah Department of Transportation oo:nply vlith the C~ rezulat ions' when they have decided an Environmental statement is not needed. even though the environmental assessment has not been prepared? Be.cause of the timely nature of this matter a response reque sted. Sincere (-\/ ~oJithin • " · ~~i~ Brian .3eard President Utah Chapter Sierra Club cc: Craig Rayle Jo Jo Jones Brant Calkin Anthony Ruckel Esq. ten working days � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/110">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/110</a> Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies, scans, or prints of this item for fair use purposes, please see Utah State University's Reproduction Order Form at: <a href="https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php">https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2013 Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner. Checksum 1585976578 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 993811 Bytes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Correspondence from Brian Beard to George Bohn, November 21, 1979 Description An account of the resource Correspondence from Brian Beard to George Bohn requesting that any and all information regarding Utah Department of Transportation's compliance with NEPA be sent for review, espeicially as to why Logan Canyon was removed from a Category I and put in Category III for environmental sensitivity. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beard, Brian Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Vendell, Karen Subject The topic of the resource Environmental policy Government agencies Logan Canyon (Utah) Sierra Club. Utah Chapter Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Correspondence Administrative records Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979-11-21 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Utah United States Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Sierra Club, Utah Chapter Archives, 1972-1986, COLL MSS 148 Series VIII Box 28 Folder 8 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. View the inventory for this collection at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Special Collections and Archives, phone (435) 797-2663. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Highway 89 Digital Collections Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS148VIIIB28_Fd8_Page_18.pdf Highway 89; https://highway89.org/files/original/44552cd269f8a7267cb339b84b514d9c.pdf bebc492466ae4fa5a165fc56cb481ab2 PDF Text Text SIERRA CLUB Utah Chapter 93 East 1st South Logan, Utah 84321 November 21, 1979 (801) 753-D987 ARCHES NATL. PARK by Karen Vendell !-m. David W tt __ Regional Adrniniatrator Federal Highway Administrator Region VIII P.O. Box 25246 Denver, Color~jo 80225 RE: Proposed construction activities Dear Mr. in Logan Canyon, Utah. \~att : The utah Chapter Sierra Club is concerned about recent proposals for widening the existing road in Logan Canyon, utah. The Sierra Club is particularly concerned abou·~ compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act. Please provide information on the following subjects: 1. Finding of 1~O Significant Impact The Utah Department of Transportation has determined that an Environmental Impact Statement is not required for construction activities in Logan Canyon. ~ Please send a copy of this "finding of no significant impact." . , Environmental Assessment The decision to proceed without the preperation of an Environmental Impact Statement was made befoee the preperation of an environmental assessment. Council on Environmental uality NEPA compliance regulations state that the environmental assessment is to be used as the foundation for determination of need or lack of need for an Environmental Statement . How can the Ut&h Department of Transportation comply with NEPA if they have decided an Environmental Statement is not necessary ~"lit >. out using the environmental assessment in this decision? 2. Due to the timely nature of this matter, a response i£ .requested within ten working days . � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/129">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/129</a> Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies, scans, or prints of this item for fair use purposes, please see Utah State University's Reproduction Order Form at: <a href="https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php">https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2013 Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner. Checksum 584092401 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 561584 Bytes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Correspondence from Brian Beard to David Watt, November 21, 1979 Description An account of the resource Correspondence from Brian Beard to David Watt asking for a copy of the "finding of no significant impact" and asking for information as to why UDOT decided to proceed without an Environmental Assessment as required by CEQ NEPA. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beard, Brian Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Vendell, Karen Subject The topic of the resource Environmental policy Government agencies Logan Canyon (Utah) Sierra Club. Utah Chapter Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Correspondence Administrative records Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979-11-21 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Utah United States Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Sierra Club, Utah Chapter Archives, 1972-1986,COLL MSS 148 Series VIII Box 28 Folder 8 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. View the inventory for this collection at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Special Collections and Archives, phone (435) 797-2663. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Highway 89 Digital Collections Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS148VIIIB28_Fd8_Page_17.pdf Highway 89; https://highway89.org/files/original/f32f578e5e6eca387efbd76ce89383ea.pdf 5f1e9d542b70799a77daa30b950a16ca PDF Text Text SIERRA CLUB Utah Chapter 93 East 1st South LOGan, Utah S4J21 :ove~ber 21 , -979 (801) 75;-09?-7 ARCHES NATL. PARK by Karen Vendell JoJo Jones ~ierra Club Leader ational Transport~tion rtE : Jear Co~~ittee Proposed Road Construction Activities, Looan Canyon, Jtah . ~·lrs . J one s : ·ohn Heywood has asked me to send Gn:ormation to yoa concerning t~e current status 0: the l..06&n Canyon nigh~'iay Project i.YJ. Nor thern Utah . Please fi..rld the follo·t ling in.ior:lC:. tion enclosed: 1. 2. J. 4. 5• Letter Letter Letter Letter Letter to to to to to Gary Lindley; ;·1 .J. ~io~ert3 ; Vern Haore ; Georbe ,01 • 3oh..11 ; and DMVid ·..·E.tt . In sli.rnmary it i:lc.y be sai -i thc.t the ;>ro:note rs of the project are trY;.:1g to aVOlJ. an and :neaningful public input. rre e nc~osures a~e de si6ned ~o 00tain bad<6roll..'1d inforr:1atio:1 to for:;e an J1viro:1."7lental ~tater:1ent . ·..;e ~ave been to_ . several :,imes , that an Environ.i1ental Statement ·.'lill ;nean the deaths 0-"' t~e project ; 1:';-1 '. 5 ~3 of course our 60&1. ~nviron~ental ~tatement I ~'/ill continue to sen additiona l inforr:1c.tion 2.S it beco:nes B. V"E.i able in th2 ::. t ·'.._'e ; I ','[ Quld sU6~est that you ;>repare c. pla ce in you filin6 syste:n for' t ..e Logan Cc.nyon project . :"' I can provide additional inform.: tion pLease ':Trit e or phone . Your s~oestions '. il l be 0 a~? reciated. ~:e15t ~?a .~ Brian 3e.::rd cc: John :fey.iood drant Calkin ~ith en c~ osu res Crai6 nayle with enclo sures Anthony rtucke l with enclosues � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/136">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/136</a> Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies, scans, or prints of this item for fair use purposes, please see Utah State University's Reproduction Order Form at: <a href="https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php">https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2013 Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner. Checksum 1599850016 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 502325 Bytes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Correspondence from Brian Beard to JoJo Jones, November 21, 1979 Description An account of the resource Correspondence from Brian Beard to JoJo Jones stating the intent to demand an Environmental Statement be produced in regards to the Logan Canyon project. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beard, Brian Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Vendell, Karen Subject The topic of the resource Government agencies Environmental policy Logan Canyon (Utah) Sierra Club. Utah Chapter Logan Canyon Study Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Correspondence Administrative records Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979-11-21 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Utah United States Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Sierra Club, Utah Chapter Archives, 1972-1986, COLL MSS 148 Series VIII Box 28 Folder 8 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. View the inventory for this collection at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Special Collections and Archives, phone (435) 797-2663. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Highway 89 Digital Collections Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS148VIIIB28_Fd8_Page_15.pdf Highway 89; https://highway89.org/files/original/9d92669817f1913d3146ceaac3b45674.pdf e3f491f784b589d87701f551b72f1e3b PDF Text Text SIERRA CLUB Utah Chapte r I~formation Offic e r " tan uepa r tment of Tr anspor:. E.:' io. ~ist r ict 1-0 . i Office 123 17t. 0 treet 6oen , tah 344 '4 -;) '::"icy 'c "'~e Co nc':i on ~nviro: _, e:-', - f:.:" , 'J.o.:"ity .-es:,:,:"~· i:>:--l.3 ," 3':ons of the ~'o.t"'=o ,:.c.- ~~';~:'J ...enta:" PO:'~ci .. ct. ~eC:. ' .3 ~ection 15J7 .3 pe rt: ~ ~en~J ~~ocej~ re~ .ot ':'c.ter :::&';'l ei:;ht .0r:~ . 5 c. ·"ter ?Jb :':-: c.:'~on .J: ::.ese re~ 'J.:"E..".,io.'1~ E.3 "'L'1a ... y a 'opte ::-. :':-.-= ?e"':'e Ef:.:' :.e~:".3:.er, or :"':"-;-2 -:;.J!1~::s c. :"'-:e ::"i5h.. e:1t 0" en e.;encj' , ,.(:- ~c: ever sh~ - :. C.J:71e '::"e:'e~, ;;cc~ a~e .. cj s' all c.S "1-3CeS3erj f:.d.opt p r ocec.i'..:.!"-=...: :',J ;3'?~ :e'1e i t :.~e -e re,;" ~E:.:' :0:15. (0) .. e E. cove .J':" ~3 ~entione Sn t~e ~~~E.~ : &'P~ ~~ te ' ao~¥~ , ~::"QE..3e t ,J': Transp0r+. ct,~0:-: ''':'5~S .: r :'''':1:'':'e::1en::.-_..; ~~~?,... . ~C:.rt,:1e. .,':"::' :-:e'::"p in n crs:c:.n" i::.:; ::-:i3 -:1c.l,ter '.·;i:'~ e ... ... <.. 58._ ~e re~ _L .:.,. j ~ 2.i~:"):,.c. . . . ~:..~)re . . :_:ei • t:-c � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/142">http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/highway89/id/142</a> Purchasing Information Describe or link to information about purchasing copies of this item. To order photocopies, scans, or prints of this item for fair use purposes, please see Utah State University's Reproduction Order Form at: <a href="https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php">https://library.usu.edu/specol/using/copies.php</a> Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Digitized by: Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2013 Conversion Specs Scanned by Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library using Epson Expression 10000 scanner. Checksum 2451296569 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 447535 Bytes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Correspondence from Brian Beard to Information Officer, November 21, 1979 Description An account of the resource Correspondence from Brian Beard to Information Officer requesting the regulations that the Utah Department of Transportation uses for implenting NEPA. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beard, Brian Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Vendell, Karen Subject The topic of the resource Environmental policy Government agencies Logan Canyon (Utah) Sierra Club. Utah Chapter Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Correspondence Administrative records Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979-11-21 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Utah United States Logan Canyon (Utah) Cache County (Utah) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, Special Collections and Archives, Sierra Club, Utah Chapter Archives, 1972-1986, COLL MSS 148 Series VIII Box 28 Folder 8 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. View the inventory for this collection at: <a href="http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390">http://uda-db.orbiscascade.org/findaid/ark:/80444/xv03390</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Reproduction for publication, exhibition, web display or commercial use is only permissible with the consent of the USU Special Collections and Archives, phone (435) 797-2663. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Highway 89 Digital Collections Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS148VIIIB28_Fd8_Page_16.pdf Highway 89; https://highway89.org/files/original/8b4a7dc86c3bef2159078b292d1b1384.jpg 3bcaba185000eb614e0cee72241b705a Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 2846 Image Width Image Width in pixels 2014 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, L. Tom Perry Special Collections Scanning resolution Resolution in DPI 400 Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example Grayscale Checksum 0x3462490C File Size Size of the file in bytes. 3570.834 KB Conversion Specs iQsmart3 Kodak Oxygen Scan v.2.4.1 attributes: jpg, 400dpi Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2008-03 Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="">http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/GeorgeBeard/id/48</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tetons and Lake Description An account of the resource Mountains reflected in a crystal clear lake. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beard, George, 1855-1944 Subject The topic of the resource Mountains Lakes Teton Range (Wyo. and Idaho) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930-1939 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Teton Range (Wyoming and Idaho) Wyoming Idaho United States 43.7637798 -110.7299137 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1930-1939 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, MSS P-3 # 49 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, L. Tom Perry Special Collections Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain, Courtesy L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. George Beard Photograph Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS_P_3_0049.jpg Highway 89 Lakes Mountains Teton Range (Wyo. and Idaho) https://highway89.org/files/original/6e2b8448d52c52ed4814d360bb63d48d.jpg 2da1dd5e0e300566da33396cbd70a319 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 2200 Image Width Image Width in pixels 2899 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, L. Tom Perry Special Collections Scanning resolution Resolution in DPI 400 Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example Grayscale Checksum 0xC7AB522F File Size Size of the file in bytes. 3679.114 KB Conversion Specs iQsmart3 Kodak Oxygen Scan v.2.4.1 attributes: jpg, 400dpi Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2008-03 Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/GeorgeBeard/id/140">http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/GeorgeBeard/id/140</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jackson Lake Dam of Jackson Lake, Wyoming at Moran in Teton County, Idaho Description An account of the resource A dam, and a building on the shore of Jackson Lake in Teton County, Wyoming. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beard, George, 1855-1944 Subject The topic of the resource Buildings Dams--Wyoming Jackson Lake (Teton County, Wyo.) Jackson Lake Dam (Wyo.) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1910-1919 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Jackson Lake (Wyoming), Teton County (Wyoming) Jackson Lake Dam (Wyoming) Wyoming United States 43.8578553 -110.5898451 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1910-1919 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, MSS P-3 # 142 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain, Courtesy L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. George Beard Photograph Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS_P_3_0142.jpg Buildings Dams Highway 89 Jackson Lake Jackson Lake Dam Wyoming https://highway89.org/files/original/4a98b28f6f66b1da4fe468c85a5102b5.jpg 49f2dfb6087854da1bed721e7ea2e9e4 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 2216 Image Width Image Width in pixels 2915 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, L. Tom Perry Special Collections Scanning resolution Resolution in DPI 400 Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example Grayscale Checksum 0xDD20C9B3 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 4145.074 KB Conversion Specs iQsmart3 Kodak Oxygen Scan v.2.4.1 attributes: jpg, 400dpi Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2008-03 Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/GeorgeBeard/id/188">http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/GeorgeBeard/id/188</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Eagle Gate looking north at corner of State and Brigham Streets Description An account of the resource Eagle Gate, woman on the corner, trolley cars in street. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beard, George, 1855-1944 Subject The topic of the resource Streets Trolley cars Women--Portraits Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs Portraits Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1910-1919 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Eagle Gate (Utah) Salt Lake City (Utah) Salt Lake County (Utah) Utah United States 40.76955 -111.888199 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1910-1919 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, MSS P-3 # 195 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, L. Tom Perry Special Collections Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain, Courtesy L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. George Beard Photograph Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS_P_3_0195.jpg Highway 89 Streets Trolley cars https://highway89.org/files/original/d250def1809de5c96a2b30289bf670ff.jpg aadc34a8ae016d5c2212f40c878c52b6 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 2156 Image Width Image Width in pixels 2826 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, L. Tom Perry Special Collections Scanning resolution Resolution in DPI 400 Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example Grayscale Checksum 0xEE18B7A1 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 3803.333 KB Conversion Specs iQsmart3 Kodak Oxygen Scan v.2.4.1 attributes: jpg, 400dpi Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2008-03 Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/GeorgeBeard/id/237">http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/GeorgeBeard/id/237</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edgar, Mother, Arthur, and Paul camped at the mouth of the Hoback River near Jackson Hole, WY Description An account of the resource Three men and a woman at a campfire in the woods next to two cars. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beard, George, 1855-1944 Subject The topic of the resource Men--Portraits Women--Portraits Campfires Automobiles Beard, Edgar, 1883-1960 Beard, Arthur, 1886-1918 Beard, Paul Bullock, 1900-1961 Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs Portraits Group portraits Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1920-1929 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Jackson Lake (Wyoming), Teton County (Wyoming) Wyoming United States 43.3202062 -110.7326994 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1920-1929 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, MSS P-3 # 245 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, L. Tom Perry Special Collections Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain, Courtesy L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. George Beard Photograph Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS_P_3_0245.jpg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant <kml xmlns="http://earth.google.com/kml/2.0"><Folder><name>OpenLayers export</name><description>Exported on Thu Oct 17 2013 18:50:42 GMT-0600 (MDT)</description></Folder></kml>||||osm 43.3202062 -110.7326994 Automobiles Campfires Highway 89 https://highway89.org/files/original/11d95ef8a04d9337b0e3ce17b59fe704.jpg 99633fcb079fe4793873d374fe92ee04 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Image Height 3067 Image Width Image Width in pixels 2109 Digital Publisher List the name of the entity that digitized and published this item online. Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, L. Tom Perry Special Collections Scanning resolution Resolution in DPI 400 Colorspace RGB or Grayscale, for example Grayscale Checksum 0xCD3619E9 File Size Size of the file in bytes. 3782.337 KB Conversion Specs iQsmart3 Kodak Oxygen Scan v.2.4.1 attributes: jpg, 400dpi Date Digital Record the date the item was digitized. 2008-03 Local URL The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website <a href="http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/GeorgeBeard/id/550">http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org:80/cdm/ref/collection/GeorgeBeard/id/550</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gibbon Falls, Yellowstone Description An account of the resource A large waterfall in the woods. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beard, George, 1855-1944 Subject The topic of the resource Waterfalls Gibbon Falls (Wyo.) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Photographs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1920-1929 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Gibbon Falls (Wyoming) Yellowstone National Park Wyoming United States 44.6541336 -110.7708129 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1920-1929 20th century Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, MSS P-3 # 560 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain, Courtesy L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. George Beard Photograph Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MSS_P_3_0560.jpg Gibbon Falls Highway 89 Waterfalls Wyoming Yellowstone National Park